Publication - Progress report

Climate change monitoring report 2023

Published: 30 May 2023
From: Cabinet Secretary for Rural Affairs, Land Reform and Islands, +6 more … Director of Agriculture and Rural Economy, Director of Energy and Climate Change, Director of Environment and Forestry, Director of Offshore Wind, Director-General Economy, Director-General Net Zero
Directorate: Energy and Climate Change Directorate, +3 more … Agriculture and Rural Economy Directorate, Environment and Forestry Directorate, Local Government and Housing Directorate
Part of: Building, planning and design, Business, industry and innovation, Economy, +4 more … Energy, Environment and climate change, Transport, Work and skills
ISBN: 9781805258636

The second annual statutory monitoring report against the updated 2018 Climate Change Plan, as per the Climate Change (Emissions Reduction Targets) (Scotland) Act 2019.

Supporting documents

Climate Change Plan Monitoring Report 2023: Agriculture

Part A - Overview of sector

The 2020 annual emissions envelope set in the CCPu for this sector was for 7 MtCO₂e, the actual emission statistics for this year show a position of 7.6 MtCO₂e

^[37]. As such, the sector was outside its envelope during 2020.

The CCPu sets out the following six policy outcomes for the sector, the indicators for which are summarised below:

A more productive, sustainable agriculture sector that significantly contributes toward delivering Scotland’s climate change, and wider environmental, outcomes through an increased uptake of climate mitigation measures by farmers, crofters, land managers and other primary food producers.

There are no indicators for this policy outcome. More information is provided in the body of this report.

More farmers, crofters, land managers and other primary food producers are aware of the benefits and practicalities of cost effective climate mitigation measures	On Track	Off Track	Too Early to Say
Increased engagement with Farm Advisory Services on environmental issues and climate change	X

Nitrogen emissions, including from nitrogen fertiliser, will have fallen through a combination of improved understanding efficiencies and improved soil condition	On Track	Too Early to Say
Use of Nitrogen fertilisers	X
Spreading precision of Nitrogen fertilisers	X
Nitrogen use efficiency for crop production		X

Reduced emissions from red meat and dairy through improved emissions intensity	On Track	Off Track	Too Early to Say
Time taken from birth to slaughter and increased efficiency through improved health and reduced losses	X

Reduced emissions from the use and storage of manure and slurry.	On Track	Off Track	Too Early to Say
Improvement in covered slurry storage	X
Precision application of manure and slurry			X

Carbon sequestration and existing carbon stores on agricultural land have helped to increase and maintain our carbon sink.	On Track	Off Track	Too Early to Say
Area of woodland on agricultural land	X

Just transition and cross economy Impacts:

We wish to understand and report on the broader just transition and cross-economy impacts of our emissions-reduction activities in addition to these sector specific policy outcomes and indicators. To do this, in this report we use data from the Office of National Statistics (ONS): Low Carbon Renewable Energy Economy (LCREE) publication. The LCREE data presented in this report is based on survey data of businesses which perform economic activities that deliver goods and services that are likely to help generate lower emissions of greenhouse gases, for example low carbon electricity, low emission vehicles and low carbon services.

The LCREE indicator is narrowly defined and, while useful within its limited scope, does not give us the full picture of the impacts on workforce, employers and communities and progress towards a just transition.

Over the next few years we will work to develop a more meaningful set of success outcomes and indicators aimed at tracking the impacts of our policies on a just transition to net zero.

Sector commentary on progress

Our Vision for Agriculture 2022 outlines our aim to transform how we support farming and food production in Scotland to become a global leader in sustainable and regenerative agriculture.

To deliver the ambitions set out in the Vision, we published an Agricultural Reform route map on 10 February 2023 which sets out the timescales to share more information with farmers, crofters, and landowners to help them plan and prepare for changes which will come into force from 2025. The Draft Agriculture Reform List of Measures was also published in February 2023 and is a supporting document for farmers and crofters, intended to show the measures currently being appraised by Scottish Government. This list of measures has been built on academic research and recommendations of the Farmer Led Climate Change Groups. They will continue to be refined as part of the ongoing co-design process.

The first track of the National Test Programme ‘Preparing for Sustainable Farming’ began in April 2022 with funding for conducting Carbon Audits and Soil Sampling. This was followed in December 2022 with the launch of MyHerdStats and in February 2023 with support for Animal Health and Welfare activity. It is designed to help farmers and crofters future proof their farms, to create environmental and economically resilient businesses and to start to prepare now for future conditionality.

‘Testing Actions for Sustainable Farming (TSF)’ will design, test, improve and standardise the tools, support and process necessary to reward farmers, crofters and land managers for the climate and biodiversity outcomes they deliver. This will create a robust understanding of how new conditions or activities could be applied to future support, and ensure delivery of environmental outcomes in a way that supports sustainable businesses. The first phase of TSF, completed in August 2022 with a survey of almost 950 farming and crofting businesses providing invaluable data for the next phase of testing actions, is outlined in this report.

To inform the introduction of a new Scottish Agriculture Bill in 2023 which will provide a replacement for CAP, a public consultation on our proposals, “Delivering our Vision for Scottish Agriculture” ran from 29 August 2022 to 5 December 2022.

We continue to fund actions on farm which support climate change: the Sustainable Agricultural Capital Grant Scheme (SACGS) 2022 had 554 offers worth £4.60m accepted to fund slurry spreading equipment and slurry store covers and £285 million has been committed through the Agri-Environment Climate Scheme since 2015.

We also continue to deliver extensive advice and support for farmers and crofters on how to mitigate their emissions through the Farm Advisory Service and Farming for a Better Climate.

Developments in monitoring arrangements since last report

N/A

Part B - Progress to Policy Outcome Indicators

Policy Outcome: Cross-sectoral social and economic

Indicator: FTE employment in Low Carbon Renewable Energy Economy Indicator

On-Track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Year-to-year change

Most Recent Data: 2021

Data Source(s): Office of National Statistics: Low Carbon Renewable Energy Economy (LCREE), Time spent of Green Tasks

Assessment: Too Early to Say

Commentary:

In 2021, the Scottish low carbon renewable energy (LCREE) sectors were estimated to provide 28,300 jobs, the highest in the published data.

The estimates of LCREE are based on a relative small sample of businesses and hence are subject to a wide confidence interval. Scottish LCREE employment in 2021 is substantially higher than previous years but the difference Is not statistically higher than 2020.

Employment in Low Carbon Renewable Energy Economy, FTE

employment in low Carbon Renewable Energy Economy from 2014 to 2021. It includes wide confidence intervals.

LCREE only shows employment in roles in Industries directly involved in the transition to Net Zero.
The ONS also released experimental statistics on a wider perspective of
green activity in the economy with their time spent on green tasks release.
These stats reflect green activities in both LCREE and non-LCREE sectors. The 2023 publication has not yet been published.
Last year’s publication showed that in 2019 Scotland achieved an all-time high of hours spent on green tasks and proportion of workers doing green tasks, including workers who spend more than 20% of their time on green tasks.
The proportion of workers doing green tasks in Scotland was 36% in 2019, up from 23.8% in 2004. Workers who have spent more than 20% of their time doing green tasks was 14%, up from 9% in 2004.
The proportion of overall hours spend doing green tasks in Scotland was 7%, up from 4.9% in 2004.

Policy Outcome: 2

Indicator: Increased engagement with Farm Advisory Services on environmental issues and climate change.

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on trend

Most recent data: Farm Advisory Service (FAS) reporting / website engagement. Farming for a Better Climate reporting and website engagement.

Data source(s): Farm Advisory Service Annual Reports

Assessment: On track.

