Clyde Mission: energy masterplan

6 Energy project long list

The energy project long list includes projects proposed by stakeholders, heat demand clusters where projects could be extended or considered in the future, and a list of suitable low carbon and energy infrastructure technology types that could be considered overall in the Energy Masterplan area.

From the energy project long list, four pre-feasibility stage projects have been highlighted for consideration to progress to the feasibility study stage, with both Scottish Government and private funding (Section 7 Feasibility study definition).

6.1 Stakeholder engagement process

Stakeholders have provided input into the energy project long listing for the Energy Masterplan area. From the beginning of the Energy Masterplan project, the Clyde Mission Team shared the aim to consider low carbon technologies and energy infrastructure, with the potential to accelerate Scotland's progress to net zero while contributing to the Clyde Mission's other aims, including bringing vacant and derelict land back into productive use and creating new, good and green jobs. Regular progress meetings with the Clyde Mission Team, Zero Waste Scotland, and Buro Happold informed the development of the masterplan.

A stakeholder briefing workshop, held on 10^th December 2020, was well attended by Clyde Mission partners, Local Authorities, and interested stakeholders from across the public, private and third sectors. Over 100 delegates attended the online workshop, from the organisations listed below.

At the stakeholder briefing workshop, a short presentation about the Energy Masterplan was made, followed by an initial request for information to the stakeholders about potential projects in the Energy Masterplan area.

• Clyde Mission Partners
  • Scottish Government (LCITP), Clyde Gateway, Scottish Enterprise, Strathclyde University, and Glasgow University
• Local Authorities
  • Glasgow City, South Lanarkshire, Inverclyde, West Dunbartonshire, Argyll & Bute and Renfrewshire
• Non-governmental organisations
  • Scottish Futures Trust (SFT)
• Stakeholders
• Scottish Event Centre (SEC), NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (GCC)
  • Environmental
  • British Geological Survey
• Infrastructure
  • Scottish Water Horizons, Scottish Gas Networks (SGN), Scotland 5G Centre, BBC, STV, Peel Energy, Peel Land and Property, Barclays
• Knowledge and skill transfer
  • University of West Scotland (UWS), Scottish Engineering, Energy Technology Partnership, Energy Skills Partnership (ESP), Skills Development Scotland (SDS)
• Media
  • Glasgow Clyde Radio (GCR)
• Consultancies
  • Jacobs, Arup, BAE systems, Ramboll, Sniffer, Stantec, Vital Energi

The response from stakeholders was very positive, with information provided for over 30 potential low carbon and energy infrastructure projects in the Energy Masterplan area. Following this, stakeholders provided additional information in response to a supplementary request for information.

6.2 Stakeholder-proposed projects

Stakeholders provided information for 37 potential projects in the Energy Masterplan area, as detailed in Appendix A. They are at varying stages of development: concept idea, pre-feasibility, feasibility, Outline Business Case (OBC), pre-planning, contract awarded, and construction.

Stakeholders proposed a variety of projects based on a wide range of low carbon technologies and infrastructure, which are summarised in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1. Low carbon technologies proposed by stakeholders

Energy efficiency

• Energy efficient building fabric for new builds
• DHW and pool pump optimisation
• Refurbishment for school

Heat pumps

• Water source heat pump (WSHP) using the River Clyde
• Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP)
• Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP)
• Steam raising high temperature heat pump (distillery)
• Deep geothermal

Waste heat recovery

• Energy from Wastewater Treatment works (WWTW)
• Energy from Waste (EfW)

Renewable energy

• Wind turbine, Roof-top solar PV, Solar PV carport

Biomass and biofuel

• Biomass boiler

Hydrogen

• Produce hydrogen from industrial process (gasification)

Energy infrastructure

• Heat network
• Steam network
• Ambient loop heating and cooling network (5^th generation)
• Smart grid
• Electric Vehicle (EV) charging
• E-bike charging

Storage

• Building-level battery storage

Traditional fuels

• Natural gas-fired CHP, Natural gas-fired boilers

6.3 Heat demand clusters as locations for potential projects

This section presents heat demand clusters in the Energy Masterplan area. In Appendix A, each cluster is shown as a one-page summary including maps and information on stakeholder-proposed projects in or near the cluster, low carbon heat opportunities, and high-level constraints.

