A Circular Economy Strategy for Scotland – Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA)

Footnotes

1 Scottish Government Scotland’s Circular Economy and Waste Route Map to 2030: Equality Impact Assessment – Results (2025)

2 European Environment Agency Resource use and materials | European Environment Agency's home page (2024)

3 Scottish Government Scotland’s Circular Economy and Waste Route Map to 2030: Equality Impact Assessment – Results (2025)

4 Scottish Government Update to the Climate Change Plan 2018- 2032 (2026)

5 Circular Economy (Scotland) Act 2024

6 United Nations The 17 Goals | Sustainable Development (2015)

7 European Commission Circular Economy Action Plan (2020)

8 UNFCCC The Paris Agreement (2015)

9 Scottish Government Biodiversity (2024)

10 Forestry and Land Scotland Biodiversity in Scotland’s National Forests and Land (2023)

11 Scottish Government Ecosystems and biodiversity knowledge account (2020)

12 United Nations Global resources outlook (2019)

13 Zero Waste Scotland (n.d) Why change matters | Zero Waste Scotland

14 NatureScot Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) (2024)

15 NatureScot Marine Protected Areas (2024)

16 NatureScot Scottish Biodiversity List (2025)

17 NatureScot The Proportion of Scotland's Protected Sites in Favourable Condition (2024)

18 NatureScot State of Nature report shows Scotland's wildlife continues to decline (2023)

19 Zero Waste Scotland Circular economy perspectives and sustainable decision-making in times of crisis (2023)

20 Zero Waste Scotland Construction Resource Library (2023)

21 Public Health Scotland Housing – Environmental health impacts (2024)

22 Scottish Government Scotland’s Population Health Framework 2025–2035 (2025)

23 Sustainability Directory How Does Waste Exportation Affect Human Health? (2025)

24 European Environment Agency (n.d.) – Circular economy | European Environment Agency

25World Health Organization Electronic waste (e-waste) (2024)

26 WHO - Guidance on solid waste and health (2024)

27 European Commission – How reuse and repair social enterprises are contributing to a socially and circular society (2023)

28 Public Health Scotland – Overview - Housing - Environmental health impacts (2024)

29 Zero Waste Scotland (n.d.) – Circular Economy Construction Retrofit Programme

30 WHO – Factsheet - Sustainable Development Goals: health targets Nutrition, overweight and obesity (2021)

31 Scottish Government – Just transition - Climate change (2025)

32 NatureScot – Advising on peatland, carbon-rich soils and priority peatland habitats (2023)

33 NatureScot – Scotland's Indicators - Soil Sealing (2023)

34 NatureScot (n.d.) – Peatland ACTION - Data, research and monitoring

35 NatureScot (n.d.) – Peatland restoration in Scotland increases by 25% over last year

36 NatureScot – Advising on peatland, carbon-rich soils and priority peatland habitats (2023)

37 Zero Waste Scotland (n.d.) – Design out waste in construction

38 NatureScot & Zero Waste Scotland (n.d.) – Zero Waste Scotland: how small changes create big wins for people and wildlife

39 SEPA (n.d.) – Soil improvement using waste

40 NatureScot – Scotland's Biodiversity Strategy 2022–2045 (2022)

41 SEPA - State of Scotland’s Water Environment (2023)

42 NatureScot – Water Framework Directive (2023)

43 Srebrenkoska et al. – Methods for Waste Waters Treatment in Textile Industry (2014)

44 NatureScot – Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) (2024)

45 European Environment Agency) – Microplastics from textiles: towards a circular economy for textiles in Europe (2022)

46 European Commission – Land use sector - European Commission - Climate Action (2025)

47 NatureScot – Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) (2024)

48 European Environment Agency (2023) – From source to sea — The untold story of marine litter

49 Scottish Environment Protection Agency – The Air Quality in Scotland – Scottish Air Quality Database (SAQD) (2024)

50 NatureScot – Nature-based Solutions: Air Quality (2024)

51European Environment Agency – Capturing the climate change mitigation benefits of circular economy (2023)