Commentary:

The FAS continues to see an increase in engagement and uptake on a range of advice the service offers. The structure of the service continues to support farmers and crofters through a period of significant uncertainty and change, whilst innovating and continuing to evolve the service to address future challenges, in particular the Scottish Government target for net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2045, and reduction of 75% by 2030.

This includes advice to: improve biodiversity; increase awareness of habitat and carbon sequestration benefits of woodland planting; promote climate change adaptation and mitigation opportunities; improve business management and efficiency; encourage inclusivity by supporting new entrants and women in agriculture; and helping to support the industry and Scottish government to evolve to meet future challenges.

FAS One to One 2022/23 delivery to Jan 2023:
	Reports Complete												Total in 2022/23
	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sept	Oct	Nov	Dec	Jan	Feb	Mar	Total in 2022/23
ILMP	14	7	2	1	3	3	2	4	7	7			54
Specialist Advice	14	21	11	14	19	12	21	21	27	12			200
Carbon Audits	21	11	20	49	50	57	81	58	43	35			446
Mentoring	2	0	2	2	1	2	2	2	4	3			22

FAS One to Many 2022/23 delivery to Jan 2023:
	Contract Parameters	Business Plan	January 2023	2022/23 YTD	2016 to date
FAS Connect Group Events	250-350	120	8	80	80
FAS Live events		131	22	108	1,305
FAS Webinars		44	5	30	1,305
Publications	250-350	298	23	208	1,374
Videos	100-200	159	9	126	644
Podcasts &Audio	80-120	90	7	71	277
Tools		13	2	5	40
Event Participants			764	3,910	29,594
Video Views			21,326	308,988	1,203,661
Podcast Listens			2,745	24,128	75,826
Publication Downloads			22,982	254,028	755,585
Website Views			122,130	1,357,413	4,809,115
Advice Line Enquiries			140	843	8,760

From April 2022 to January 2023, there have been just under 4,000 event participants.
More than 97% of those completing a post-event feedback form rate the overall quality and relevance of the event as ‘excellent’ or ‘very satisfactory’.
Additionally, more than 90% of the feedback forms note that the attendee will implement changes to their farm/croft management because of information gained at the event.

Farming for a Better Climate Year 2022/23

Farming for a Better Climate (FFBC) has generated engagement from the sector through:

FFBC received over 40,400 webpage visits and more than 203,000 page views. Page visits count the number of sessions per visitor, so the 40,400 visitors to Farming for a Better Climate have looked at over 203,000 pages, suggesting that visitors to the Farming for a Better Climate webpages find the content engaging.
The FFBC newsletter has 430 subscribers, a 15% increase and has an open rate of 32 – 39.1% (sector average is 40%)
Four podcasts were produced with 350 listens. There were an additional 389 listens of podcasts produced in previous years.
Two new videos were produced with 354 views. There were an additional 1,560 views of videos produced in previous years.
Three roadshows were held across Scotland focusing on nutrient use and energy, with a look at economics going forward:
- 5 Dec in Stirling, 25 attendees
- 7 Dec in Larkhall, 37 attendees
- 26 Jan in Inverurie, 28 attendees
- A webinar is planned for 13 March 2023
An open event at Backboath Farm (one of the Soil Regenerative Agriculture Group farmers) had around 100 participants:
- 70% were aware of FFBC before attending the event
- 75% rated the event as either excellent or very good, with 25% rating the event as good.
- 74% said they would make a change to current farming practices as a result of this event
- 89% wished to be added to the FFBC newsletter
There were over 3600 downloads of the over 240 downloadable practical guides, case studies and information notes held on the webpages.
Seven new Practical Guides were produced and updates were made to eight guides and one case study
The website is currently being updated to modernise the webpages and improve the ease of use and capability of the pages.

Policy Outcome: 3

Indicator: Use of Nitrogen fertilisers

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on trend

Most recent data: 2021

Data source(s): British survey of fertiliser practice (BSPF) 2021, BSFP Table 2.7

Assessment: On track

Commentary:

This data shows that from 2000, the use of nitrogen fertilisers has decreased overall, with some fluctuation.

Nitrogen use decreased between 2002 and 2007, then remained largely stable until 2012 when it began to increase. Since 2017, there has been a downward trend from 157 kt total nitrogen use in 2017 to an estimated 135 kt total nitrogen use in 2021. This is an increase from 131 kt in 2020, but is lower than in 2019 (150 kt).

Total nitrogen use (kt), Scotland 2000 to 2021
2000	150
2001	180
2002	187
2003	170
2004	150
2005	150
2006	153
2007	126
2008	127
2009	124
2010	127
2011	124
2012	125
2013	139
2014	151
2015	155
2016	155
2017	157
2018	147
2019	150
2020	131
2021e	135

fertiliser consumption (nitrogen (kt)) in a blue line, for the harvest years starting from 2000 to 2021. Data for 2021 are provisional

Note: Years are harvest rather than calendar years (e.g. 2021 refers to the 2020/21 cropping years, fertiliser consumption period July to June). Data for 2021 are provisional.

Policy Outcome: 3

Indicator: Spreading precision of Nitrogen fertilisers.

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on trend

Most recent data: 2021

Data source(s): British survey of fertiliser practice (BSPF) 2021, Table B2.1

Assessment: On track

Commentary:

This data shows that from 2000, the overall application rates of nitrogen fertilisers have decreased, with some fluctuation.

The trend shows that the overall nitrogen application rates decreased from 118 kg/ha in 2000 to 77 kg/ha in 2021. This is an increase from 73 kg/ha in 2020, but is lower than in 2019 (82 kg/ha).

Total overall nitrogen application rates (kg/ha), Scotland 2000 to 2021
2000	118
2001	127
2002	119
2003	114
2004	107
2005	102
2006	98
2007	89
2008	81
2009	84
2010	80
2011	79
2012	79
2013	87
2014	87
2015	89
2016	86
2017	86
2018	85
2019	82
2020	73
2021	77

showing the total overall nitrogen application rates (kg/ha) for Scotland from 2000 to 2021

Policy Outcome: 3

Indicator: Nitrogen use efficiency for crop production.

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on trend

Most recent data: 2019

Data source(s): Scottish Nitrogen Balance Sheet (SNBS) which was published on 15 December 2021

Assessment: Too early to say (baselining)

Crop production NUE for Scotland (all data 2019, except for N deposition which is 2018)

Inputs to arable land	kt N
mineral fertiliser	62.1
slurry/manure	17.8
atmospheric N deposition	4.0
seeds (sowing/planting)	1.7
digestate (non-crop/crop waste feedstocks only)	1.7
Biological N fixation (BNF) by arable crops	1.6
sewage sludge	1.2
Compost	0.9
total N inputs	90.2

Useful outputs	kt N
Food crops (inc. human-edible crops that end up as livestock feed, seed materials or biomass)	56.3
Fodder crops harvested (turnips, kale etc.)	1.9
total N outputs	58.2

Recycling terms (not included in either inputs or outputs for the purpose of this NUE calculation): digestate (non-crop/crop waste feedstocks only)

NUE = 65%

Commentary:

Following the publication in December 2021 of the Scottish Nitrogen Balance Sheet (SNBS), we have committed to review and update the SNBS on an annual basis from 2023 onwards, helping us to keep track of progress in improving the use of nitrogen. The next SNBS is expected to be published May 2023.

Crop production underpins much of wider food production, which in turn is the main engine of overall national nitrogen use in Scotland. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) is an important summary indicator metric that can be calculated from the comprehensive dataset on nitrogen flows assembled in the SNBS.

It is important to note that NUE in arable production inherently varies depending on farm type/systems, management, environmental conditions (soils, climate), etc. While good management can reduce losses, in practice some losses are inevitable due to continuous nitrogen transformation processes in soils and leaching. As such, crop production NUE values between 50-90% can generally be considered desirable but there is no simple one size fits all “good value.”

