Preventing Harm, Promoting Recovery: Scotland's Alcohol & Drugs Strategic Plan 2026 – 2035

Endnotes

1. Evaluation of the National Mission on Drug Deaths : Lived experience survey, Public Health Scotland, 2025
2. Alcohol and Drug Partnerships (ADP) 2023/2024 Annual Survey, Scottish Government, 2024
3. Evaluating the impact of minimum unit pricing for alcohol in Scotland: A synthesis of the evidence, Public Health Scotland, 2023
4. National benchmarking report on the implementation of the medication assisted treatment (MAT) standards: Scotland 2024/25, Public health Scotland, 2025
5. National Naloxone programme Scotland - Quarterly Monitoring Bulletin April to June (Q1) 2025/26, Public Health Scotland, 2026
6. Evaluation of the Scottish Government Residential Rehabilitation programme: number of individuals starting a residential rehab placement per financial year - , Public Health Scotland, 2025
7. Alcohol-specific deaths 2024; Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
8. Life Expectancy in Scotland, 2022-2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
9. Scotland’s public health challenges, Public Health Scotland, 2024
10. Alcohol-specific deaths 2024; Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
11. Alcohol consumption and harms dashboard: update briefing, Public Health Scotland, 2025
12. The Scottish Health Survey 2023, Scottish Government, 2024
13. Estimated prevalence of opioid dependence in Scotland 2014/15 to 2022/23, Public Health Scotland, 2025, Public Health Scotland, 2025
14. The Scottish Health Survey 2023, Scottish Government, 2024
15. Rapid Action Drug Alerts and Response (RADAR) quarterly report - October 2025, Public Health Scotland, 2025
16. Evaluation of the National Mission on Drug Deaths: Lived experience survey, Public Health Scotland, 2025
17. Drug and alcohol information system (DAISy) overview of initial assessments for specialist drug and alcohol treatment 2024/25, Public Health Scotland, 2026
18. Use of the dark web and social media for drug supply, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2023
19. Alcohol-specific deaths 2024; Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
20. Alcohol-specific deaths 2024; Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
21. The Scottish Health Survey 2023, Scottish Government, 2024
22. Findings from the Health Behaviours of School-aged Children (HBSC) 2022 survey in Scotland, University of Glasgow, 2024
23. Non-prescribed ketamine use is rising in the UK - including amongst under-16s, British Medical Journal, 2025
24. Alcohol-specific deaths 2024; Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
25. The National Drug-Related Deaths Database (Scotland) Report: Analysis of Deaths Evaluation of the National Mission on Drug Deaths: Lived experience survey, Public Health Scotland, 2025
26. Registered in 2019 and 2020, Public Health Scotland, 2024
27. Hard Edges Scotland, Heriot-Watt University; I-SPHERE; Lankelly Chase; Robertson Trust, 2019
28. Children’s Social Work Statistics: Child Protection 2023-24, Scottish Government, 2025
29. The National Drug-Related Deaths Database (Scotland) Report: Analysis of Deaths Registered in 2019 and 2020, Public Health Scotland, 2024
30. Evaluation of the National Mission on Drug Deaths: Lived experience survey, Public Health Scotland, 2025
31. National benchmarking report on the implementation of the medication assisted treatment (MAT) standards: Scotland 2024/25, Public health Scotland, 2025
32. Evaluation of the National Mission on Drug Deaths: Lived experience survey, Public Health Scotland, 2025
33. The Experiences and Views of Birth Parents - Supporting roots: report, Scottish Government, 2023
34. Non-opiate and cannabis drug use in minority ethnic groups, National Centre for Social Research, January 2024
35. What are LGBTQ+ people’s experiences of alcohol services in Scotland? A quali-tative study of service users and service providers, Dr Elena Dimova, Dr Rosaleen O’Brien, Prof Lawrie Elliott, Dr Jamie Frankis and Prof Carol Emslie, SHAAP, 2022
36. Young people experiencing harms from alcohol and drugs: literature and evidence review, Scottish Government, 2021
37. Pathways into, through and out of Residential Rehabilitation in Scotland: Results from the Residential Rehabilitation Providers Survey, Scottish Government, 2021
38. The experiences of people who sell or exchange sex and their interaction with support services: lived experience engagement, Scottish Government, 2022
39. Evaluation of the National Mission on Drug Deaths: Lived experience survey, Public Health Scotland, 2025
40. Alcohol and Drug Partnerships (ADP) 2023/2024 Annual Survey, Scottish Government, 2025
41. National Mission: annual report 2024-2025, Scottish Government, 2025
42. Recovery Communities Research, Scottish Recovery Consortium, 2024
