Food (Promotion and Placement) (Scotland) Regulations 2025: business and regulatory impact assessment

Footnotes

1 The Scottish Health Survey 2024 - volume 1: main report - gov.scot

2 World Obesity: Addressing weight stigma and misconceptions about obesity in Europe

3 Obesity and overweight (WHO, 2025)

4 Brown, K. F. et al. The fraction of cancer attributable to modifiable risk factors in England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom in 2015. Br. J. Cancer 118, 1130–1141 (2018).

5 Abdelaal M, le Roux, C and Docherty, N. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity. Annals of Translational Medicine; 5(7): 101: p.1. (2017)

6 Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) Data Resources | GHDx

7 Sahoo, K, Sahoo, B, Choudhury, AK, Sofi, NY, Kumar, R, Bhadoria, AS (2015). Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. J Family Med Prim Care. 2015 Apr-Jun; 4(2): 187–192

8 Obesity and overweight (WHO, 2025)

9 Diet, nutrition and the prevention of excess weight gain and obesity - PubMed (nih.gov) (2004); Tackling obesities: future choices - mid-term review (publishing.service.gov.uk) (2007)

10 Scottish Dietary Goals, March 2016 (gov.scot)

11 The Scottish Diet - It needs to change 2020 update | Food Standards Scotland

12 Identifying and understanding the factors that can transform the retail environment to enable healthier purchasing by consumers - Food Standards Scotland (2017)

13 Consumption of discretionary foods and drinks and other categories of dietary concern in adults (16+ years) | Food Standards Scotland

14 Rapid evidence review - restriction of price promotions - Publications - Public Health Scotland (2017); Food marketing exposure and power and their associations with food-related attitudes, beliefs and behaviours: a narrative review (who.int) (2022); It's time to put health first: Transforming our food environment – Food Standards Scotland and Public Health Scotland (2024)

15 It's time to put health first: Transforming our food environment – Food Standards Scotland and Public Health Scotland (2024)

16 Beech J. et.al (2020) What role do tax and regulation play in promoting better health?

17 World Health Organisation (2024) Tackling NCDs: best buys and other recommended interventions for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases, 2nd ed.

18 World Health Organisation (2023) Commercial determinants of health.

19 Restricting Multi-Buy Price Promotions on High Fat, Sugar or Salt Discretionary Foods: Summary of SRUC Analysis on Potential Calorie and Nutrient Intake Impact

20 Diet and nutrition: proposals for setting the right direction of the Scottish diet (2016) - Food Standards Scotland

21 Health inequalities: Scottish comparisons and trends - ScotPHO

22 Scottish Burden of Disease Study - Scottish Burden of Disease Study - Publications - Public Health Scotland

23 Boyland E. et al. (2022) Systematic review of the effect of policies to restrict the marketing of foods and non‐alcoholic beverages to which children are exposed - Obesity Reviews

24 Calorie reduction: The scope and ambition for action – Public Health England (2018)

25 Consumption of discretionary foods and drinks and other categories of dietary concern in adults (16+ years) - Food Standards Scotland (2023)

26 National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2019 to 2023: report - GOV.UK

27 Sugar, salt and calorie reduction and reformulation - GOV.UK

28 The Soft Drinks Industry Levy Regulations 2018

29 The Food (Promotion and Placement) (England) Regulations 2021

30 Positive impact of supermarket junk food restrictions revealed - University of Leeds

31 Intake24_further_analysis_2021_data_-_Report_on_Discretionary_Foods_and_Drinks.pdf

32 Restricting promotions of food and drink high in fat, sugar or salt: consultation - gov.scot

33 Restricting promotions of food and drink high in fat, sugar or salt - proposed regulations: consultation - gov.scot

34 Monitoring Retail Purchase and Price Promotions in Scotland 2019-2022 - Food Standards Scotland

35 Sugar Reduction: The evidence for Action - Annexe 4: Analysis of price promotions - Public Health England (2015)

36 Businesses in Scotland: 2024 - gov.scot

37 Restrict in-store HFSS positioning - Nesta Blueprint (2024)

38 Ban HFSS volume promotions in food retail businesses - Nesta Blueprint (2024)

39 Savills UK | Spotlight: UK Grocery Report – 2025

40 Scottish facts and stats | The Food & Drink Federation

41 Supporting documents - Exports statistics Scotland 2021 - gov.scot

42 National and Regional Report 2024 | The Food & Drink Federation

43 Impact assessment : Introducing a 2100-0530 watershed on TV and online restriction for paid advertising of HFSS food and drink products - UK Government (2021)