Policy Outcome: 4

Indicator: Time taken from birth to slaughter and increased efficiency through improved health and reduced losses.

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on Trend

Most recent data: 2022

Data source(s): Cattle Tracing Scheme, analysis by SRUC

Assessment: On Track

Average age of prime animal slaughter by farm type, Scotland 2015 to 2022
All	Mean Age (months)	Number of Animals
2015	22.89	363,127
2016	22.52	371,308
2017	22.41	360,367
2018	22.37	354,308
2019	22.39	356,507
2020	22.17	352,635
2021	21.90	346,825
2022	21.96	344,194
Beef	Mean Age (months)	Number of Animals
2015	21.86	150,699
2016	21.56	156,265
2017	21.41	147,736
2018	21.37	139,691
2019	21.43	145,925
2020	21.31	144,469
2021	21.10	144,405
2022	21.08	129,351
Dairy
2015	22.35	17,345
2016	22.16	17,316
2017	22.12	14,214
2018	22.41	12,145
2019	21.98	12,386
2020	22.10	10,649
2021	21.95	8,811
2022	22.24	9,156
Finisher
2015	23.73	176,864
2016	23.32	183,390
2017	23.15	182,712
2018	23.11	185,505
2019	23.13	182,408
2020	22.81	183,307
2021	22.48	182,470
2022	22.47	190,481
Trader
2015	23.71	14,837
2016	22.75	10,794
2017	23.29	11,181
2018	22.01	12,458
2019	22.63	11,682
2020	22.39	11,023
2021	22.16	8,615
2022	22.63	11,516
Grower
2015	24.53	3,382
2016	24.78	3,543
2017	23.63	4,524
2018	23.56	4,509
2019	23.94	4,106
2020	24.16	3,187
2021	24.00	2,524
2022	23.58	3,690

Commentary:

The average age of prime animal slaughter has shown a downward trend for all farm types between 2015 and 2022. In the most recent year, there was a small increase overall and for dairy and trader specifically, while the other farm types showed a decrease. Overall the trend is still downwards over the reported period.

We expect this to continue to reduce towards around 18 months. However, as most calves are spring born, we do not expect the whole industry to shift to an 18-month age of slaughter and so we expect the mean age of slaughter to remain above 18 months.

Policy Outcome: 5

Indicator: Improvement in covered slurry storage

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on trend

Most recent data: 2016

Data source(s): Farm Structure Survey 2016

Assessment: On track

Manure and slurry storage, Scotland 2013
All holdings with storage-number of holdings	All holdings with storage-percentage of all holdings	All holdings with storage of which are covered -number of holdings	All holdings with storage of which are covered - as a percentage of holdings with storage
Storage of solid dung	8,963	27.1	1,253	12.7
Storage facilities for slurry	3,838	12	2,354	61.3
Storage facilities for slurry in a tank	3,487	10.5
Storage facilities for slurry in a lagoon	641	1.9
Total	9,882	29.8	8,482	85.8

Note: Sum of sub-categories do not equal base figure as holdings may employ more than one form of storage

Manure and slurry storage, Scotland 2016
All holdings with storage-number of holdings	All holdings with storage-percentage of all holdings	All holdings with storage of which are covered -number of holdings	All holdings with storage of which are covered - as a percentage of holdings with storage
Storage of solid dung	6,178	19.2	720	11.7
Storage facilities for slurry	3,007	9.3	1,872	62.3
Storage facilities for slurry in a tank	2,739	8.5
Storage facilities for slurry in a lagoon	571	1.8
Total	7,161	22,2	6,204	86.6

Note: Sum of sub-categories do not equal base figure as holdings may employ more than one form of storage

Commentary:

The data show a small overall increase in the percentage of holdings with covered slurry stores between 2013 (85.8%) and 2016 (86.6%).

We expect the percentage of slurry stores that are covered to continue to increase over time. This is likely to increase at a similar rate to that of the change between 2013 and 2016 due to the significant investment required to cover slurry stores or build new slurry stores with covers.

This data was gathered as part of the Scottish Survey of Farm Structure and Methods in 2016. Data on the storage and use of slurry and manure will be collected as part of the 2023 June Agricultural Survey and will be published in late 2023.

The Sustainable Agricultural Capital Grants Scheme (SACGS) 2022 focused on providing support for low emission slurry spreading equipment and slurry store covers that are proven to reduce harmful ammonia emissions and reduce adverse impacts on water quality resulting from the storage and spreading of livestock slurry and digestate. 554 offers worth £4.60m, were accepted by the deadline of 26 July 2022.

There is also funding available through the Agri-Environment Climate Scheme (AECS) for slurry stores and between 2015 and 2022, 196 contracts for slurry stores through AECS have been accepted since 2015 with a total value of £7.3 million.

In addition, in 2023 the ATF budget which underpins SACGS is being used to provide an extension of support for slurry storage across Scotland (except in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) which have previously been supported to meet regulatory requirements). This will be administered through AECS.

Policy Outcome: 5

Indicator: Precision application of manure and slurry

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on trend

Most recent data: 2016

Data source(s): Farm Structure Survey 2016

Assessment: Too early to say (baselining)

Commentary:

Method of manure and slurry application by tonnage, Scotland 2016

	2016
holdings		tonnes
Broadcast
Ploughed in or injected within four hours	920	385,842
ploughed in after four hours	5,146	2,117,346
Not ploughed in or injected	4,957	9,322,483
Bandspread
Trailing hose	550	4,178,295
Trailing shoe	294	602,161
Injection
Shallow/open slot	63	576,821
Deep/closed slot	11	31,043
Total applied	9,246	17,213,991

Policy Outcome: 6

Indicator: Area of woodland on agricultural land.

On-track Assessment (Milestones/Targets): Based on trend

Most recent data: 2021

Data source(s): Forestry Statistics 2022 Table 1.12

Assessment: On track

Commentary:

The area of farm woodland in Scotland increased between 2012 and 2021. The area of farm woodland in Scotland increased from 445 thousand hectares (ha) to 550 thousand ha over the period 2012 – 2021.

Area of farm woodland, Scotland 2012 to 2021 (thousand hectares)
2012	445
2013	467
2014	479
2015	524
2016	502
2017	560
2018	532
2019	529
2020	546
2021	550

the area of farm woodland in thousands of hectares from 2012 to 2021

Part C - Information on implementation of individual policies

Outcome 1: A more productive, sustainable agriculture sector that significantly contributes towards delivering Scotland’s climate change, and wider environmental, outcomes through an increased uptake of climate mitigation measures by farmers, crofters, land managers and other primary food producers

Policy

Scale up the Agricultural Transformation Programme across all the policies, including monitoring to assess the effectiveness of the pilot Sustainable Agricultural Capital Grant Scheme that will enable farmers and crofters to purchase equipment that should assist in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, and support practice change

Date announced

2019-2020 PfG

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Preparing for Sustainable Farming (PSF) under the National Test Programme (NTP) launched in Spring 2022. Central to this track is the provision of funding for conducting Carbon Audits, Soil Sampling Testing and support for Animal Health and Welfare (AHW). Testing Actions for Sustainable Farming (TASF) will design, test, improve and standardise the tools, support and process necessary to reward farmers, crofters and land managers for the climate and biodiversity outcomes they deliver. It began in July 2022 with a survey to test awareness, attitudes, and outcomes in sector. Over three years (until 2025) the NTP will deliver Scottish Government investment of up to £51 million.

The NTP sits in the wider context of the agricultural transformation to support farmers and crofters to transition from the EU CAP regime to a future rural support mechanism which will deliver our Vision for Agriculture that was published March 2022.

