Effects of recent revisions

Revisions in the 2025 release to data from 2010 onwards

Revisions have been made to the 2024 and 2023 results, in line with the regular revision process for TIFF.

Revisions have also been made to previous years as part of the regular revision process and to apply new and improved methodology to these years. Methodology improvements are continuously made and data revisions are backdated where possible to allow for better data comparability over time.

Most data for 2024 are available by the time of the 2025 release, although some estimates are not final until all data become available over the next year. Estimates for 2023 and earlier years are now final unless otherwise described.

The impact of recent revisions on the total income from farming profit margin are shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Total income from farming (output minus input)  2020, 2024, 2025 releases. Current (nominal) prices.

As total income is the difference between two larger estimates of total input and output, slight changes in these estimates can result in large revisions to the estimate of total income.

The impact of recent revisions on the larger estimates of output and input are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Revisions to gross output, gross input and other inputs 2020, 2024, 2025 releases. Current (nominal) prices. ‘Other inputs’ includes consumption of fixed capital, labour, interest, rent and taxes on production.

The estimate for 2024 is revised downwards to £1.1 billion from the first estimate of £1.3 billion. First estimates of costs include early indications for some figures and rely on projecting figures forward from the previous year. This means a larger difference between first and second estimates for total costs. Total costs for 2024 are revised upwards by 8% to £4.1 billion from the first estimate of £3.8 billion. This is mostly due to revisions to labour cost estimates. First estimates of labour cost are based on projecting forward previous data. Labour costs for 2024 now incorporate 2024-25 estimates from the Farm Business Survey and incorporate planned methodology changes to improve labour estimates. Total labour cost for 2024 is revised upwards by 29% to £0.9 billion. Gross output is revised upwards by 2% to closer to £0.5 billion as more data on horticulture are available.

The estimate for 2023 is now final at around £0.8 billion, revised downwards from the second estimate of around £0.9 billion. Gross output is revised upwards by 1% while more accurate cost data have resulted in an upwards total costs revision of 3%. This is mostly due to planned methodology changes to improve labour estimates.

Revisions have been made to earlier years and have little impact on results. Revisions to data for earlier years include:

• Planned methodology updates to improve labour estimates from 2018 onwards based on new data available through the 2025 June Agricultural Census on the breakdown of part time workers. New data has been used to backdate estimates to when data were previously available in 2016. This methodology update has had the biggest impact on previous results, and can be seen in Figure 2 as part of the differences between releases of ‘other input’ estimates.
• Corrections made to the timeseries from 2010 onwards for Producer Price Index (PPI) and Services Producer Price Indices (SPPI) based on advice from the Office for National Statistics that users revert to their revised (and corrected) timeseries released on 22 October 2025. More information is available at Impact of correction to chain-linking methodology used in Producer Price Indices and Services Producer Price Indices - Office for National Statistics. The impact of changes to this timeseries are small but have been incorporated back to 2010 to ensure good comparability of results over time.
• Minor revisions where more accurate data have been provided and incorporated from 2015 onwards. These result in very small or negligible differences in a number of estimates. Revisions include the following. Very small revisions to estimates for support payments in recent years (2023 and 2024) where payments have been backdated to the scheme year. Very small corrections to bank advances estimates from 2020 onwards to ensure full industry coverage. Very small to negligible corrections to estimates from 2015 onwards based on the Agricultural Price Index (API). The API was revised in 2025 due to revisions in the underlying PPI data. Changes to the API impact price estimates for lime and other estimates where Scotland data are not available.
• Minor corrections have also been made to data back to 2010 to correct total calculations in some years. These corrections are minor as users would have been able to calculate the correct totals from the data available in any affected tables. Minor corrections have also been made where units were previously incorrectly labelled.

Revisions in the 2024 release to 2020, 2019 and 2018 results.

The 2024 release provided estimates of TIFF for the first time for 2024, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Revisions were made to the 2020, 2019 and 2018 results, in line with the regular revision process for TIFF. Changes were also made to these years to backdate methodology changes, in particular, the method by which labour cost estimates are derived.