Footnotes
1. The research for this report was conducted between February and July 2021. This section was therefore last updated in August 2021. Rules and guidelines on self-isolation and quarantine have changed in the intervening period and may change further in the future.
2. Coronavirus (COVID-19): Test and Protect - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
3. Coronavirus (COVID-19): international travel and managed isolation (quarantine) - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
4. How to quarantine when you arrive in England - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
5. How to isolate when you travel to Wales: coronavirus (COVID-19) | GOV.WALES
6. Coronavirus (COVID-19): international travel advice | nidirect
7. Coronavirus (COVID-19): Test and Protect - gov.scot (www.gov.scot). This payment is available across the UK: in England it is the NHS Test and Trace Support Payment Scheme (Stay at home: guidance for households with possible or confirmed coronavirus (COVID-19) infection - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)), in Wales the Self-Isolation Support Scheme (Self-isolation support scheme | GOV.WALES), and in Northern Ireland the Discretionary Support Self-isolation Grant (Extra financial support | nidirect).
8. Coronavirus (COVID-19): help for people who need additional support - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
9. Stay prepared during the Covid-19 pandemic (ready.scot)
10. What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults | medRxiv
11. S0732_CORSAIR_-_Adherence_to_the_test__trace_and_isolate_system.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
12. Test, Trace and Isolate: Behavioural aspects - POST (parliament.uk)
13. Self-isolation confidence, adherence and challenges: Behavioural insights from contacts of cases of COVID-19 starting and completing self-isolation in Wales
14. The government's approach to test and trace in England – interim report (nao.org.uk)
15. Public attitudes to Coronavirus: January update - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
16. COVID-19 support study: index and contact case research findings from May 2021 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot). Since searching for this review ended the full report on this study has been published: Coronavirus (COVID-19) support study experiences of and compliance with self-isolation: main report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
17. Coronavirus and self-isolation after testing positive in England - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)
18. Self-isolation confidence, adherence and challenges: Behavioural insights from contacts of cases of COVID-19 starting and completing self-isolation in Wales
19. Coronavirus and self-isolation after being in contact with a positive case in England - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)
20. How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence – ScienceDirect
21. Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK: a cross-sectional survey - ScienceDirect
22. Adherence to the test, trace, and isolate system in the UK: results from 37 nationally representative surveys | The BMJ
23. What are the symptoms of COVID-19? Only 59% of Britons know all three | YouGov
24. Public attitudes to Coronavirus: January update - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
25. S0732_CORSAIR_-_Adherence_to_the_test__trace_and_isolate_system.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
26. Public adherence to governmental recommendations regarding quarantine and testing for COVID-19 in two Norwegian cohorts | medRxiv
27. Research on behavioural rules and well-being: round 3 | RIVM
28. Coronavirus and self-isolation after testing positive in England - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)
29. IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Self-Isolation and Quarantine during the UK's First Wave of COVID-19. A Mixed-Methods Study of Non-Adherence (mdpi.com)