To deliver the ambitions set out in that vision, we announced an Agricultural Reform route map on 10 February 2023 which sets out the timescales to share more information with farmers, crofters, and landowners to help them plan and prepare for changes which will come into force from 2025.

The route map provides greater clarity and confidence to the agriculture industry on key dates, the measures being considered and the support that will be available to prepare for change. It provides a clear set of programme dates to explain when current schemes will transition or end and when more guidance, support and information will be available.

The Agriculture Reform Implementation Oversight Board (ARIOB) continues to support the implementation of policy reform, incorporating the relevant recommendations from the farmer-led groups to cut emissions across agriculture, support the production of sustainable, high-quality food, address the twin crises of climate and nature/loss of biodiversity, and design a new system and approach.

The Board are an example of the Scottish Government’s commitment to co-development, having contributed to the development of a new agricultural support system and continue to feedback on the development of future agricultural policy overall.

The Sustainable Agricultural Capital Grant Scheme (SACGS) 2022, which is part of the wider agricultural transformation intentions, was focussed on support for low emission slurry spreading equipment and slurry store covers to help farmers, crofters and agricultural contractors comply with new regulatory requirements reducing harmful ammonia emissions and adverse impacts on water quality resulting from the storage and spreading of livestock slurry and digestate.

Applicants for SACGS 2022 were required to get a Carbon Audit and/or a Nutrient Management Plan (based on soil analysis) by the time their claim is submitted. 554 offers worth £4.60 m, were accepted by the deadline of 26 July 2022.

Following reports of difficulties in some places in securing equipment the deadline for claims was extended to 31 March 2023.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The NTP will run until 2025.

It will increase awareness of timescales for Agricultural Reform via promotions throughout 2023.

A new Agriculture Bill is to be introduced to Parliament in 2023 and the Scottish Government aims to publish a report on the findings of the Agriculture Bill consultation in Spring 2023.

Initial evaluation of successful SACGS applicants from the pilot project is intended to be undertaken in 2023.

In 2023 the ATF budget which underpins SACGS is being used to provide an extension of support for slurry storage across Scotland (except in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) which have previously been supported to meet regulatory requirements). This will be administered through AECS.

Policy

Develop rural support policy to enable, encourage and where appropriate, require the shift to low carbon, sustainable farming through emissions reduction, sustainable food production, improving biodiversity, planting biomass crops and appropriate land use change developed in line with just transition principles.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

The ARIOB was established to support the implementation of policy reform, incorporating the relevant recommendations from the farmer-led groups to cut emissions across agriculture, support the production of sustainable, high-quality food, address the twin crises of climate and nature/loss of biodiversity, and design a new system and approach.

Since Spring 2022 through the PSF, we have been offering farmers and crofters the ability to claim funding towards carbon audits and soil analysis to improve their knowledge of current environmental performance and improve efficiency. Overall claim levels have been lower this year than initially anticipated, but there was a late surge of claims in the final days before the closing date. This reflects the customer claim behaviour seen with other schemes. Anecdotal feedback is that more farmers and crofters are engaging for the 2023 scheme year, and we will build on this foundation year to increase awareness and uptake.

The PSF has been updated to include a package of animal health and welfare (AHW) interventions to help farmers improve sheep and cattle efficiency. Instigated in March 2022 and co-designed with ARIOB and industry experts, it was launched 10 February 2023. The AHW interventions will be available until 31 December 2024, with claims system open until 28 February 2025.

TASF began in July 2022 with a survey to test awareness, attitudes and outcomes in sector is a national pilot to develop and test actions that may become a requirement of direct support from 2025 onwards. It resulted in this report.

We have committed to publish a draft Land Use and Agriculture Just Transition Plan (LAJTP) alongside the new Climate Change Plan in November 2023. Work is underway to develop this Plan. As this will be the first Just Transition Plan for the land use and agriculture sectors, it will introduce, consult on, and outline our approach and policy actions, setting the direction of travel for future LAJTP plans as we journey towards 2045.

Timeframe and expected next steps

A new Agriculture Bill is to be introduced to Parliament in 2023 and the Scottish Government aims to publish a report on the findings of the Agriculture Bill consultation in Spring 2023

The NTP will run until 2025

February-March 2023 Promotion of the AHW interventions to farmers, crofters, vets, and agricultural consultants Will increase awareness of timescales for Agricultural Reform via promotions throughout 2023.

Policy

Develop new schemes and approaches to support low carbon, sustainable farming, including through the Programme Board for the Beef

Suckler Climate Group, other farmer-led groups on arable, dairy and high value, nature farming and crofting which will report in 2021.

Date announced

2020-2021 PfG and Agriscot 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

PSF launched in Spring 2022. While the TASF began in July 2022. Over three years (until 2025) the NTP will deliver Scottish Government investment of up to £51 million.

Under PSF, we have been offering farmers and crofters the ability to claim funding towards carbon audits and soil analysis. Overall claim levels have been lower this year than initially anticipated, but there was a late surge of claims in the final days before the closing date. Anecdotal feedback is that more farmers and crofters are engaging for the 2023 scheme year, and we will build on this foundation year to increase awareness and uptake.

The PSF has been updated to include AHW interventions to help farmers improve sheep and cattle efficiency. Instigated in March 2022 and co-designed with ARIOB and industry experts, it was launched 10 February 2023. The AHW interventions will be available until 31 December 2024, with claims system open until 28 February 2025.

We have committed £285 million through the Agri-Environment Climate Scheme (AECS) since 2015. As set out in the Agricultural Reform Route Map published by the Scottish Government on 10 February 2023, once the Enhanced tier of the future agricultural support framework is established, the Elective and Complementary Support elements will be delivered from 2027 and may build on current schemes such as AECS.

The SACGS 2022, which is part of the wider agricultural transformation intentions, was focussed on support for low emission slurry spreading equipment and slurry store covers to help farmers, crofters and agricultural contractors comply with new regulatory requirements reducing harmful ammonia emissions and adverse impacts on water quality resulting from the storage and spreading of livestock slurry and digestate.

554 offers worth £4.60 million, were accepted by the SACGS 2022 deadline of 26 July 2022.

Following reports of difficulties in some places in securing equipment, the deadline for claims was extended to 31 March 2023.

The Farming with Nature programme is a suite of partnership pilot projects led by NatureScot to test natural capital and outcomes-based approaches to land use at a variety of scales. The pilots will inform the development of future support and enables the testing of innovative approaches to natural capital investment and how that might support business resilience, job creation, quality food production and Scotland’s response to climate change and biodiversity priorities.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The NTP will run till 2025 and we will increase awareness of timescales for Agricultural Reform via promotions throughout 2023.

The 2023 round of AECS opened on 20 January 2023.

Initial evaluation of successful SACGS applicants from the pilot project is intended to be undertaken in 2023.

There will be no SACGS round offered in 2023. The ATF budget which underpins SACGS is being used to provide an extension of support for slurry storage across Scotland (except in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) which have previously been supported to meet regulatory requirements). This will be administered through AECS.

Policy

Introduce Environmental Conditionality, from 2021 via implementation of the Beef Suckler Climate Report and, more widely from 2022, through the review of existing CAP Greening which will extend the requirements to all farmers and crofters to undertake environmental actions.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

PSF launched in Spring 2022. While the TASF began in July 2022. Over three years (until 2025) the NTP will deliver Scottish Government investment of up to £51 million.

To deliver the ambitions set out in that vision, we announced an agricultural reform route map on 10 February 2023 which sets out the timescales to share more information with farmers, crofters, and landowners to help them plan and prepare for changes which will come into force from 2025.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The NTP will run till 2025 and we will increase awareness of timescales for agricultural reform via promotions throughout 2023.

