Scottish Rural Communities Policy Review: stage 2 - Canada case study

References

Auditor General of Canada. (2021). Regional relief and recovery fund: Independent auditor’s report. Office of the Auditor General of Canada/Bureau du vérificateur général du Canada. https://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/docs/parl_oag_202112_03_e.pdf

Barrett, J., & Vodden, K. (2023). Partnerships in place: Facilitating rural local government entrepreneurialism in Newfoundland and Labrador. Canadian Geographies / Géographies Canadiennes, 67(1), 188–197. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12814

Bollman, R. D., & Reimer, B. (2019). What is rural? What is rural policy? What is rural development policy? In The Routledge Handbook of Comparative Rural Policy. Routledge.

Bradford, N., & Wolfe, D. A. (2013). Governing regional economic development: Innovation challenges and policy learning in Canada. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 6, 331–347. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/cjres/rst006

Breen, S., Hall, H., Rich, K., & Gibson, R. (2025). In Canada’s 2025 federal election, is anyone paying attention to rural communities? The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/in-canadas-2025-federal-election-is-anyone-paying-attention-to-rural-communities-253195

Community Futures Canada. (2022). People Who Make a Difference—2021-2022 Annual Report. Community Futures Canada. https://communityfuturescanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CFNC-Rapport-Annuel-EN_2021-2022.pdf

Community Futures Canada. (2024). 2023-24 Annual Report. Community Futures Canada. https://communityfuturescanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/English_CFN_AR2023-24.pdf

Community Futures Huron. (2025). 2024/25 Annual Report. Community Futures Huron. https://www.cfhuron.ca/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/Community-Futures-Huron-2024-25-Annual-Report.pdf

Corbett, M., & Forsey, M. (2017). Rural youth out-migration and education: Challenges to aspirations discourse in mobile modernity. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 38(3), 429–444. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2017.1308456

Douglas, D. J. A. (Ed.). (2023). The rural municipality in Canada: A critical overview of recent research and some perspectives on the development agenda. Canadian Geographies / Géographies Canadiennes, 67(1), 139–149. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12829

Du Plesis, V., Beshiri, R., & Bollman, R. (2001). Definitions of Rural. Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin, 3(3), 1–17.

Edwards, C. (2025, May 13). Buckley Belanger, Sask.’s sole Liberal MP, appointed as secretary of state for rural development. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/buckley-belanger-federal-cabinet-1.7533760

Elsibai, K., Montsion, J. M., De Fuentes, C., Hall, P. V., & Brunelle, D. (2024). Economic Development and Canada’s Gateways: A Tale of Two Regional Development Agencies. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 46(3), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.7202/1108480ar

Epp, R., & Whitson, D. (2001). Writing Off the Rural West: Globalization, Governments and the Transformation of Rural Communities. University of Alberta.

Fairbairn, B. (1998). A Preliminary History of Rural Development Policy and Programs in Canada, 1945-1995. Concordia University. https://www.concordia.ca/content/dam/artsci/sociology-anthropology/nre/docs/reports/rhistory.pdf

Federation of Canadian Municipalities. (2019). Building better lives together. Federation of Canadian Municipalities. https://data.fcm.ca/documents/resources/building-better-lives-together.pdf?_gl=1*10cp9ys*_gcl_au*MzE4Njc0MjUzLjE3NDg3OTE2NjQ.*_ga*MTQ2Mzg3MzkyMi4xNzM4NzY3OTEx*_ga_B4BFFLM1JF*czE3NDkyNjI1MzYkbzQkZzEkdDE3NDkyNjI1NzQkajIyJGwwJGgw*_ga_LDYS3XSXVS*czE3NDkyNjI1MzYkbzQkZzEkdDE3NDkyNjI1NzQkajIyJGwwJGgw

Federation of Canadian Municipalities. (2025). The future of rural Canada—A report for the Federation of Canadian Municipalities. Federation of Canadian Municipalities.

Gibson, R., Bucklaschuk, J., & Annis, R. C. (2017). Working Together: Collaborative Response to Welcoming Newcomers in Brandon, Manitoba. In G. Tibe Bonifacio & J. L. Drolet (Eds.), Canadian Perspectives on Immigration in Small Cities (pp. 35–53). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40424-0_3

Gibson, R., & Dale, J. (2023). Do more, with less: The realities of local government in rural Ontario. Canadian Geographies / Géographies Canadiennes, 67(1), 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12816

Government of Canada. (2019). Rural opportunity, national prosperity: An economic development strategy for rural Canada. Infrastructure Canada.

Government of Canada. (2021a). Canada’s rural economic development strategy: Progress report August 2021. Infrastructure Canada.

Government of Canada. (2021b, December 14). Minister of Rural Economic Development Mandate Letter. https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/mandate-letters/2021/12/16/minister-rural-economic-development-mandate-letter

Government of Canada. (2024). Rural opportunity, national prosperity: An economic development strategy for rural Canada. Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada.