44 Impact assessment for restricting volume promotions for HFSS - UK Government (2020)

45 UK regional trade in goods statistics: first quarter 2025

46 Food Trade and Consumption | SEFARI

47 Food statistics in your pocket - GOV.UK

48 Food statistics in your pocket - GOV.UK

49 Chapter 13: Overseas trade - GOV.UK

50 The most popular confectionaries in the UK | Consumer | YouGov Ratings (2025)

51 Data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Inter Departmental Business Register (IDBR), obtained from NOMIS

52 the term “policy measure” or “measure” refers to any proposed or existing policy, regulation, law or other government intervention

53 ONS, DBR extract for March 2021. Includes registered private sector businesses only for selected SIC codes identified by SG officials.

54 Businesses in Scotland: 2024 - gov.scot

55 Situation Report - The Scottish Diet: It Needs to Change (2020 update) - Food Standards Scotland

56 Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 - The Lancet

57 IBDR extract provided by Scottish Government business statistics team

58 Scottish brands battling own-label rivals | Scottish Grocer & Convenience Retailer

59 Weighing the impact of HFSS laws (kantar.com)

60 Jenneson, V., Kininmonth, A. R., Wilkins, E., Chukwu, I., Eselebor, O., Pontin, F., … Morris, M. (2025) Did High in Fat, Sugar, and Salt (HFSS) product placement legislation in England lead to reduced HFSS purchases? An interrupted time series analysis.

61 UK Business Counts - enterprises by industry and employment size band, Extracted from Nomis - Official Census and Labour Market Statistics (nomisweb.co.uk) on 30 July 2025

62 Earnings and working hours - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

63 Earnings and hours worked, occupation by four-digit SOC: ASHE Table 14 - Office for National Statistics

64 Reducing health harms of foods high in fat, sugar or salt: economic modelling – final report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

65 Scottish brands battling own-label rivals | Scottish Grocer & Convenience Retailer

66 Mid-2023 population estimates - National Records of Scotland (NRS)

67 Monitoring retail purchase and price promotions in Scotland 2019-2022 - Food Standards Scotland

68 Foods failing a NPM test from Table 9 of Annex A -The 2018 review of the UK nutrient profiling model - Public Health England (2018)

69 Non-weighted average of chocolate confectionery and sugar confectionery

70 Non-weighted average of all soft drink categories excluding water, still/sparking and flavoured

71 Non-weighted average of breakfast cereal high fibre and breakfast cereal other

72 Assumptions taken from UK Government impact assessment, which in turn was based on 2017 IGD study of German supermarkets. The impact assessment notes the lack of UK specific information.

73 Sales impact of displaying alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages in end-of-aisle locations: an observational study - PubMed (nih.gov)

74 83929838.pdf (core.ac.uk)

75 Supermarket policies on less-healthy food at checkouts: Natural experimental evaluation using interrupted time series analyses of purchases | PLOS Medicine

76 Impact assessment of restricting checkout, end-of-aisle, and store entrance sales of HFSS food and drinks high in fat, salt, and sugar - UK Government (2020)

77 Jenneson, V., Kininmonth, A. R., Wilkins, E., Chukwu, I., Eselebor, O., Pontin, F., Morris, M. (2025, August 22). Did High in Fat, Sugar, and Salt (HFSS) product placement legislation in England lead to reduced HFSS purchases? An interrupted time series analysis.

78 Including meal deals and temporary price reductions

79 The model is only quantifying the benefits of reduced calories and not any of the other potential nutritional benefits from the policy

80 Reducing health harms of foods high in fat, sugar or salt: economic modelling – final report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

81 GDP deflators at market prices, and money GDP June 2025 (Quarterly National Accounts) - GOV.UK