30. Test, trace, and isolate in the UK | The BMJ.
31. Trust and compliance to public health policies in times of COVID-19 - ScienceDirect
32. Full article: The paradox of trust: perceived risk and public compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore (tandfonline.com)
33. What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults | medRxiv
34. Factors Influencing Compliance with Quarantine in Toronto During the 2003 SARS Outbreak | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science (liebertpub.com)
35. PsyArXiv Preprints | Dispositional and situational attribution of COVID-19 risk: A content analysis of response typology (Version: 1)
36. Adherence to safety and self-isolation guidelines, conspiracy and paranoia-like beliefs during COVID-19 pandemic in Poland - associations and moderators (nih.gov)
37. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
38. Effective test, trace and isolate needs better communication and support (kcl.ac.uk)
39. Liverpool Covid-SMART Community Testing Pilot. Evaluation report May 2021
40. Income assurances are a crucial factor in determining public compliance with self-isolation regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak – cohort study in Israel | Israel Journal of Health Policy Research | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
41. How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence – ScienceDirect
42. Factors Influencing Compliance with Quarantine in Toronto During the 2003 SARS Outbreak | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science (liebertpub.com)
43. SocArXiv Papers | Non-compliance with COVID-19-related public health measures among young adults: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study (osf.io)
44. Pandemic fatigue? How adherence to covid-19 regulations has been misrepresented and why it matters - The BMJ
45. PHE: Factors contributing to risk of SARS-CoV2 transmission in various settings, 26 November 2020 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
46. Home versus institutional isolation of mild COVID-19 patients (nih.gov)
47. Preparedness for self-isolation or quarantine and lockdown in South Africa: results from a rapid online survey | SpringerLink
48. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
49. Poverty and COVID-19 in Africa and Latin America (nih.gov)
50. Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran (nih.gov)
51. Home quarantine is a useful strategy to prevent the coronavirus outbreak: Identifying the reasons for non-compliance in some Iranians - ScienceDirect
52. Risk perceptions of COVID-19 and its impact on precautionary behavior: A qualitative study. - Abstract - Europe PMC
53. Bioethics and self-isolation: What about low-resource settings? (scielo.org.za)
54. COVID-19 and quarantine orders: A practical approach (scielo.org.za)
55. Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK Adults | medRxiv
56. New report finds planning ahead key to self-isolation success - Public Health Wales (nhs.wales)
57. What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults | medRxiv
58. Coronavirus (COVID-19): fair work statement - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
59. Income assurances are a crucial factor in determining public compliance with self-isolation regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak – cohort study in Israel | Israel Journal of Health Policy Research | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
60. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
61. Accepted monitoring or endured quarantine? Ebola contacts' perceptions in Senegal - PubMed (nih.gov)
62. Test & Trace Corps – Take Care | NYC Health + Hospitals (nychealthandhospitals.org)
63. Evaluation of a novel community-based COVID-19 'Test-to-Care' model for low-income populations (semanticscholar.org)
64. France Covid-19: Self-isolation recommended but not forced (connexionfrance.com)
65. Support for self-isolation is critical in covid-19 response | The BMJ
66. How can we improve self-isolation and quarantine for covid-19? | The BMJ
67. Perceptions and behavioural responses of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey of UK Adults | medRxiv
68. IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Students' Views towards Sars-Cov-2 Mass Asymptomatic Testing, Social Distancing and Self-Isolation in a University Setting during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study | HTML (mdpi.com)
69. Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response | Journal of Travel Medicine | Oxford Academic (oup.com)
70. PsyArXiv Preprints | Using behavioural science to develop public health messages for racial and ethnic minority communities during COVID-19
71. Public health messaging for communities from different cultural backgrounds - 22 July 2020 (publishing.service.gov.uk)
72. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
73. PsyArXiv Preprints | Using behavioural science to develop public health messages for racial and ethnic minority communities during COVID-19
74. Full article: Predictors of adherence with home quarantine during COVID-19 crisis: the case of health belief model (tandfonline.com)
75. PsyArXiv Preprints | Using behavioural science to develop public health messages for racial and ethnic minority communities during COVID-19
76. Compliance with COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in the United States by Benjamin van Rooij, Anne Leonore de Bruijn, Chris Reinders Folmer, Emmeke Barbara Kooistra, Malouke Esra Kuiper, Megan Brownlee, Elke Olthuis, Adam Fine :: SSRN
