Building standards technical handbook 2020: domestic

The building standards technical handbooks provide guidance on achieving the standards set in the Building (Scotland) Regulations 2004. This handbook applies to a building warrant submitted on or after 1 March 2021 and to building work which does not require a warrant commenced from that date.

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0.5 Buildings work, services, fittings and equipment not requiring a warrant

Regulation 5

For the purposes of section 8 (8) of the Act, any work which consists solely of a building or conversion, including the provision of services, fittings or equipment, of a kind specified in schedule 3, shall meet the standards required by regulations 8 to 12 but shall not, subject to the exceptions and conditions, require a warrant.

0.5.1 Explanation

Regulation 5 and schedule 3 specifies what work can be done without the need to obtain a building warrant. However such work must still comply with the regulations.

Building type 1 means much more work to or in houses does not need a warrant. This could include:

  • work external to, but immediately adjoining, the house (e.g. patio, decking, wall, fence, steps or ramp)

  • small penetrations of the external walls or roof (e.g. balanced flues, sanitary pipework, mechanical extract ducts or vent pipes)

  • small attachments to the external walls (e.g. canopies or micro-renewables)

  • erection, demolition or alteration of non-loadbearing partitions

  • electrical work

  • an en-suite bathroom or shower room (including associated drainage)

  • a central heating system.

The exceptions are intended to safeguard against changes that might have significant effect, such as the removal of structural walls. The following list provides some examples of the various exceptions:

  • increasing the floor area of the house (e.g. creation of a mezzanine floor or the infill of a stair well)

  • demolition or alteration of the roof (e.g. forming a dormer window or construction of a masonry chimney through the roof)

  • demolition or alteration of the external walls (e.g. slapping a new window or door, applying insulation to the external wall surface)

  • demolition or alteration of an element of structure (e.g. removal of a loadbearing wall)

  • work adversely affecting a separating wall (e.g. installing recessed electrical sockets)

  • work involving a change to wastewater discharge (e.g. disconnection from the mains system).

The exception about increasing the floor area applies because there will be significant implications arising from such work. Other changes, such as the development of a roof space or a garage as habitable space are conversions in terms of regulation 4, a warrant is required and the standards also apply. Where a roof space has limited boarding inserted to allow access to services or to allow attic storage, or where the removal of a non-loadbearing wall creates a marginal increase in floor area these should not be considered as increasing the floor area.

Building type 2 - buildings, other than domestic buildings or residential buildings, where the public are not normally admitted are granted a similar concession in type 2, allowing many offices and factories for example, to make the kind of small alterations necessary to accommodate changes in production or process. Again however the building work done should be to the standard of the building regulations. Exemptions have been added under type 2 to recognise security concerns relating to a prison, a building where a person may be legally detained or legally held in custody, the Scottish Parliament and property owned by Her Majesty in right of Her private estates.

Thus, types 1 and 2 permit virtually any work to be carried out to 1 or 2 storey houses and to non-domestic buildings not more than 7.5m high, other than the exceptions listed.

Building types 3 - 23 - the broad types described above are followed by types 3 to 23 covering more specific work that can be carried out to a wider range of buildings without restricting the work allowed by types 1 and 2. Types 3 to 23 begin with small buildings, particularly those within the curtilage of dwellings (types 4 and 5). Note that some of these may now be in the curtilage of flats or maisonettes provided they are a sufficient distance from the dwellings. A sanitary facility should not be considered to be a wet-floor shower room and such work is not intended to be covered by type 11.

Building type 23A – a building, used for shelter or sleeping in connection with recreation. This building type is different from other building types in schedule 3 in that they must comply with the requirements of standards 1.1, 3.17 – 3.22 and 4.4. Exceptions are added to recognise galleries, proximity to buildings and boundaries.

Building types 24 - 26 - are different in that they cover work that is closer to a repair than new work. These replacements are therefore required to be to a standard no worse than the existing, rather than to the standard for completely new work.

Doors, windows and rooflights which are a complete replacement are not considered to be a repair and have to meet the full requirements of the standards (see type 20). For historic buildings, where there is a specific need to match existing doors, windows or rooflights, the principle of ‘like for like’ may still be permitted.

0.5.2 Schedule 3

Table 0.3. Description of building and work, including the provision of services, fitting and equipment, not requiring a warrant

Type Description Exception
A On condition that types 1 – 23 in all respects and/or in the manner of their fitting meet any standards required by the regulations.
1. Any work to or in a house.
2. Any work to or in a non-residential building to which the public does not have access.
2A. Any work to or in a building that is a prison or a building where a person may be legally detained or otherwise legally held in custody.
2B. A building or any work to or in a building or the conversion of a building that is the Scottish Parliament.  
2C. A building or any work to or in a building or the conversion of a building belonging to Her Majesty in right of Her private estates.  
and, without prejudice to the generality of types 1 to 2C above,
3. A detached single-storey building, having an area exceeding 8 square metres but not exceeding 30 square metres.
4. A detached single-storey building, having an area exceeding 8 square metres but not exceeding 30 square metres, ancillary to and within the curtilage of a house.
5. A detached single-storey building, having an area exceeding 8 square metres but not exceeding 30 square metres, ancillary to and within the curtilage of a flat or maisonette.
6. Any work associated with a combustion appliance installation or other part of a heating installation, not being work of types 7 or 8 below.
  • Any work associated with a solid fuel appliance having an output rating more than 50kW, an oil-firing appliance with an output rating more than 45kW or a gas-fired appliance having a net input rating more than 70kW.

