Orkney Islands Regional Marine Plan

Footnotes

1 Orkney Marine Planning Advisory Group.

2 Marine (Scotland) Act 2010.

3 Marine Licensing (Consultees) (Scotland) Order 2011.

4 Marine (Scotland) Act 2010.

5 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

6 The Scottish Marine Regions Order 2015.

7 Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

8 Scotland’s Marine Assessment 2020.

9 National Marine Plan interactive. Marine Scotland.

10 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations.

11 Scotland’s National Marine Plan 2015. Scottish Government.

12.Just transition policy actions. Scottish Government.

13 Community wealth building policy action. Scottish Government.

14 Wellbeing Economy Governments (WEGo). Scottish Government.

15 Environment – guiding principles: statutory guidance.

16 A Blue Economy Vision for Scotland 2022.

17 Delivering Scotland’s Blue Economy Approach 2022.

18 Port Marine Safety Code. 2016.

19 Marine Safety Management System Manual. Orkney Islands Harbour Authority. 2018.

20 Control of Major Accident Hazards. Health and Safety Executive.

21 The Impacts of Climate Change on Sea Temperature around the UK and Ireland. Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership.

22 Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership.

23 The difference between a High or Low Emissions future. Dynamic Coast.

24 Orkney vision for a climate resilient and Net Zero future – Autumn 2024. Orkney Partnership.

25 The Climate Change (Duties of Public Bodies: Reporting Requirements) (Scotland) Order. 2015.

26 The Global Climate Emergency - Scotland's Response: Climate Change Secretary Roseanna Cunningham's statement. 2019.

27 Sustainability For All. Acciona.

28 United Nations Decade on Restoration.

29 Definitions adapted from IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability The Working Group II contribution to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report.

30 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

31 Blue carbon audit of Orkney waters. Marine Scotland Data Publications. 2020.

32 Flood risk management plans. 2021. SEPA.

33 Marine Spatial Planning Addressing Climate Effects MSPACE. 2025.

34 Target outcomes for sustainable development. The Orkney Partnership.

35 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

36 Natural Capital Assessment of the Orkney Marine Region Area. Scottish Wildlife Trust.

37 Marine and coastal enhancement framework. 2022. NatureScot.

38 The Scotland River Basin District (Standards) Directions 2024.

39 The Scotland River Basin District (Standards) Directions 2024.

40 Implementing the Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003: Assessing Scotland's water environment - use of environmental standards, condition limits and classification schemes - Policy Statement.

41 The River Basin Management Plan for Scotland 2021 – 2027. SEPA.

42 The River Basin Management Plan for Scotland 2021 – 2027. SEPA.

43 Local Flood Risk Management Plan for Orkney. Orkney Islands Council.

44 Dynamic Coast.

45 Looking ahead: planning for coastal change. 2019. NatureScot.

46 Dynamic Coast: The National Overview. 2021. CREW.

47 Dynamic Coast: Erosion Enhanced Flooding. 2021. CREW.

48 National Record of the Historic Environment.

49 Historic Environment Policy for Scotland (HEPS). HES.

50 Conserving our Underwater Heritage. Historic Environment Scotland. 2025.

51 The National Register of Historic Vessels.

52 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

53 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. 2019. IPBES.;

54 Nature Conservation (Scotland) Act 2004.

55 The Environment Strategy for Scotland: vision and outcomes. 2020. Scottish Government.

56 Scottish Biodiversity Strategy and Delivery Plan. Scottish Government.

57 Marine Restoration and Enhancement.

58 SiteLink. NatureScot.

59 Scotland’s Marine Protected Area network. NatureScot.

60 Scotland’s register of European sites. SiteLink, NatureScot.

61 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

62 Priority marine features in Scotland’s seas. NatureScot.

63 The special qualities of the National Scenic Areas. SNH Commissioned Report No.374. 2010.

64 Coastal Character Assessment - Orkney and North Caithness. 2016. NatureScot.

65 Planning Advice Note 1/2011: planning and noise. Scottish Government.

66 Sound Exposure Guidelines for Fishes and Sea Turtles. Popper et al. 2014.

67 Impacts of noise on the behavior and physiology of marine invertebrates: A meta-analysis. Murchy, K.A et al 2019.

68 Good Practice Guide for Underwater Noise Measurement. National Measurement Office, Marine Scotland, The Crown Estate, Robinson, S.P., Lepper, P. A. and Hazelwood, NPL Good Practice Guide No. 133. 2014.

69 UK Government, (2025) Marine environment: unexploded ordnance clearance Joint Position Statement.

70 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

71 Marine litter policy. Scottish Government.

72 Marine Debris: Understanding, Preventing and Mitigating the Significant Adverse Impacts on Marine and Coastal Biodiversity. Technical Series No.83. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

73 Factsheet: Marine pollution. United Nations Ocean Conference. 2017.

74 Plastic particles in fulmar stomachs in the North Sea. OSPAR Intermediate Assessment. 2017.

75 “Where does the plastic in our oceans come from?” Our World in Data. 2021.

76 A Marine Litter Strategy for Scotland Marine Scotland.

77 National Litter and Flytipping Strategy. Scottish Government 2023.

78 Applying the waste hierarchy: guidance. Scottish Government. 2017.

79 Orkney Islands Marien Environment Unit. Fishing for Litter.

80 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). International Maritime Organisation 1973.