77. What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults | medRxiv
78. How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence – ScienceDirect
79. Mental health policy: protecting community mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic (nih.gov)
80. 4b._SPI-B__Key_Behavioural_Issues_Relevant_to_Test_J_Trace_J_Track_and_Isolate_20200506_S0327.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
81. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence - The Lancet
82. Factors Influencing Compliance with Quarantine in Toronto During the 2003 SARS Outbreak | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science (liebertpub.com)
83. Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran (nih.gov)
84. S0732_CORSAIR_-_Adherence_to_the_test__trace_and_isolate_system.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
85. Self-isolation confidence, adherence and challenges: Behavioural insights from contacts of cases of COVID-19 starting and completing self-isolation in Wales
86. Community-centered responses to Ebola in urban Liberia: the view from below - PubMed (nih.gov)
87. How can we improve self-isolation and quarantine for covid-19? | The BMJ
88. Maximising public adherence to COVID-19 self-isolation in Europe - The Lancet Regional Health – Europe
89. The importance of (shared) human values for containing the COVID‐19 pandemic - Wolf - 2020 - British Journal of Social Psychology - Wiley Online Library
90. Self-isolation confidence, adherence and challenges: Behavioural insights from contacts of cases of COVID-19 starting and completing self-isolation in Wales
91. Barriers to adherence with COVID-19 restrictions: Findings from qualitative research with individuals in Scotland (www.gov.scot)
92. Experiences of supported isolation in returning travellers during the early COVID-19 response: an interview study
93. COVID-19 is rapidly changing: Examining public perceptions and behaviors in response to this evolving pandemic (plos.org)
94. SPI-B insights on self-isolation and household isolation - 9 March 2020 (publishing.service.gov.uk)
95. How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence - ScienceDirect
96. S0470_Theory_and_evidence_base_for_initial_SPI-B_recommendations_for_phased_changes_in_activity_restrictions.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
97. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response | Nature Human Behaviour
98. Who complies with COVID-19 transmission mitigation behavioral guidelines? (plos.org)
99. PsyArXiv Preprints | The emotional path to action: Empathy promotes physical distancing and wearing of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic
100. The Intelligent Lockdown: Compliance with COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in the Netherlands by Malouke Esra Kuiper, Anne Leonore de Bruijn, Chris Reinders Folmer, Elke Olthuis, Megan Brownlee, Emmeke Barbara Kooistra, Adam Fine, Benjamin van Rooij :: SSRN
101. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
102. How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence – ScienceDirect
103. What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults | medRxiv
104. Frontiers | Demographic and Attitudinal Factors of Adherence to Quarantine Guidelines During COVID-19: The Italian Model | Psychology (frontiersin.org)
105. Attitudes and opinions on quarantine and support for a contact-tracing application in France during the COVID-19 outbreak - ScienceDirect
106. Behavioral Sciences | Free Full-Text | Factors Affecting Voluntary Self-Isolation Behavior to Cope with a Pandemic: Empirical Evidence from Colombia vs. Spain in Times of COVID-19 | HTML (mdpi.com)
107. Frontiers | Social Isolation During COVID-19 Pandemic. Perceived Stress and Containment Measures Compliance Among Polish and Italian Residents | Psychology (frontiersin.org)
108. Frontiers | Influence of Resilience and Optimism on Distress and Intention to Self-Isolate: Contrasting Lower and Higher COVID-19 Illness Risk Samples From an Extended Health Belief Model | Psychology (frontiersin.org)
109. Socio-demographic disparities in knowledge, practices, and ability to comply with COVID-19 public health measures in Canada | SpringerLink
110. Taking Care of Each Other: How Can We Increase Compliance with Personal Protective Measures During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Chile? - Gerber - - Political Psychology - Wiley Online Library
111. Full article: Predictors of adherence with home quarantine during COVID-19 crisis: the case of health belief model (tandfonline.com)
112. Eurosurveillance | Poor self-reported adherence to COVID-19-related quarantine/isolation requests, Norway, April to July 2020
113. IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Students' Views towards Sars-Cov-2 Mass Asymptomatic Testing, Social Distancing and Self-Isolation in a University Setting during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study | HTML (mdpi.com)
114. In their own words: How different people respond to coronavirus guidance - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)
115. Frontiers | Adolescents in Quarantine During COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Perceived Health Risk, Beliefs, Psychological Experiences and Expectations for the Future | Psychology (frontiersin.org)
116. PsyArXiv Preprints | Risk perception and personal responsibility during COVID-19: An experimental study of the role of imperative vs reasoning-based communication for self-isolation attitudes
117. Looking out for myself: Exploring the relationship between conspiracy mentality, perceived personal risk, and COVID‐19 prevention measures (nih.gov)
118. Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic | SpringerLink
119. Emotional responses to prosocial messages increase willingness to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic (nih.gov)
120. Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience - PubMed (nih.gov)
121. COVID-19 support study: index and contact case research findings from May 2021 - gov.scot (www.gov.scot). Since searching for this review ended, the final report from this study has been published: Coronavirus (COVID-19) support study experiences of and compliance with self-isolation: main report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
122. Coronavirus and self-isolation after being in contact with a positive case in England - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)
123. Coronavirus and self-isolation after testing positive in England - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)
124. COVID-19 Pandemic: Demographic Predictors of Self-Isolation or Self-Quarantine and Impact of Isolation and Quarantine on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depression (nih.gov)
125. Associations between periods of COVID-19 quarantine and mental health in Canada - ScienceDirect
126. Stress and worry in the 2020 coronavirus pandemic: relationships to trust and compliance with preventive measures across 48 countries in the COVIDiSTRESS global survey | Royal Society Open Science (royalsocietypublishing.org)
127. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
128. S0732_CORSAIR_-_Adherence_to_the_test__trace_and_isolate_system.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
129. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence - The Lancet
130. Frontiers | Demographic and Attitudinal Factors of Adherence to Quarantine Guidelines During COVID-19: The Italian Model | Psychology (frontiersin.org)
131. Self-isolation confidence, adherence and challenges: Behavioural insights from contacts of cases of COVID-19 starting and completing self-isolation in Wales
132. (PDF) Compliance and Psychological Impact of Quarantine in Children and Adolescents due to Covid-19 Pandemic (researchgate.net)
133. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
134. Self-isolation confidence, adherence and challenges: Behavioural insights from contacts of cases of COVID-19 starting and completing self-isolation in Wales
135. S0759_SPI-B__The_impact_of_financial_and_other_targeted_support_on_rates_of_self-isolation_or_quarantine_.pdf (publishing.service.gov.uk)
136. Evaluating COVID-19 Public Health Messaging in Italy: Self-Reported Compliance and Growing Mental Health Concerns | medRxiv
137. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence - The Lancet
138. Associations between periods of COVID-19 quarantine and mental health in Canada - ScienceDirect
139. Subjective cognitive failures and their psychological correlates in a large Italian sample during quarantine/self-isolation for COVID-19 | SpringerLink
140. MHF Mental Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic.pdf
141. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital - PubMed (nih.gov)
142. Factors Influencing Compliance with Quarantine in Toronto During the 2003 SARS Outbreak | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science (liebertpub.com)
143. What predicts adherence to COVID-19 government guidelines? Longitudinal analyses of 51,000 UK adults | medRxiv
144. Predictors of self-reported adherence to COVID-19 guidelines. A longitudinal observational study of 51,600 UK adults - ScienceDirect
145. New legal duty to self-isolate comes into force today - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
146. Current restrictions: frequently asked questions | GOV.WALES
147. Travel ban and self-isolation rules follow Denmark Covid mink outbreak | Department of Health (health-ni.gov.uk)
148. Institutional, not home-based, isolation could contain the COVID-19 outbreak - The Lancet
149. Factors associated with adherence to self-isolation and lockdown measures in the UK: a cross-sectional survey - ScienceDirect
150. Institutional, not home-based, isolation could contain the COVID-19 outbreak - The Lancet
151. A rapid review of measures to support people in isolation or quarantine during the Covid‐19 pandemic and the effectiveness of such measures - Cardwell - - Reviews in Medical Virology - Wiley Online Library
152. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response | Nature Human Behaviour
153. Compliance with COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in the United States by Benjamin van Rooij, Anne Leonore de Bruijn, Chris Reinders Folmer, Emmeke Barbara Kooistra, Malouke Esra Kuiper, Megan Brownlee, Elke Olthuis, Adam Fine :: SSRN
154. Experiences of supported isolation in returning travellers during the early COVID-19 response: an interview study
155. How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence – ScienceDirect
156. Self-Isolation Compliance In The COVID-19 Era Influenced By Compensation: Findings From A Recent Survey In Israel | Health Affairs
157. Public attitude towards quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak | Epidemiology & Infection | Cambridge Core
158. Self-Quarantine Noncompliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea | Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness | Cambridge Core
159. Crime-and-punishment-John-4.1-1.pdf (independentsage.org)
160. Improving adherence to 'test, trace and isolate' - G James Rubin, Louise E Smith, GJ Melendez-Torres, Lucy Yardley, 2020 (sagepub.com)