43. National benchmarking report on the implementation of the medication assisted treatment (MAT) standards: Scotland 2024/25, Public Health Scotland, 2025
44. A Strategy to Address the Stigmatisation of People and Communities Affected by Drug Use, Scottish Drug Deaths Taskforce, 2022
45. Evaluation of the National Mission on Drug Deaths: Lived experience survey, Public Health Scotland, 2025
46. Alcohol-specific deaths 2024; Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
47. Why are drug-related deaths among women increasing in Scotland? - research findings, Scottish Government, Tweed et al; 2018
48. Hard Edges Scotland, Commissioned by Lankelly Chase and The Robertson Trust and authored by Heriot-Watt University, 2019
49. The Health of Women and Girls: Health and Social Care Policy - Beyond the Women’s Health Plan 2026-2029, Scottish Government, 2026
50. Rapid evidence review: Drinking problems and interventions in black and minority ethnic communities, Gleeson, H., et al., Middlesex University, 2019
51. Non-opiate and cannabis drug use in minority ethnic groups, National Centre for Social Research, January 2024
52. What are LGBTQ+ people’s experiences of alcohol services in Scotland? A qualitative study of service users and service providers, Dimova et al., SHAAP, 2022
53. Health needs assessment of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and non-binary people, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde, NHS Lothian, Public Health Scotland; 2022
54. Systematic review of guidelines for managing physical health during treatment for substance use disorders: Implications for the alcohol and other drug workforce. Osborne, B., et al. 2022, Drug and Alcohol Review
55. Drug and alcohol services - co-occurring substance use and mental health concerns: literature and evidence review, Scottish Government, 2022
56. Population Health Framework: evidence paper, Scottish Government, 2025
57. Population Health Framework: evidence paper, Scottish Government, 2025
58. A whole-system response to drug prevention in the UK, UK Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, 2025
59. World Health Organisation’s ‘best buys’ interventions - Preventing alcohol harms, Public Health Scotland, 2025
60. World Health Organisation’s ‘best buys’ interventions - Preventing alcohol harms, Public Health Scotland, 2025
61. Commending Public Health Scotland’s evaluation of minimum unit pricing - The Lancet, Ian Gilmore, Ilora Finlay, Martin McKee, Michael Marmot, Sally Casswell, Peter Rice, Katherine Severi, 2023
62. Alcohol, Scottish Public Health Observatory, 2025
63. Developmental Consequences of Prenatal Substance Use in Children and Adolescents, Guille & Aujla, Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2019
64. National Guidance for Child Protection in Scotland 2021 - updated 2023, Scottish Government, 2023
65. Towards a Scottish primary prevention model: Lessons from Planet Youth Scotland’s pilot, Winning Scotland, 2025
66. Towards a Scottish primary prevention model: Lessons from Planet Youth Scotland’s pilot, Winning Scotland, 2025
67. The National Drug-Related Deaths Database (Scotland) Report: Analysis of Deaths Registered in 2019 and 2020, Public Health Scotland, 2024
68. Young people experiencing harms from alcohol and drugs: literature and evidence review, Scottish Government, 2021
69. Drug and alcohol information system (DAISy) overview of initial assessments for specialist drug and alcohol treatment 2024/25, Public Health Scotland, 2026
70. Literature overview of the relationship between life-events and alcohol use in the general population, Marja Y Veenstra, Paul Hhm Lemmens, Ingrid Hm Friesema, Henk Fl Garretsen, J André Knottnerus, Paul J Zwietering, Alcohol and Alcoholism, 2006
71. Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors, Katherine M. Keyes, Mark L. Hatzenbuehler & Deborah S. Hasin, Psychopharmacology, 2011
72. Alcohol brief interventions: A review of strategy and recommendations for policy, Public Health Scotland, 2024
73. National benchmarking report on the implementation of the medication assisted treatment (MAT) standards: Scotland 2024/25, Public Health Scotland, 2025
74. Emergency department toxicology: ASSIST, Public Health Scotland, 2026
75. National Naloxone programme Scotland - Quarterly Monitoring Bulletin April to June (Q1) 2025/26, Public Health Scotland, 2026
76. Carriage of Naloxone by Police Scotland officers, Police Scotland, 2023
77. Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI), Public Health Scotland, 2024
78. Anabolic androgenic steroid use population size estimation: a first stage study utilising a Delphi exercise, Hope et al., Drugs: Eduction, Prevention and Policy, 2023
79. Image and Performance Enhancing Drugs National Survey, Begley et al., 2017
80. Case study – Cocoon project in Tayside, HCV Action, 2022