  • Any work associated with a chimney, flue-pipe or constructional hearth.

  • Any work associated with an oil storage tank with a capacity of more than 90 litres, including any pipework connecting the tank to a combustion appliance providing space or water heating or cooking facilities.

  • Any work adversely affecting a separating wall or separating floor.

7. Any work associated with a balanced flue serving a room-sealed appliance.  
8. Any work associated with pipework, radiators, convector heaters and thermostatic controls for, or associated with, type 6 above.  
9. Any work associated with installing a flue liner.  
10. Any work associated with refillable liquefied petroleum gas storage cylinders supplying, via a fixed pipework installation, combustion appliances used principally for providing space heating, water heating, or cooking facilities.  
11. Any work associated with the provision of a single sanitary facility, together with any relevant branch soil or waste pipe.
  • Any work associated with a water closet, waterless closet or urinal.

12. Any work associated with the relocation within the same room or space of any sanitary facility, together with any relevant branch soil or waste pipe.  
13. Any work associated with the provision of an extractor fan.  
14. Any work associated with a stairlift within a dwelling.  
15. Any work associated with the provision of a notice or other fixture for which there is no requirement provided in these regulations.  
15A. Any work associated with affixing of an energy performance certificate to a building.  
15B. Any work associated with affixing a statement to a building.  
16. Any work associated with an outdoor sign that is the subject to the Town and Country Planning (Control of Advertisements)(Scotland) Regulations 1984.  
17. Any work associated with thermal insulating material to or within a wall, ceiling, roof or floor.
  • Any work associated with the application of thermal insulating material to the outer surface of an external wall.

18. A wall not exceeding 1.2m in height, or a fence not exceeding 2m in height.  
19. Any work associated with open raised external decking.
  • Decking at a height of more than 1.2m.

  • Decking that forms part of any access provided to comply with the requirements in regulation 9 and paragraph 4.1 of schedule 5.

  • Decking that forms any escape route other than from a flat or Maisonette, provided to comply with the requirements in regulation 9 and paragraph 2.9 of schedule 5.

20. A door, window or rooflight when the work includes replacing the frame.  
21. A paved area or hardstanding exceeding 50 square metres in area but not exceeding 200 square metres in area. A paved area forming part of an access to meet a requirement of these regulations.  
22. An electrical installation, including a circuit for telecommunication, alarm purposes or for the transmission of sound, vision or data, which operates at extra-low voltage (not exceeding 50 volts alternating current or 120 volts direct current, measured between conductors or to earth) and which is not connected directly or indirectly to an electricity supply which operates at a voltage higher than either of those specified above.  
23. The construction of a ramp not exceeding 5m in length.  
AA On condition that this type in all respects and/or in the manner of their fitting meet the requirements of Standards 1.1, 3.17, 3.18, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 3.22 and 4.4 of schedule 5.
23A.

A detached single-storey building used for shelter or sleeping in connection with recreation.

Interpretation of this paragraph.

In this paragraph, "gallery" means a raised floor or platform which is open to the room or space into which it projects and is not enclosed below.

  • A dwelling.

  • A building having an area exceeding 30 square metres.

  • A building ancillary to another building.

  • A building within 6 meters of a boundary or of another building.

  • Any wastewater disposal system serving a building of this type.

  • A building containing a gallery or galleries unless the gallery, or where there is more than one gallery, the galleries together occupy an area not more than -

    1. 8 square meters, or

    2. one-half of the area of the room or space in which it is situated,

      whichever is the lesser.

B On condition that this work, service, fitting or equipment is to a standard no worse than at present.
24. Any work associated with the replacement of a fitting or equipment, in whole or in part, by another of the same general type, including a sanitary facility (together with any relevant branch soil or waste pipe), rainwater gutter or downpipe, solid fuel combustion appliance, electrical fixture, ventilation fan, chimney or flue outlet fitting or terminal, fire hydrant or main, lift or escalator, solid waste chute or container, kitchen fitments or other fitted furniture and ironmongery.
  • Any door, window or rooflight.

  • Any oil firing or gas fired boiler.

25. Any work associated with the replacement in whole or in part, by material of the same general type, of flooring, lining, cladding, covering or rendering either internally or externally.  
26. Any work to a door, window or rooflight, including glazing which is not a complete replacement falling within type 20 above.  
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