Policy

Further provision of advice for farmers and crofters who wish to retire: A new commitment to work with stakeholders to provide advice, including further extending the Land Matching Service and guidance for farmers and crofters who wish to step back from agricultural businesses by providing an opportunity to consider alternative land-uses or alternative agricultural uses

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

The Scottish Land Matching Service (SLMS) has sought engagement from a range of stakeholders including the James Hutton Institute, Scottish Land Trust, the Soil Association, North East National Farmers Union Scotland, Scottish Crofting Federation, Tenant Farming Commissioner, Farm Advisory Service (FAS) and the Scottish Agricultural Arbiters & Valuers Association. The SLMS team are working hard to ensure the crofting counties are being further supported and aware of the service by linking up with the Crofting Commission. SLMS advisors have also been attending FAS events to speak to farmer/crofters on issues of succession and joint ventures. The SLMS website is also being promoted by the FAS Programme.

The total number of enquiries stands at 553 since the service launched in October 2019.
Of the 18 enquires received 14 were from seekers of opportunities and 4 were from potential providers.
1 additional agreement concluded since December 2022. (26 in Total).

Timeframe and expected next steps

In 2023, we will continue to evaluate and consider how we can further develop the SLMS.

Outcome 2: More farmers, crofters, land managers and other primary food producers are aware of the benefits and practicalities of cost effective climate mitigation measures.

Policy

The dissemination of information and advice on climate change mitigation measures in agriculture through a range of communication methods utilising technology and all media to best effect.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

The FAS has continued to offer easy access, up to date and relevant climate change mitigation knowledge and information (for example on improve biodiversity; increase awareness of habitat and carbon sequestration benefits of woodland planting; promote climate change adaptation and mitigation opportunities; improve business management and efficiency; encourage inclusivity by supporting new entrants and women in agriculture; and helping to support the industry and Scottish Government to evolve to meet future challenges) to all farmers and crofters through a network of advisory centres, online resources and a telephone advice facility.

Since 2016, the programme delivered produced 1,374 publications, 664 videos, 277 podcasts and 40 online tools, as well as 1,374 events and across the board we would conservatively estimate that more than 50% of this activity will be around climate change adaptation and mitigation support. Event attendees highlighted an improved knowledge of climate change, improved soil/nutrient management, and improved knowledge of environmental issues and opportunities.

In terms of FAS one to one support since 2016 they have delivered Carbon Audits to over 2,000. A number of specialist advice outputs covering precision farming and nitrogen use have been undertaken under this FAS programme including: 23% improved farm efficiency, 12% woodland management and conservation, 11% biodiversity habitat landscape management, 4% climate change adaptation and mitigation, 3% on organics, 16% on soil and nutrient management.

Officials and the FAS suppliers have been concerting efforts to improve communications. This has involved regular interaction with existing, new stakeholders and SG departments to ensure communications are consistent, accurate and up to date.

Farming for a Better Climate (FFBC), is a Scottish Government funded initiative, run by SAC Consulting and continues to provide a key source of information and support for Scottish farmers to encourage the uptake of climate mitigation and adaptation measures. FFBC continues to promote practical and cost-effective climate change mitigation and adaptation measures to farmers and land managers. Messages are promoted via a project webpage, social media accounts, a regular podcast and other press and promotional material as well as a series of roadshow events over the last year focused on nutrient use and energy.

Farming for a Better Climate Soil Regenerative Agriculture Group continues to focus on positive actions that can be taken on Scottish farms to support, enhance and protect their soils.

We continue to communicate, educate, and demonstrate the benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures with peer-to-peer engagement through initiatives like the Agriculture, Biodiversity and Climate Change (ABCC) Network and the Integrating Tree Network (ITN).

The Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Practical Training Fund was established in February 2022 and was supported by Scottish Government who provided funding of up to £250,000 to Lantra Scotland to administer the Fund. The Fund aimed to contribute to Scotland gaining the skillset to become a global leader in sustainable and regenerative practices. The Fund was open to applications from people (aged over 13 years old) who were part of a land/ nature based industry, re-training to enter a relevant land based sector or seeking the skills to join a sector in the future. This included those working in agriculture, crofting, wildlife management, environmental conservation, equine, horticulture, land-based engineering, and forestry. Lantra Scotland utilised the Skillseeder platform so people could access information on the range of eligible training courses and apply online. This Fund is closed at this time.

Timeframe and expected next steps

Scottish Government have procured another year of the FAS to run April 2023 to March 2024. It will be reframed to focus further on climate change and support farmers to contribute further to both mitigation and adaptation. It is envisaged that new FAS contracts will be procured in 2023/2024 for delivery up to and including 2026/27.

We have also extended FFBC for a further two years until end of March 2025.

Policy

An agri-tech group will be established to share, disseminate and encourage adoption of advances in agricultural science and technology as widely as possible.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Completed

The agri-tech group has concluded and engagement with industry on agricultural science and technology has continued through the farmer led groups, ARIOB and the NTP.

Policy

Launch a new and expanded peer to peer knowledge transfer initiative based on the success of our Young Climate Change Champions work.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Completed

The ABCC Network was launched in June 2022.

Policy

Realign and enhance our established programmes and initiatives such as the Farm Advisory Service, the Knowledge Transfer and Innovation Fund and Monitor Farm Programme to create a more cohesive approach to ensure advice and support is focussed on helping industry to professionalise to support sustainable farming.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

The Knowledge Transfer and Innovation Fund (KTIF) continued to deliver skills development and knowledge transfer in the primary agricultural sector. The most recent round of KTIF funding was for projects which focus on promoting resource efficiency and support the shift toward a low-carbon and climate resilient economy in the agriculture sector and/or aim to restore, preserve and enhance ecosystems in the sector.

Since 2015, Scottish Government has supported 45 projects under KTIF to a tune of approximately £7.5 million. The Fund has supported just under 20 different organisations and in 2021 the knowledge transfer-based projects alone ran training events which had a total attendance of over 1,500.

Five years of additional funding for the Monitor Farm Programme was announced in February 2022 (to a sum of £1.9M over a five year period). Officials are currently considering a business case for a new Monitor Farm Programme where there will be an element of Continuous Professional Development and qualifications for each participating farm. One of which includes the development of a ‘marketing plan’ for each monitor farm which will guide ambition and business decisions over the lifespan of the business. This was a key recommendation of the Suckler Beef Climate Group. In light of the climate change emergency and biodiversity crisis, officials and Quality Meat Scotland have been working together to ensure the programme delivers outcomes aligned to priorities. This will involve detailed data collection, and enhancing the knowledge, skills, and competence of the industry through collaborative industry buy-in. In particular the programme is expected to provide the information that is essential for driving Scotland’s food and drink sector forward, through strengthening rural economies and meeting Scotland’s climate change targets.

FFBC continues to promote practical and cost-effective climate change mitigation and adaptation measures to farmers and land managers. Messages are promoted via a project webpage, social media accounts, a regular podcast and other press and promotional material as well as a series of roadshow events over the last year focused on nutrient use and energy.

The farmer-led soil regenerative agriculture network continues to focus on positive actions that can be taken on Scottish farms to support, enhance and protect their soils.

We continue to communicate, educate, and demonstrate the benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures through initiatives like the ABCC Network and the ITN.

Timeframe and expected next steps

A further application window for KTIF will open in February 2023 which will accept project applications up to a value of £200K for both innovation and knowledge transfer-based projects ending in March 2024. The funding window will accept applications focusing on any of the rural priorities under KTIF including: fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in agriculture, forestry and rural areas;

enhancing the viability and competitiveness of all types of agriculture, and promoting innovative farm technologies and sustainable forest management;
promoting food chain organisation, animal welfare and risk management in agriculture;
promoting resource efficiency and supporting the shift toward a low-carbon and climate resilient economy in the agriculture, food and forestry sectors; and
restoring, preserving and enhancing ecosystems related to agriculture and forestry.