Hall, H., & Gibson, R. (2016). Rural Proofing in Canada. https://ruraldev.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/RuralProofinginCanada-HallGibson.pdf

Hall, H., & Vinodrai, T. (2021). COVID-19 and Rural Economic Development in Canada: Insights on Impacts, Responses, and Recovery. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 16(4), Article 4. https://journals.brandonu.ca/jrcd/article/view/2089

Hammond, D. (2023). Rural Communities and the Pursuit of Funding Support: An Evaluation of BC Rural Development Policy [University of Guelph]. https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/items/9a8b5d53-3199-4afd-8929-9795b18e04bb

Hanlon, N., & Skinner, M. (2022). On older person/place transformations: Towards a more‐than‐representational geography of aging in rural Canada. The Canadian Geographer, 66(1), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12737

Hernandez Gongora, L., & Gibson, R. (2020). Rural Development Across Canada. Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance.

Industry Canada. (2014). Evaluation of the Community Futures Program. Industry Canada. https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/audits-evaluations/sites/default/files/attachments/Community_Futures_Evaluation_Evaluation_Report-eng.pdf

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. (2019). Horizontal Evaluation of the Community Futures Program. https://ised-isde.canada.ca/site/audits-evaluations/en/evaluation/horizontal-evaluation-community-futures-program#s1.2

Jean, B. (2020). Les politiques publiques de développement des milieux ruraux: La Politique nationale de la ruralité du Québec revisitée. Revue Organisations & territoires, 29(1), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.1522/revueot.v29n1.1130

Jean, B., DesRosiers, L., & Dionne, S. (2014). Comprendre le Québec rural (Seconde édition, revue et mise à jour). Chaire de recherche du Canada en développement rural, Université du Québec à Rimouski.

Khayambashi, S. (2024). The Immigrant Experience in Brandon, Manitoba: Challenges of Settlement in Small Towns and Rural Regions in the Canadian Prairies. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 56(3), 171–194.

Krawchenko, T., Hayes, B., Foster, K., & Markey, S. (2023). What Are Contemporary Rural Development Policies? A Pan-Canadian Content Analysis of Government Strategies, Plans, and Programs for Rural Areas. Canadian Public Policy, 49(3), 252–266. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-060

Larsson, L., Fuller, T., & Pletsch, C. (2012). Business and Community Approaches to Rural Development: Comparing Government-to-Local Approaches. Journal of Rural and Community Development, 7(2), Article 2. https://journals.brandonu.ca/jrcd/article/view/560

Markey, S., Breen, S., Lauzon, A., Gibson, R., Ryser, L., & Mealy, R. (2015). State of Rural Canada 2015. Canadian Rural Revitalization Foundation. http://www.sorc.crrf.ca

Markey, S., Breen, S., Vodden, K., & Daniels, J. (2015). Evidence of Place: Becoming a Region in Rural Canada. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 39(5), 874–891. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12298

Norcliffe, G. (2001). Canada in a global economy. Canadian Geographies / Géographies Canadiennes, 45(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.2001.tb01163.x

OECD. (2010). OECD Rural Policy Reviews: Québec, Canada 2010. OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264082151-en

Ontario Ministry of Rural Affairs. (2025). Enabling Opportunity: Ontario’s Rural Economic Development Strategy. Government of Ontario. https://www.ontario.ca/files/2025-05/mra-enabling-opportunity-ontario-rural-economic-development-strategy-en-2025-05-13.pdf

Reimer, B. (2018). Rural Policy in Canada. In Handbook Of International Food And Agricultural Policies (pp. 431–446). World Scientific.

Reimer, B., & Bollman, R. D. (2010). Understanding Rural Canada: Implications for Rural Development Policy and Rural Planning Policy. In Rural Planning and Development in Canada. Nelson.

Ries, L. (2016). An Entrepreneurial Approach to Job Creation in Rural Canada. Territorial Cohesion for Development Working Group, Centro Latinoamericano para el Desarollo Rural. https://www.rimisp.org/wp-content/files_mf/1467380865195_Lori_Ries.pdf

Ryan, M. (2025, July 24). Memorial University announces major budget cuts, 20 layoffs. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/mun-cuts-layoffs-1.7593368

Sitsofe, P. (2025). Workforce Development in Rural Ontario: An Examination of Experiences and Strategies. https://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index.php/ruralReview/article/view/8282

Speer, S. (2018, August 3). Growing disconnect between urban and rural Canada. Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/opinion/contributors/growing-disconnect-between-urban-and-rural-canada/article_85783656-b630-56bc-bdd9-10fdf98ef1ee.html

Statistics Canada. (2022). Population growth in Canada’s rural areas, 2016 to 2021: Census of population, 2021. Statistics Canada.

Statistics Canada. (2023). Index of Remoteness 2021: Update with 2021 census geographies and populations. Statistics Canada.

Stiles, D., & Cameron, G. (2009). Changing paradigms? Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 3(4), 341–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506200910999093

Vodden, K., Douglas, D., Markey, S., Minnes, S., & Reimer, B. (Eds.). (2019). The Theory, Practice and Potential of Regional Development: The Case o. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/The-Theory-Practice-and-Potential-of-Regional-Development-The-Case-of/Vodden-Douglas-Markey-Minnes-Reimer/p/book/9780815365211

Watts, R. (2005). Autonomy or Dependence: Intergovernmental Financial Relations in Eleven Countries. Queen’s University (IIGR Working Paper No. 5, Canada).

Weeden, A. (2025). Effective rural policy is critical to Canada’s security, stability and sovereignty. Policy Options. https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/april-2025/rural-security-stability/