What Works to Reduce Reoffending: update of the evidence on imprisonment and community disposals
This paper is the first in the series ‘What Works to Reduce Reoffending: An update of the evidence’. The Scottish Government last published What Works to Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the Evidence in 2015.
Footnotes
1 The “index conviction” is the reference conviction given by a court which is determined by either:
(a) the estimated release date for a custodial sentence imposed for the conviction, or
(b) the sentence date for non-custodial sentences imposed for the conviction.
2 Criminogenic needs are dynamic risk factors that are directly linked to criminal behaviour and can be targeted in treatment to reduce the risk of reoffending. An example of a criminogenic need is substance misuse, where addiction to alcohol or drugs can increase the likelihood of criminal behaviour.
3 Home Detention Curfew (HDC) is a form of release from prison which allows eligible individuals sentenced to imprisonment to serve part of their prison sentence in the community, under licence conditions. Release on HDC will only take place once the individual has been deemed suitable following completion of the full HDC assessment process, including an assessment of the proposed release address. The main aim of HDC is to provide those leaving prison with a managed return to their communities, and this can be facilitated through use of curfew conditions and electronic monitoring.
4 Parole is a system that enables offenders to be released on licence in the community under the supervision of a community based social worker. If an offender is released on parole, they are subject to be recalled to prison at any time if they breach the terms of their licence. Parole is only granted where the Parole Board is satisfied that the risk presented by the offender can be managed in the community. Frequently Asked Questions - Parole Board for Scotland
5 (1) Attitudes supporting crime, (2) Self-management/impulse control and problem-solving difficulties, (3) Social networks that supports/engages in crime, (4) Lack of supportive and prosocial family/marital relationships, (5) Substance misuse, (6) Lack of work or unstable employment, (7) Lack of positive recreation/leisure activities, and (8) Homelessness/living in a criminal neighbourhood (Andrews & Bonta, 2010).
Contact
Email: Justice_Analysts@gov.scot