Potentially hazardous agents in land-applied sewage sludge: human health risk assessment

List of Abbreviations

ADD – Average Daily Dose [mg kg^-1 d^-1]

ARB – Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria

BBP - Benzyl butyl phthalate

BBN – Bayesian Belief Network

BCF – Bioconcentration Factor [unitless]

BFR – Brominated flame retardants

BPA – Bisphenol A

CPT – Conditional Probability Table

DEFRA – Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DEHP - Di(2-ethyhexyl)phthalate

ED – Expected Dose

H – Henry's Law constant [unitless]

Kow – Octanol:Water partition coefficient [unitless]

LASs - Linear alkylbenzene sulphonates

NOAEL – No Observed Adverse Effect Level

NOEL – No Observed Effect Level

OTs – Organotins

PAEs - Phthalate acid esters

PAH – Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons

PBDE - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers

PCAs – Polychlorinated alkanes

PCB – Polychlorinated Biphenyls

PCDD/Fs – Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and furans (often termed "Dioxins and Furans")

PCNs – Polycholrinated naphthalenes

PDMSs - polydimethylsiloxanes

PFCs – Perfluorochemicals

PFOA - Perfluorooctanoic acid

PFOS - Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

PPCP – Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products

QAC - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

QRA – Quantitative Risk Assessment

RfD – Reference Dose [mg kg^-1 d^-1]

SC – Steering Committee

SNIFFER - Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research

SSRI – Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

TCC – Triclocarban

TCPP - Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate

TCS – Triclosan

TDCP - (Tris[2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl]phosphate)

TEF – Toxic Equivalency Factor

TEQ – Toxic Equivalents

TPP - Triphenyl phosphate

UF – Uncertainty Factor

WRAP – Waste and Resources Action Programme

WWTP – Waste Water Treatment Plant