Building regulations 2025 - new non-domestic buildings: energy standard improvements - modelling report
Research output to identify and assess potential improvements in energy and emissions performance for non-domestic buildings constructed in Scotland set via Section 6 of the Scottish Building Standards (energy). This was to inform the setting of targets within the next set of energy standards.
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Footnotes
1 PHPP is a well-recognised energy model for dwellings and is applicable for non-domestic buildings. PHPP’s single zone approach to modelling for dwellings has been documented to algin well with multizonal models. Research also indicates that single zone models can accurately predict real-world energy use in dwellings.
2 EPC Database does not provide this information directly, but an approximation can be inferred from the whole-building average U-value, see Table 22.
3 EPC Database does not provide this information directly, but an approximation can be inferred from the whole-building average U-value, see Table 23.
4 EPC Database does not provide this information directly, but an approximation can be inferred from the whole-building average U-value, see Table 24.
5 PV self-usage rates are not calculated by PHPP. For comparison purposes, the SBEM calculated useful proportion of solar energy (Figure 73) has been subtracted from the total delivered energy for each model run to calculate the BDER.
6 For some archetypes, the differences in building physics between SBEM and PHPP resulted in PHPP predicting a very low BDER. As such, some of the percentage savings appear very large due to the small magnitude of the BDER.
7 The cost build-up method focuses on the deviation of each scenario from the base specification. Elements which are common to all the modelled scenarios are not costed and so are captured in the “balance of construction cost” data. As a result of this approach, the “balance of construction cost” values are higher in cases where there are fewer deviations from the base specification (such as naturally ventilated buildings where there are inherently no differences to mechanical ventilation or cooling systems).
8 Currie & Brown’s cost management team are currently delivering a wide range of projects across the whole of Scotland including for both public bodies and private developers.
9 Whilst utility companies are mandated to cooperate with reasonable requests for connection to their infrastructure this requirement does not extend to the use of their property for SSHPs. However, there are examples of this technology being successfully deployed in Scotland.
10 Costs increases may be outside the described range for highly bespoke designs; however, these buildings are typically more expensive to construct and so the relative impact on build costs may be similar or potentially smaller than for more typical buildings.
11 Note the absolute value of window systems can vary considerably in different building types, nonetheless the variation between glazing performance levels is deemed relatively consistent, other than for large curtain walling or other large format or specialist glazing systems.