52 European Circular Economy Stakeholder Platform – Policy Enablers to Accelerate the Circular Economy (2023)

53 PACE & WRI – Circular economy as a climate strategy: current knowledge and calls-to-action (2022)

54 Zhang et al. – Testing and Reducing VOC Emissions from Building Materials and Furniture(2022)

55 Henriques et al. – Product-Services for a Resource-Efficient and Circular Economy: An Updated Review (2023)

56 Pandey & Erbaugh – Driving sustainable uptake: a systematic review of global literature on policies governing woody biomass for energy (2024)

57 NatureScot – Climate change impacts in Scotland (2022)

58 Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009

59 United Nations (n.d) Facts and Figures | United Nations

60 Scottish Government – Comparison of Scotland’s carbon footprint and its territorial emissions (2024)

61 Arora & Mishra – Responsible consumption and production: a roadmap to sustainable development (2003)

62 Stefanakis et al. – Nature-Based Solutions as a Tool in the New Circular Economic Model for Climate Change Adaptation (2021)

63 Li et al. – The Potential Contribution of Modular Volumetric Timber Buildings to Circular Construction (2023)

64 NatureScot (n.d.) – Managing Nature for Carbon Capture

65 Scottish Government – Scotland’s Circular Economy and Waste Route Map to 2030 (2024)

66 Circular Economy (Scotland) Act 2024

67 Scottish Government - Securing a green recovery on a path to net zero: climate change plan 2018–2032 – update (2020)

68 Scottish Government - Scotland's National Strategy for Economic Transformation (2022)

69 Scottish Government - Just Transition - A Fairer, Greener Scotland: Scottish Government response (2021)

70 Scottish Government - First National Good Food Nation Plan (2025)

71 Scottish Government - Scottish Biodiversity Strategy to 2045 (2024)

72 Scottish Government - Environment Strategy (2026)

73 Scottish Government - Green industrial strategy (2024)

74 Scottish Government - National Litter and Flytipping Strategy (2023)

75 UK Government - Guidance Extended producer responsibility for packaging: who is affected and what to do (2025)

76 UK Government - The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Regulations (2013)

77 UK Government - Guidance - Waste batteries: producer responsibility (2025)

78 Zero Waste Scotland - Embodied Carbon Status quo and suggested roadmap (2020)

79 World Green Building Council - Air Quality in the Built Environment

80 UKGBC - Construction is driving global biodiversity loss – it's time for Government to act (2024)

81 Expedition - The Embodied Biodiversity Impacts of Construction Materials (2023)

82 World Economic Forum - New Nature Economy Report II The Future Of Nature And Business (2020)

83 World Green Building Council (accessed July 2025) - Air Quality in the Built Environment

84 SEPA (accessed July 2025) - Construction

85 UK Green Building Council - What are the environmental impacts of construction materials? An introduction to Embodied Ecological Impacts (2024)

86 UK Green Building Council - What are the environmental impacts of construction materials? An introduction to Embodied Ecological Impacts (2024)

87 Zero Waste Scotland - SWEFT (2024)

88 Zero Waste Scotland – SWEFT (2024)

89 Zero Waste Scotland - SWEFT (2024)

90 SEPA - The ban on landfilling Biodegradable Municipal Waste (2024)

91 Zero Waste Scotland – SWEFT (2024)

92 Scottish Government - Scotland’s Circular Economy and Waste Route Map to 2030 Strategic Environmental Assessment Environmental Report (2024)

93 World Economic Forum - The Nature Positive Role of the Automotive Sector (2025)

94 World Economic Forum - The Nature Positive Role of the Automotive Sector (2025)

95 ECOS, EEB, DUH What is the environmental impact of electric cars? (2023)

96 European Commission (accessed July 2025) - EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles

97 Zero Waste Scotland – SWEFT (2024)

98 Zero Waste Scotland – SWEFT (2024)

99 Zero Waste Scotland – SWEFT (2024)

100 Zero Waste Scotland – SWEFT (2024)

101World Economic Forum - New Nature Economy Report II The Future Of Nature And Business (2020)