Cereal and oilseed rape harvest: final estimates - 2025
Final estimates of area, yield and production for winter and spring barley, wheat, oats and oilseed rape, for the 2025 harvest.
First published: 11 December 2025.
Glossary
Barley: Spring and winter barley are sown in Scotland. Most of the barley in Scotland is the spring variety. Spring barley is sown around March. Winter barley is sown in the autumn.
Hectares: the official measurement of agricultural land. One hectare is 10,000 square meters or roughly the same as a full-size rugby pitch.
Main cereals: the main cereal crops in Scotland are barley, oats and wheat.
Oats: The majority of oats grown in Scotland are sown in the spring.
Oilseed rape: Oilseed rape is not a cereal. It is part of the cabbage family. Because it is grown and harvested in a similar way to other cereals it is included in our harvest estimates. Almost all of Scottish oilseed rape is the winter variety.
Production: the total amount of crops that are produced measured in metric tonnes.
Spring crops: Spring crops (spring barley and spring oats) are generally sown between January and March.
Total cereals: This publication focuses on the three major cereal types grown in Scotland. These are barley, wheat and oats. Other cereals are grown in Scotland but in much smaller quantities.
Wheat: Scottish wheat is mainly winter sown soft wheats suitable for milling. The Scottish climate does not suit hard wheat varieties.
Winter crops: Winter crops (wheat, winter barley, and winter oats) are typically sown in autumn and grow during the winter.
Yield: the amount of produce, weighed in tonnes, that is harvested per hectare of land.