We have also extended FFBC for a further two years until end of March 2025.

Policy

Carbon Audits: in 2018, we will consult on how best to ensure maximum take up of carbon audits and how to enable tenant farmers and crofters in particular to benefit.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Under the PSF farmers and crofters can claim funding towards carbon audits to improve their knowledge of current environmental performance and improve efficiency. Uptake in 2022 has been slower than expected but with 428 funded under PSF in the first year, we will build on this by raising awareness of the opportunity and benefits it creates for the environment.

Timeframe and expected next steps

PSF continues to be open for claims during 2023

Policy

We will explore with stakeholders, including the Scottish Tenant Farmers Association and the Tenant Farming Commissioner, how best to engage tenant farmers to increase understanding of the environmental and economic benefits of low carbon farming.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Scottish Forestry, in partnership with the Scottish Tenant Farmers Association (STFA) and a Crown Estate Scotland (CES) tenant, has produced a woodland creation financial analysis, including the woodland carbon code, based on full rotations of different forestry types. The “Helping tenant farmers grow trees for their business” output was part of the Tenant and Trees group and was highlighted in an edition of STFA magazine.

Scottish Forestry have taken on the work of the Tenants and Trees group from CES and continue to co-ordination discussions involving stakeholders. They also work closely with the Tenant Farming Commissioner on this topic via the Tenant Farming Advisory Forum (TFAF).

The Small Farm Grant Scheme is now closed. A Small Producers Pilot Fund is currently being developed in partnership between the Scottish Government and members of the Small Producers Pilot Steering Group. The Group’s work will also include consideration on the range of climate change related activities which could be undertaken by small holders.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The partnership with Scottish Forestry, STFA and CES tenant and the Tenants and Trees group will continue in 2023.

Policy

Marketing scheme:

Determine the feasibility of a Low Carbon Farming marketing scheme.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

We funded research, through the Scottish Agricultural Organisation Society, to consider the development of a consistent country brand marketing proposition which found that using collective marketing would be beneficial. Scotland Food and Drink are leading a programme of work on the development of a “Naturally Scottish” brand which will capitalise on the high sustainability and quality assurance standards that we have within Scotland. This is expected to be launched in summer 2023 and will initially focus on business-to-business market.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The “Naturally Scottish” brand campaign is expected to be launched summer 2023.

Outcome 3: Nitrogen emissions, including from nitrogen fertiliser, will have fallen through a combination of improved understanding, efficiencies and improved soil condition

Policy

Communicate and demonstrate the benefits of precision farming and nitrogen use efficiency in order to achieve a reduction in GHG emissions.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Since 2016, the FAS programme delivered produced 1,374 publications, 664 videos, 277 podcasts and 40 online tools, as well as 1,374 events and across the board we would conservatively estimate that more than 50% of this activity will be around climate change adaptation and mitigation support. Event attendees highlighted an improved knowledge of climate change, improved soil/nutrient management, and improved knowledge of environmental issues and opportunities.

FFBC continues to provide a key source of information and support for Scottish farmers and crofters to encourage the uptake of climate mitigation and adaptation measures. The FFBC website includes a range of additional materials that supports farmers and crofters to take action in this area including a page on Soils, Fertilisers And Manures and a podcast episode on ‘The benefits of reduced tillage.’

The FFBC Soil Regenerative Agriculture Group continue to work together to establish how best to support, enhance and protect their farm soils. Their actions cover several measures which support nitrogen use efficiency for example, use grass leys, cover crops and reduced tillage or no tillage to reduce loss of soil organic matter, and improving soil structure which reduces run off and loss of nitrogen.

Regulations came into force from 1 January 2022 to consolidate the Silage Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil (Scotland) Regulations 2003 into The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations 2011. Guidance and advice are provided to farmers through the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and Farming and Water Scotland, an initiative funded by Scottish Government.

The Scottish Nitrogen Balance Sheet (SNBS) will be reviewed and updated on an annual basis from 2023 onwards. After each such round of review, an updated version of the Balance Sheet dataset will be published, with an accompanying report setting out assessments of progress towards relevant on-the-ground actions to improve the use of nitrogen and identification of opportunities for further improvements in future.

Timeframe and expected next steps

We have also extended FFBC for a further two years until end of March 2023.

The next update to the SNBS is currently planned for May 2023.

Policy

Work with the agriculture and science sectors regarding the feasibility and development of a SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time bound) target for reducing Scotland’s emissions from nitrogen fertiliser.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Through the ClimateXChange, we are funding research to explore the potential for a nitrogen use efficiency target for agriculture in Scotland. The project is expected to report in Autumn 2023.

The SNBS will be reviewed and updated on an annual basis from 2023 onwards. After each such round of review, an updated version of the Balance Sheet dataset will be published.

Under PSF we have been offering farmers and crofters the ability to claim funding towards carbon audits and soil analysis. Overall claim levels have been lower this year than initially anticipated, but there was a late surge of claims in the final days before the closing date. Anecdotal feedback is that more farmers and crofters are engaging for the 2023 scheme year, and we will build on this foundation year to increase awareness and uptake.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The next update to the SNBS is currently planned for May 2023.

Policy

From 2018 we expect farmers to test the soil on all improved land every five or six years, and we will work with them to establish how best to achieve this.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Under PSF we have been offering farmers and crofters the ability to claim funding towards oil analysis. Overall claim levels have been lower this year than initially anticipated, but there was a late surge of claims in the final days before the closing date. Anecdotal feedback is that more farmers and crofters are engaging for the 2023 scheme year, and we will build on this foundation year to increase awareness and uptake.

Timeframe and expected next steps

PSF continues to be open for claims during 2023

Policy

Investigate the benefits and barriers of leguminous crops in rotation.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Research on The potential for leguminous crops in Scotland was published in January 2021.

The environment, food and rural affairs Strategic Research Programme 2022-2027 has two projects which will consider legumes:

The Impact of Novel Crops and Farming Technologies on the Scottish Agricultural Landscape
Crop Improvement for Sustainable production in a Changing Environment

A survey was conducted under the NTP on the topic of rotate crops to build nutrients and soil structure. Initial results have identified the majority of farms say that they either regularly or occasionally rotate crops to build nutrients and soil structure.

Several measures related to the use of legumes in the rotation are being considered as part of the Agricultural Reform Programme (ARP), including ‘Efficient/reduced use of inorganic fertilisers and lime’ and ‘Use of N fixing crops.’

Timeframe and expected next steps

The research projects will run until March 2027.

The new framework for agricultural support is expected to be phased in from 2025.

Policy

Crop varieties with improved nitrogen-use efficiency.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

The environment, food and rural affairs Strategic Research Programme 2022-2027 has two projects which will consider nitrogen:

Exploring Barley Diversity for resilience and sustainability
The Impact of Novel Crops and Farming Technologies on the Scottish Agricultural Landscape

Timeframe and expected next steps

The research projects will run until March 2027.

