Scottish Health Information Integrity Strategy

Footnotes

1 Inventing Conflicts of Interest: A History of Tobacco Industry Tactics – PMC

2 Infodemics and health misinformation: a systematic review of reviews – PMC

3 Misinformation and Disinformation in Food Science and Nutrition: Impact on Practice – PubMed

4 Manufacturing doubt: Assessing the effects of independent vs industry-sponsored messaging about the harms of fossil fuels, smoking, alcohol, and sugar sweetened beverages – ScienceDirect

5 Online Safety Act 2023

6 The EU’s Digital Services Act

7 Disinformation and public health

8 Infodemic

9 Understanding and Addressing Misinformation About Science | The National Academies Press

10 Systematic Literature Review on the Spread of Health-related Misinformation on Social Media – ScienceDirect

11 Understanding misinformation: an exploration of UK adults’ behaviour and attitudes – Ofcom

12 Chronic Risks Analysis – GOV.UK

13 UN Global risk report | PreventionWeb

14 Ipsos | Full Fact Research_Attitudes to False Information | June 2024 | Public

15 The potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Public Health and healthcare systems

16 Human performance in detecting deepfakes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 56 papers – ScienceDirect

17 Deepfake Defences: Mitigating the Harms of Deceptive Deepfakes

18 The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction | Nature Reviews Psychology

19 The Wall of Beliefs – GCS

20 Measles: the green book, chapter 21 – GOV.UK

21 Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children – Di Pietrantonj, C – 2021 | Cochrane Library

22 Retraction—Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children – The Lancet

23 Why Parents Say No to Having Their Children Vaccinated against Measles: A Systematic Review of the Social Determinants of Parental Perceptions on MMR Vaccine Hesitancy – PMC (nih.gov)

24 Understanding and Addressing Declines in Childhood Immunisations – Understanding and Addressing Declines in Childhood Immunisations – Publications – Public Health Scotland

25 Childhood vaccines: parental attitudes survey 2025 findings – GOV.UK

26 Do Brits think vaccines have harmful effects which are not being disclosed?

27 COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMJ Open

28 Social Media Misinformation about Pregnancy and COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review – PubMed

29 SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination rates in pregnant women in Scotland | Nature Medicine

30 Strategies to Build Trust and COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence and Engagement among Minority Groups in Scotland | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science

31 Fostering Media Literacy: A Systematic Evidence Review of Intervention Effectiveness for Diverse Target Groups | Review | Media and Communication

32 Bridging the digital health divide: a narrative review of the causes, implications, and solutions for digital health inequalities – PMC

33 Pandemic Ready: Safeguarding Our Future Through Preparedness – gov.scot

34 Managing false information in health emergencies: an operational toolkit

35 TRUST Playbook | Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security

36 RESIST 2 Counter Disinformation Toolkit – GCS

37 OECD Survey on Drivers of Trust in Public Institutions – 2024 Results | OECD

38 Fostering media literacy: a systematic evidence review of intervention effectiveness for diverse target groups – LSE Research Online

39 TRUST Checklist to build trust | Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security

40 Ipsos Veracity Index 2024 | Ipsos

41 This research has not yet been published but preliminary results can be found here: Ofcom’s Healthily Informed presentation

42 Media Literacy Interventions Improve Resilience to Misinformation: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Overall Effect and Moderating Factors – Guanxiong Huang, Wufan Jia, Wenting Yu, 2024

43 Making it easier: a health literacy action plan 2017-2025 – gov.scot

44 Home – The Health Literacy Place

45 Health Literacy | Turas | Learn

46 Tackling digital exclusion

47 Connecting Scotland

48 Finland’s Media Literacy Index 2023 in English

49 Letter from the Scottish Government to Directors of Education on misleading vaccines information

50 Why do people believe health misinformation and who is at risk? A systematic review of individual differences in susceptibility to health misinformation – ScienceDirect

51 The New Health Credential: Where Trust, Lived Experience and Communication Intersect | Edelman

52 CfE Briefing 14 – Curriculum for Excellence: Political Literacy