81. Interventions to reduce harms from cocaine - Publications, Public Health Scotland, 2025
82. Thistle Service Data, Glasgow Health and Social Care Partnership, 2025
83. Health and social responses: drug consumption rooms, European Union Drugs Agency, 2024
84. A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs, Masterton et al., International Journal of Environmental Research and Public health, 2022
85. Scottish Burden of Disease Future prevalence and burden of chronic liver disease, Public Health Scotland, 2025
86. Intelligent Liver Function Testing (iLFT), University of Dundee, 2021
87. Scoping the feasibility and acceptability of Managed Alcohol Programmes for people who are homeless with severe alcohol problems in community-based, third sector , University of Stirling
88. Changing Lives, Scottish Drug Deaths Taskforce, 2022
89. National benchmarking report on the implementation of the medication assisted treatment (MAT) standards: Scotland 2024/25, Public Health Scotland, 2025
90. About DAISy - Drug and Alcohol Information System (DAISy), Public Health Scotland, 2025
91. Alcohol Consumption and Harms Dashboard, Public Health Scotland, 2025
92. Drug and Alcohol Treatment Waiting Times, Public Health Scotland, 2025
93. Alcohol Consumption and Harms Dashboard, Public Health Scotland, 2025
94. Rapid Action Drug Alerts and Response (RADAR) quarterly report - January 2026, Public Health Scotland, 2026
95. Rapid Action Drug Alerts and Response (RADAR) quarterly report - January 2026, Public Health Scotland, 2026
96. Non-prescribed ketamine use is rising in the UK - including amongst under-16s, British Medical Journal, 2025
97. Treatments for stimulant use disorder – a rapid review for policy makers and practitioners, Drugs Research Network Scotland, 2024
98. Interventions to reduce harms from cocaine, Public Health Scotland, 2025
99. Drug-related deaths in Scotland, 2024, National Records of Scotland, 2025
100. Mortality among individuals prescribed opioid-agonist therapy in Scotland, UK, 2011–20: a national retrospective cohort study, McAuley et al., The Lancet Public Health, 2023
101. Evaluation of the Scottish Government Residential Rehabilitation programme: Placements started from 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2025, Public Health Scotland, 2025
102. Evaluation of the Scottish Government Residential Rehabilitation programme - Analysis of 2023 client-level data, Public Health Scotland, 2025
103. Evaluation of the Scottish Government Residential Rehabilitation programme: Baseline report, Public Health Scotland, 2024
104. Recovery Communities Research, Scottish Recovery Consortium, 2024
105. Hard Edges Scotland, Heriot-Watt University; I-SPHERE; Lankelly Chase; Robertson Trust, 2019
106. Drug and alcohol services - co-occurring substance use and mental health concerns: literature and evidence review, Scottish Government, 2022
107. Systematic review of guidelines for managing physical health during treatment for substance use disorders, Osborne, B., et al., Drug and Alcohol Review, 2022
108. National Naloxone programme Scotland - Quarterly Monitoring Bulletin April to June (Q1) 2025/26, Public Health Scotland, 2026
109. Non-prescribed ketamine use is rising in the UK, Guerrini et al., British Medical Journal, 2025
110. Why are drug-related deaths among women increasing in Scotland?, Scottish Government, 2018
111. Pathways to Employment: supporting people with lived and living experience of substance use in to work, Scottish Government, 2025
112. The National Drug-Related Deaths Database (Scotland) Report, Public Health Scotland, 2024
113. Scottish Crime and Justice Survey 2023/24, Scottish Government, 2025
114. Community sentencing options for people with substance use problems: review findings, Scottish Government, 2023
115. Community sentencing - Reducing reoffending, Scottish Government
116. Community sentencing options for people with substance use problems: review findings, Scottish Government, 2023
117. Reconviction Rates in Scotland: 2021-22 Offender Cohort, Scottish Government, 2025
118. Strategic networks, National Services Scotland, 2025
119. The National Drug-Related Deaths Database (Scotland) Report, Public Health Scotland, 2024
120. Alcohol and Drug Partnerships: delivery framework, Scottish Government, 2019
121. Alcohol and drug services, Audit Scotland, 2024
122. Frontline staff survey - National Mission evaluation, Public Health Scotland, 2024
123. People with lived experience of drug and alcohol problems complete supported employment programme and go on to work in services, Scottish Drugs Forum, 2022
124. Certificate in the management of problem drug use, Royal College of General Practitioners
125. Conversation Café: Lived experience in undergraduate addictions teaching, Jobst et al., Medical Education, 2024