Outcome 4: Reduced emissions from red meat and dairy through improved emissions intensity

Policy

Commission and publish a report into the establishment of emissions intensity figures for beef, lamb and milk.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

COMPLETE

ClimateXChange published “Emission intensity of Scottish agricultural commodities” in August 2018

Policy

Work with Quality Meat Scotland, ScotEID and livestock producers to encourage improved emissions intensity through genotyping, improving fertility, reducing animal mortality and improving on farm management practices.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

In December 2022 SAOS, supported by the Scottish Government, launched the MyHerdStats tool. MyHerdStats provides cattle keepers in Scotland with access to cattle performance indicators including:

Calving intervals
Age at first calving
Replacement rates
Youngstock sales

MyHerdStats offers an opportunity to provide insight to those performance indicators whilst helping to quantify positive change over time. Informed and data led management decisions will improve technical performance and could play a role in continued support payments. Since the launch of MyHerdStats in December 2022 to mid-February 2023 there were 1,258 unique visits to the website.

As part of the Agricultural Reform route map announced on 10 February 2023, we published details on broad areas of interest for future enhanced support measures of future agricultural support as part of the Agricultural Reform Program (ARP). This has included the addition of measures which support livestock farmers and crofters to undertake best practice in areas of livestock health, breeding, and nutrition.

The Animal health and Welfare Livestock strategy 2016 – 2021 review is currently delayed. This is now due to be published in 2023 with a new five-year strategy published in collaboration with industry.

Timeframe and expected next steps

Next stage of project with SAOS to take place over 2023. Scottish Government working with SAOS to explore establishment of MyHerdStats stakeholder group to discuss exposing aspirational benchmarking targets through MyHerdStats tool.

Policy

Determine the practicality of establishing a SMART target for reduction in the intensity of emissions for beef, sheep and dairy sectors.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Under the NTP we are working with a cohort of beef farms to understand the impact on productivity of improved data capture technology combined with specialist advice.

This will be complimented with activity under the NTP to work with farmers in all sectors to test how farmers will respond to actions aimed at delivering positive outcomes with regard to emissions reduction.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The NTP will run till 2025 and we will increase awareness of timescales for agricultural reform via promotions throughout 2023.

Policy

Consult in 2018 to determine the nature of livestock health measures that the sector will adopt from 2019.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

This policy has been maintained from the 2018 Climate Change Plan and is ongoing.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The detailed proposals and ideas within the farmer led groups reports continue to be considered as we work to create a new rural support scheme.

Policy

Determine the practicalities and feasibility of using livestock feed additives as a means of reducing emissions.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

At present within Great Britain (GB) there are no authorised feed additives approved for use under the functional group ‘substances which favourably affect the environment.’

Feed additives are regulated products which means that feed additives can only be placed on the market and used in GB if they have been authorised by the GB regulated products process which is jointly managed by Food Standards Scotland (FSS) and Food Standards Agency (FSA). Regulated product applications for the GB market, including feed additives, are now subject to the UK’s own risk analysis process. FSA and FSS received the GB application for the new feed additive 3-NOP in April 2021 (19 months after the EU application) for its use in ruminants for milk production and ruminants for reproduction. The regulated products process consists of the following phases: validation, risk assessment, risk management, public consultation, recommendation, and Ministerial decisions, laying and scrutiny of the instrument on 4 nation basis and can take up to 24 months. FSA and FSS are working to address the numerous factors that affect the progress of applications to ensure the earliest possible authorisation of applications such as 3 NOP’.

Working with DEFRA, NI DAERA and Welsh Government we have undertaken a Call for Evidence (CfE) on the potential of increasing uptake of methane supressing feed additives. A summary response will be published by DEFRA in early to mid-2023.

The draft list of measures (published on 10 February 2023) refers to a broad intention to recognise uptake of methane supressing feed products by livestock farmers as part of future support.

Timeframe and expected next steps

Feed additives awaiting approval for use.

Outcome 5: Reduced emissions from the use and storage of manure and slurry

Policy

Engaging with farmers to explore their support requirements, establish how they can improve the use and storage of manure and slurry, including the potential for cooperatively owned and managed anaerobic digesters.

Date announced

Dec 2020, before CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Guidance and advice (including for the new regulations under Silage Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil (Scotland) Regulations 2003 which came into force 1 January 2022) are provided to farmers through the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and Farming and Water Scotland, an initiative funded by Scottish Government.

554 offers worth £4.60m, were accepted by the SACGS 2022 deadline of 26 July 2022. Following reports of difficulties in some places in securing equipment the deadline for claims was extended to 31 March 2023.

Funding available through AECS in 2023 will provide continued support to improve water quality and help mitigate climate change by ensuring sufficient slurry storage capacity is available on a farm for the equivalent livestock units.

Farmers and crofters can also access advice on improving the use and storage of slurry and silage through FAS and FFBC.

Timeframe and expected next steps

Under the new regulations:

From 1 January 2023: Liquid digestate must now be applied using precision equipment; slurry must not be applied using a raised splash plate or rain gun; slurry must be applied using precision equipment if applied by a contractor and/or on farms with more than 100 milking cows, 200 beef or more that 800 fattening pigs or sows.
From 1 January 2024: Silage and slurry stores built after 1991 (or that were substantially reconstructed or enlarged on or after 1st Sept 1991) and those with planning permission but not yet constructed must be structurally compliant and all liquid digestate stores constructed before 1st January, or where planning permission was granted prior to 1st Jan 2022, must meet requirements within the regulations.
From 1 January 2026: Silage and slurry stores built before 1991 (and not substantially enlarged or reconstructed since 1991) must be fully compliant and slurry stores located outside an NVZ must have capacity to store the total slurry likely to be produced in 26 weeks by housed pigs or 22 weeks by housed cattle by 2026.
From 1 January 2027 all slurry application must be applied using precision equipment.

Initial evaluation of successful SACGS applicants from the pilot project is intended to be undertaken in 2023.

Policy

Investigate the practicalities of livestock grazing in rotation on current arable land.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Completed

The East/West Beed Grazing Collaboration Pilot run by SAOS was supported under the Knowledge Transfer and Innovation Fund to work toward establishing evidence on the financial and environmental value of moving cattle to lower cost natural resources.

The operational group produced case studies showing there are environmental and carbon sequestration benefits, especially where fodder crops are grown and grazed gradually over the winter period. The findings included significant potential fuel savings, that adopting rotational grazing negates the necessity for artificial fertilisers and intensely farming the fields and that it was on the whole a low cost, low carbon system with less reliance on cereals-based diets and greater utilisation of grazing ground both in the summer and winter.

Policy

Conduct a feasibility study for the establishment of manure/ slurry exchange.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

COMPLETED Slurry Storage on Scottish Farms – A Feasibility Study (climatexchange.org.uk)

Policy

Determine how to consistently minimise emissions from slurry storage.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Applicants for SACGS 2022 focused on providing support for low emission slurry spreading equipment and slurry store covers that are proven to reduce harmful ammonia emissions and reduce adverse impacts on water quality resulting from the storage and spreading of livestock slurry and digestate.

Following reports of difficulties in some places in securing equipment the deadline for claims was extended to 31 March 2023.

Support for slurry storage continues to be made available for farmers through AECS.

Have any implementation n indicators / milestones been set for this policy? If so, most recent data for progress against these.

No new indicators

Timeframe and expected next steps

The ATF budget which underpins SACGS is being used to provide an extension of support for slurry storage across Scotland (except in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ) which have previously been supported to meet regulatory requirements).

In 2023, the £5 million Agriculture Transformation Fund (ATF) will extend support for slurry storage. This support, which surpasses the previous targeted support that has been available under AECS, will help the sector meet the regulatory requirements introduced to improve the storage of slurry and digestate on farms.

Policy

Review management of storage and application of organic materials such as silage, slurry and liquid digestate, including what support may be required to ensure best practice.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Guidance and advice (including for the new regulations under Silage Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil (Scotland) Regulations 2003 which came into force 1 January 2022) are provided to farmers through the Scottish Environment Protection Agency and Farming and Water Scotland, an initiative funded by Scottish Government.

