Infant mental health: evidence review

This report covers the key findings of a rapid literature review of UK research on infant mental health, in addition to interviews with members of infant mental health clinical teams in NHS Fife and NHS Lanarkshire.

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Annex B. Table 1: Identified measures of infant mental health

Measure Domains assessed Structure Age Range Free Access Brief/easy to score Competencies assessed Comments
ARR -Parent-infant relational assessment Structured interviews / Observations 0 – 18 months 3 -Intensive and time consuming -Can be used with high-risk families -Under development
BITS -Developmental including social-emotional Checklist / Questionnaire 0 – 24 months 3 3 3 -Need additional resources -Time consuming to train
ASQ -Social-emotional / Behavioural Checklist / Questionnaire 0 – 66 months 3 3 -Difficult to compare across ages
NIM -Relational assessments Structured interviews / Observations / Questionnaire 6 – 60 months 3 3 3 -Use with looked after children -Intensive and time consuming
ITSC -Regulatory / sensory issues -Emotional-behavioural issues Checklist / Questionnaire 7 – 30 months 3 -Difficult to compare across ages
ITSEA -Social-emotional / Behavioural Checklist / Questionnaire 12 – 36 months 3
BITSEA -Social-emotional / Behavioural Checklist / Questionnaire 12 – 36 months 3 3 -Better for children over 24 months
TBSI -Problem behaviours -Regulatory issues Checklist / Questionnaire 12 – 40 months 3
CBCL 1.5-5 -Externalising / internalising behaviours -DSM oriented scales Checklist / Questionnaire 18 – 60 months -Can assess for a large number of behaviours
SDQ 2-4 -Social-emotional / Behavioural Checklist / Questionnaire 24+ months 3 3 3 -Endorsed on CORC -Attempts for downward extension for 12-24 months
PAPA -DC:0-5 diagnoses Structured interview 24+ months -Time consuming to train -Certification needed
ARR Assessment of Representational Risk Sleed et al. (2021)
BITS Brigance Infant and Toddler Screen II Brigance & Glascoe (2002)
ASQ Ages and Stages Questionnaires Squire et al. (2002)
NIM New Orleans Intervention Model Zeanah et al. (1998)
ITSC Infant-Toddler Symptom Checklist DeGangi et al. (1995)
ITSEA Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment Carter et al. (2003)
BITSEA Brief Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment Briggs-Gowan et al. (2004)
TBSI Toddler Behavior Screening Inventory Mouton-Simien et al. (1997)
CBCL 1.5-5 Child Behaviour Checklists Achenbach & Rescorla (2000)
SDQ 2-4 Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire 2-4 Goodman (1997)
PAPA Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment Egger & Arnold (2004)

Compiled from Eneberi (2017); Foreman (2018); Gov.UK (2017); Patel et al. (2021); Sleed et al. (2021); Szaniecki & Barnes (2016).

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Email: PIMH@gov.scot

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