81 Port Waste Management Plan. Orkney Island Council Marine Services. 2024.

82 The Great Britain Invasive Non-native Species Strategy 2030. DEFRA, The Scottish Government, Llywodraeth Cymru. 2015.

83 Non-native Species: Code of Practice. Scottish Government. 2012.

84 Ballast Water Management. Orkney Islands Council Harbour Authority.

85 Scotland's National Marine Plan. Scottish Government. 2015.

86 ‘Check Clean Dry’ campaign. GB Non-Native Species Secretariat.

87 Orkney Native Wildlife Project.

88 Bente Sundsvold and Claire W. Armstrong ‘Found in translation: identifying ecosystem services through public consultation statements in a marine spatial planning process’ (2019) 15:1 Ecosystems and People 102.

89 Wellbeing Economy Governments (WEGo). Scottish Government.

90 Scotland’s National Strategy for Economic Transformation. Scottish Government. 2022.

91 Our Place. Scottish Government.

92 Our Place. Scottish Government.

93 Emily Stebbings, Eleni Papathanasopoulou, Tara Hooper, Melanie C. Austen, Xiaoyu Yan, ‘The marine economy of the United Kingdom’ (2020) 116 Marine Policy 103905.

94 Emily Stebbings, Eleni Papathanasopoulou, Tara Hooper, Melanie C. Austen, Xiaoyu Yan, ‘The marine economy of the United Kingdom’ (2020) 116 Marine Policy 103905.

95 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

96 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

97 Scotland's fisheries management strategy 2020 to 2030: delivery plan update 2025. Scottish Government.

98 Inshore Fisheries Management Improvement: call for evidence analysis report. 2025. Scottish Government.

99 Sea Fisheries – Fisheries Management Plans. Scottish Government. 2020.

100 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

101 Vision for Sustainable Aquaculture.

102 Scottish fish farm production surveys.

103 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

104 Orkney Islands marine region: Finfish Farming Spatial Guidance.

105 Scapa Flow Aquaculture Water Quality Impact Modelling Assessment - Development Management Guidance. Intertek and Orkney Islands Council. 2018.

106 Seaweed cultivation policy statement. Scottish Government. 2017.

107 Seaweed Review Steering Group. Scottish Government.

108 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

109 National Transport Strategy 2. Transport Scotland. 2020.

110 Orkney Harbours Masterplan Phase 1. Orkney Islands Council Harbour Authority. 2020.

111 The European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet).

112 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

113 KIS-ORCA Offshore Renewable and Cable Awareness.

114 MGN 661 (M+F) Navigation - safe and responsible anchoring and fishing practices.

115 Scotwind. Crown Estate Scotland.

116 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

117 Decommissioning of Offshore Renewable Energy Installations in Scottish waters or in the Scottish part of the Renewable Energy Zone under The Energy Act 2004.

118 Orkney Renewable Energy Forum.

119 The Global Climate Emergency - Scotland's Response: Climate Change Secretary Roseanna Cunningham's statement. 2019.

120 Sectoral marine plan for offshore wind energy. Scottish Government. 2020.

121 ScotWind. Crown Estate Scotland.

122 White Paper: The need for a National Floating Wind Test Site. EMEC. 2023.

123 Draft Sectoral Marine Plans for Offshore Renewable Energy in Scottish Waters: Consultation Paper. Scottish Government. 2013.

124 Orkney Hydrogen Strategy – The Hydrogen Islands 2019-2025. Orkney Islands Council.

125 Flotta. North Sea Transition Authority. 2025.

126 Control of Major Accident Hazards. Health and Safety Executive.

127 Orkney Islands Visitor Survey. Orkney Islands Council and VisitScotland. 2020.

128 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

129 Enabling conditions for an equitable and sustainable blue economy. Cisneros-Montemayor et al. 2021.

130 Evidence Statement – SD1712: The well-being and human health benefits of exposure to the marine and coastal environment. DEFRA. 2019.

131 The Orkney Core Paths Plan. Outdoor Access - Orkney Islands Council.

132 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020

133 The Orkney Coastal and Marine Recreational Survey.

134 Step 8. Implementing the plan – MSP GLOBAL 2030.

135 A Guide to Evaluating Marine Spatial Plans. Marine Spatial Planning Global.

136 The Orkney Islands Marine Region: State of the Environment Assessment. 2020.

137 Marine (Scotland) Act 2010.

138 Aquaculture - planning applications information and guidance. Orkney Islands Council.

139 Marine environment: licensing and consenting requirements. Scottish Government.

140 Frid et al. (2011) The Ecosystem Approach to Marine Planning and Management: Chapter 4. (Eds: Kidd, Plater & Frid). Earthscan, London.

141 Natural capital, ecosystem services and the Blue Economy – Scotland’s Marine Assessment. Marine Scotland. 2020.

142 Marine accounts, natural capital, UK. Office for National Statistics 2021.

143 Oceans of Value, Natural Capital Assessment of the Orkney Marine Region Area. Scottish Wildlife Trust.

144 Oceans of Value Natural Capital Assessment of the Orkney Marine Region Area. Scottish Wildlife Trust.

145 Licensing of wild seaweed harvesting. Crown Estate Scotland.

146 Potential scale of Scottish seaweed-based industries: research paper. Scottish Government. 2022.

147 Wild kelp - restrictions on removal: questions and answers. Scottish Government. 2020.