Following reports of difficulties in some places in securing equipment the deadline for claims was extended to 31 March 2023.

Support for slurry storage continues to be made available for farmers through AECS.

Timeframe and expected next steps

See above for the timescales for new requirement under these new regulations.

In 2023, the £5 million ATF will extend support for slurry storage. This support, which surpasses the previous targeted support that has been available under AECS, will help the sector meet the regulatory requirements introduced to improve the storage of slurry and digestate on farms.

Scottish Ministers have committed to extending AECS to 2024.

Outcome 6: Carbon sequestration and existing carbon stores on agricultural land have helped to increase and maintain our carbon sink

Policy

Explore with the farming and forestry sectors how best to increase planting of trees and hedgerows which optimise carbon sequestration, including the role of agroforestry.

Date announced

2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

The ITN is a farmer-led initiative which aims to encourage more farmers and crofters to plant trees. This joint Scottish Government and Scottish Forestry initiative has hosted 24 events since March 2021, sharing first hand experiences and providing advice on everything from the practicalities of accessing funding and planting the trees to the multiple business and environmental benefits.

We are currently working with Scottish Forestry’s Trees on Farm group to develop trial specifications for the Forestry Grant Scheme’s (FGS) agroforestry option. These updates are intended to provide more flexibility with a range of approaches available which are expected to focus on:

Productive broadleaves, which includes cattle-proof guards (e.g., cactus guards) allowing cattle to continue to use the land
Biodiversity, integrating native broadleaves into the farming system; and,
Fruit and nut trees

The uptake of agroforestry schemes under this trial will be monitored closely and the lessons learnt will be used to inform the development of future support mechanisms and encourage further uptake of agroforestry.

A public consultation on the Scottish Forestry Grant Scheme is currently open until 17^th May and asks for views on how to help reduce barriers for farmers and crofters wanting to integrate trees into their business.

To deliver our Vision for Agriculture, we announced an agricultural reform route map on 10 February 2023 which also included information on woodland creation support.

Have any implementation indicators / milestones been set for this policy? If so, most recent data for progress against these.

No new indicators

Timeframe and expected next steps

The ITN will continue to host events for farmers and crofters throughout 2023.

The new agroforestry specifications will be available in 2023.

A new Agriculture Bill is to be introduced to Parliament in 2023 and The Scottish Government aims to publish a report on the findings of the Agriculture Bill consultation in Spring 2023.

An analysis of the consultation on the Scottish Forestry Grant Scheme consultation will follow in the summer 2023 and will inform priorities for post-2025 enhancements to the grant scheme

Policy

Investigate the feasibility of payment for carbon sequestration taking into account any existing schemes such as the woodland carbon code as a means of encouraging the uptake of carbon sequestration on farms.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

We know that both public and responsible private investment in Scotland’s natural capital will be essential to meet the pace and scale of the challenge of delivering on our climate change targets and wider land use and environmental objectives.

The 2022 National Strategy for Economic Transformation includes a commitment for a public sector partnership to develop a values-led, high-integrity market for responsible investment in natural capital in Scotland. This commitment was followed by the publication of the 2022 Interim Principles for Responsible Investment in Natural Capital which set out in more detail to market stakeholders the vision for the natural capital market in Scotland.

Across the UK, around half of the current projects registered to the Woodland Carbon Code (WCC) are located in Scotland. Scottish projects make up the significant majority (around 82%) of the total area of projects. A large majority of registrations under the WCC are from farmers or intermediaries where farmers are doing the planting.

Timeframe and expected next steps

The programme is acting to increase investment in the existing Peatland Code and WCC, and also to support the development of new investment mechanisms through an investment readiness fund for Scottish projects. There are also wider UK initiatives such as the Soil Carbon Code which is being developed and piloted with funding support provided by DEFRA’s Natural Environment Investment Readiness Fund (NEIRF).

An analysis of the consultation on the Scottish Forestry Grant Scheme consultation will follow in the summer 2023 and will inform priorities for post-2025 enhancements to the grant scheme

Policy

Increase woodland cover on suitable agricultural land.

Date announced

CCP 2018

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

The integration of woodlands into existing businesses is very much part of the woodland creation picture in Scotland. Over half of the applications to the FGS are for smaller scale woodlands under 20 ha which are typically part of existing agricultural business.

To deliver our Vision for Agriculture, we announced an agricultural reform route map on 10 February 2023 which also included information on woodland creation support.

A public consultation on the Scottish Forestry Grant Scheme is currently open until 17^th May.

The established sub-group of Scottish Forestry’s Customer Representative’s Group continues to meet quarterly and continues to assist in the development by advising on ways of encouraging more farm businesses to plant trees through facilitating cross-sectoral working and engagement with practitioners.

Policy

Building on the successful work integrating woodland with farming businesses, help remove barriers for those on agriculture holdings, particularly in the tenanted sector who want to engage in woodland creation, including exploring the potential to reform legislation where appropriate.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Scottish Forestry, in partnership with the STFA and a CES tenant, has produced a woodland creation financial analysis, including the woodland carbon code, based on full rotations of different forestry types. The “Helping tenant farmers grow trees for their business” output was part of the Tenant and Trees group and was highlighted in an edition of STFA magazine.

Scottish Forestry have taken on the work of the Tenants and Trees group from CES and continue to co-ordination discussions involving stakeholders in this topic via the Tenant Farming Commissioner and TFAF.

Have any implementation indicators / milestones been set for this policy? If so, most recent data for progress against these.

No new indicators

Timeframe and expected next steps

The partnership with Scottish Forestry, STFA and CES tenant and the Tenants and Trees group will continue in 2023.

Policy

Work with stakeholders on options to increase peatland restoration on suitable agricultural and crofting land, to support delivery of policies in the LULUCF chapter. We will map peatland against this land which will allow modelling options for land-use change and inform opportunities for targeted support of peatland restoration and management.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Work is progressing to establish a pilot for peatland restoration on crofting land. 13 Scottish Government Estates, covering a total area of 38,804 ha, have been assessed through a combination of desk-based assessments and site visits. Three potential sites have been selected and grazing committees are starting initial discussions with Peatland ACTION officers.

Work is progressing to ensure peatland restoration principles are imbedded into the agriculture reform support system as this is developed.

Outputs from our CivTech challenge on peatland restoration is providing us with data on the extent and condition of deep peat (>50cm) across Scotland, which can enable greater targeting to maximise benefits from restoration.

Have any implementation indicators / milestones been set for this policy? If so, most recent data for progress against these.

No new indicators

Timeframe and expected next steps

We will continue to progress restoration pilots on crofting land, linking to development of the policies in the LULUCF chapter of the CCPu and future CCP. We will also continue to feed in peatland principles into the ongoing agriculture reform process.

Policy

Explore options for landuse change to optimise uses beyond traditional farming and food production to multifaceted land use including forestry, peatland restoration and management and biomass production.

Date announced

CCPu 2020

Progress on implementation since time of last report / CCPu

Regional Land Use Partnerships are being piloted across five areas of Scotland. They aim to facilitate collaboration between stakeholders and engagement with communities at a regional level to maximise the contribution that our land can make to addressing the climate and environmental crises. The Scottish Government is supporting the current pilots in developing their Regional Land Use Frameworks by the end of 2023. We are working with the pilot groups to test approaches to engagement and partnership governance that best suit the local situation and priorities. This will help inform future decisions on any wider establishment of Partnerships.

Have any implementation indicators / milestones been set for this policy? If so, most recent data for progress against these.

No new indicators

Timeframe and expected next steps

The Regional Land Use Frameworks are due to be produced by the end of 2023.

With Scotland’s fourth Land Use Strategy due for publication in 2026.

Contact

Email: climate.change@gov.scot

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