Where there are proposed projects in or near the heat demand clusters, this could offer an opportunity to expand the project, based on awareness of nearby heat demands.

Where there are not yet any proposed projects in or near the projects, these clusters could be treated as future locations to consider exploring low carbon or energy infrastructure projects.

Where there are resources present in the clusters which could be used with low carbon technologies, these are presented in the information for each cluster. Resources highlighted include access to the River Clyde for water source heat pumps, waste heat recovery opportunities, where anaerobic digestion plants are present, and stakeholder-proposed projects. For the heat demand clusters, heat networks could be considered along with storage in the form of thermal energy stores (TES).

The criteria for considering resources in heat demand clusters is presented in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2. Technologies identified by resource opportunities in clusters

Type	Technology	Criteria
Heat pumps	Water source heat pumps (WSHP)	Access to River Clyde
Waste heat recovery	Industrial process heat recovery	Industrial process with waste heat
	Wastewater treatment works (WWTW)	Presence of WWTW activity
	Energy from Waste (EfW)	Presence of EfW activity
Biomass and biofuel	Anaerobic digestion (AD)	Presence AD activity
		Not in Air Quality Management Zones
Hydrogen	Hydrogen produced from industrial processes	Presence industrial process and proposed project
Energy infrastructure	EV charging infrastructure	Presence of proposed project
	Heating or cooling network infrastructure	Presence of heat-dense cluster
	Private wire	Presence of proposed project
Storage - building scale	Thermal Energy Store (TES)	Presence of heat-dense cluster

6.4 Other potential projects

In the Energy Masterplan area, there will be opportunities for other low carbon and energy infrastructure projects, in addition to the stakeholder-proposed projects and the heat demand clusters.

Technologies which could be considered in other areas are presented in Table 6.3. The Multi Criteria Analysis of energy technologies undertaken in Section 5.2 can be used to identify potential future low carbon and energy infrastructure projects.

Table 6.3. Technologies with overall suitability for the Energy Masterplan area

Type	Technology	Criteria
Energy efficiency	Retrofit buildings to reduce demand	Buildings with high heat demands
Heat pumps	Air source heat pump	Access to airflow, noise considerations
	Ground source heat pump	Area for boreholes or ground loop
Renewable energy	Solar photovoltaics - roof mounted	Consider on building-by-building basis
	Solar photovoltaics - ground mounted	Consider on vacant and derelict land
	Solar thermal water heaters	Consider for buildings with significant DHW demand
	Wind turbines	Areas with few planning constraints and sufficient wind resource
	Hydroelectric (run of river)	Requires sufficient flow rate
Biomass and biofuel	Biomass Combined Heat and Power (CHP)	Locations where air quality constraints not high, capacity in MW scale, Projects with sizable steady base heat load
	Biogas Combined Heat and Power (CHP)	Projects with sizable steady base heat load
	Biomass Boiler	Locations where air quality constraints not high
	Biogas Boiler	Sustainable source
Electric boilers	Electric boilers	Consider on building-by-building basis, or as energy centre top-up for heat
Hydrogen	Fuel cell	Cost of "green hydrogen" will need to be reduced
	Combustion Combined Heat and Power (CHP)	Cost of "green hydrogen" will need to be reduced
	Boiler	Cost of "green hydrogen" will need to be reduced
	Industrial uses	"Green hydrogen" may be viable for high-temperature industrial processes. Hydrogen is used in the production of chemicals, intermediates, and speciality chemicals. This is predominantly "brown hydrogen", this could be replaced by "green hydrogen"
Energy infrastructure	EV charging infrastructure	Presence of proposed project
	Heating or cooling network infrastructure	Presence of heat-dense cluster, or cooling-dense cluster
	Private wire	Presence of proposed project
Storage - building scale	Thermal Energy Store (TES)	Presence of heat-dense cluster, heat network component
	Batteries	Cost of domestic scale electric batteries will need to reduce for wide-scale deployment
	Hydrogen	Cost of "green hydrogen" will need to reduce for wide-scale deployment
Storage - utility scale	Batteries	Excess renewable generation and grid constraints, cost of Li-ion batteries are expected to decline by 54-61% by 2030 and this will be required to enable wide-scale deployment
	Mechanical - Flywheel	Short-term storage applications, cost and efficiency improvements required for wide-scale deployment
	Mechanical - Compressed air	Existing reservoir likely to be required to enable economic storage