Tagging and Tracking of Seabirds on the West Coast of Scotland

8. References

Aarts, G., Fieberg, J. & Matthiopoulos, J., 2012. Comparative interpretation of count, presence–absence and point methods for species distribution models. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3(1), pp.177-187.Agostinelli, C. & Lund, U. 2024. R package 'circular'. Circular Statistics (version 0.5-1).

Alston, J. M., Fleming, C. H., Kays, R., Streicher, J. P., Downs, C. T., Ramesh, T., ... & Calabrese, J. M. (2023). Mitigating pseudoreplication and bias in resource selection functions with autocorrelation‐informed weighting. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 14(2), 643-654.

Bates D, Mächler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015). “Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4.” Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48. doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01.

Beal, M., Oppel, S., Handley, J., Pearmain, E.J., Morera-Pujol, V., Carneiro, A.P., Davies, T.E., Phillips, R.A., Taylor, P.R., Miller, M.G., Franco, A.M.A., Catry, I., Patrício, A.R., Regalla, A., Staniland, I., Boyd, C., Catry, P. & Dias, M.P., 2021. track2KBA. An R package for identifying important sites for biodiversity from tracking data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 12, 2372-2378, doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13713

BEIS 2021. Net Zero Strategy. Build Back Greener, ISBN 978-1-5286-2938-6. (accessed 20/10/2024).

Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models Usinglme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1).

Blake, B.F., Tasker, M.L., Hope Jones, P., Dixon, T.J., Mitchell, R. & Langslow, D.R. 1984. Seabird distribution in the North Sea. Nature Conservancy Council, Huntingdon.

Bloor, P., Reid, J., Webb, A., Begg, G. and Tasker, M. 1996. The distribution of seabirds and cetaceans between Shetland and the Faroe Islands. JNCC Report No. 226

Bodey, T.W., Jessopp, M.J., Votier, S.C., Gerritsen, H.D., Cleasby, I.R., Hamer, K.C., Patrick, S.C., Wakefield, E.D. & Bearhop, S. 2014. Seabird movement reveals the ecological footprint of fishing vessels. Current Biology 24, R514-R515.

Bolton, M. 2020. GPS tracking reveals highly consistent use of restricted foraging areas by European Storm-petrels Hydrobates pelagicus breeding at the largest UK colony. implications for conservation management. Bird Conservation International 31, 35–52. doi:10.1017/S0959270920000374

Boyce, M.S. and McDonald, L.L., 1999. Relating populations to habitats using resource selection functions. Trends in ecology & evolution, 14(7), pp.268-272.

Bradbury, G., Shackshaft, M., Scott-Hayward, L., Rexstad, E, Miller, D. & Edwards, D. 2017. Risk assessment of seabird bycatch in UK waters. Report to Defra No. MB0126. WWT Consulting, Slimbridge.

Buckland, S.T., Burt, M.L., Rexstad, E.A., Mellor, M., Williams, A.E. & Woodward, R. 2012. Aerial surveys of seabirds. the advent of digital methods. Journal of Applied Ecology 49, 960–967. doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02150.x

Burnell, D., Perkins, A.J., Newton, S.F., Bolton, M., Tierney, T.D. and Dunn, T.E., 2023. Seabirds Count: a census of breeding seabirds in Britain and Ireland (2015-2021). Lynx Nature Books.

Cox, S.L., Miller, P.I., Embling, C., Scales, K.L., Bicknell, A.W.J., Hosegood, P., Morgan, G., Ingram, S.N. & Votier, S.C. 2016. Seabird diving behaviour reveals the functional significance of shelf-sea fronts as foraging hotspots. Royal Society Open Science 3, 160317. doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160317

Critchley, E.J., Grecian, W.J., Bennison, A., Kane, A., Wischnewski, S., Canadas, A., Tierney, D., Quinn, J.L. & Jessop, M.J. 2019. Assessing the effectiveness of foraging radius models for seabird distributions using biotelemetry and survey data. Ecography 43, 184–196.

Crown Estate Scotland (2022). Offshore Wind Farm Areas (Updated October 2024), Crown Estate Scotland Spatial Hub.

Davis, P. 1957. The breeding of the Storm-petrel. British Birds 50, 85–101.

Deakin, Z., Hansen, S., H., Luxmoore, R., Thomas, R. J., Wood, M., J., Padget, O., Medeiros, R., Aitchison, R., Ausden, M., Barnard, R., Booth, V., Hansen, B., R., Hansen, E., A., Hey, J., Hilmarsson, J., Ó., Hoyer, P., Kirby, W., Luxmoore, A., Mcdevitt, A., M,. Meulemans, F., M., Moore, P., Sanderson, F., Sigursteinsson, M., Taylor, P., R., Thomspson, P., Trotman, D., Wallisch, K., Wallisch, N., Watson, D., & Bolton, M. 2021. Decline of Leach’s Storm-petrels Hydrobates leucorhous at the largest colonies in the northeast Atlantic, Seabird 33, 74–106.

Deakin, Z., Cook, C., Daunt, F., McCluskie, A., Morley, N., Witcutt, E., Wright, L. & Bolton, M. 2022. A review to inform the assessment of the risk of collision and displacement in petrels and shearwaters from offshore wind developments in Scotland, Scottish Government.

Dean, B., Freeman, R., Kirk, H., Leonard, K., Phillips, R.A., Perrins, C.M. & Guilford, T. 2013. Behavioural mapping of a pelagic seabird: combining multiple sensors and a hidden Markov model reveals the distribution of at-sea behaviour. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 10, 20120570. doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0570

D'Elbee, J. and Hemery, G., 1998. Diet and foraging behaviour of the British Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus in the Bay of Biscay during summer. Ardea, 86(1), pp.1-10.

Esri (2021). ArcGIS Pro, Version. 2.8.8

Frederiksen, M. & Naess, I.E. 2010. Action plan for seabirds in Western-Nordic areas. Report from a workshop in Malmo, Sweden, 4-5- May 2010. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen.

Gilbert, G., Gibbons, D. W. & Evans, J. 1998. Bird Monitoring Methods: A Manual of Techniques for Key U.K. Species. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy.

Chacon & Duong (2018) KS ‘Kernel Smoothing’ R-package

Lewis, S., Sherratt, T.N., Hamer, K.C. & Wanless, S. 2001. Evidence of intra-specific competition for food in a pelagic seabird. Nature 412, 816–819. doi.org/10.1038/35090566

Lisovski, S. and Hahn, S. 2012. GeoLight - processing and analysing light-based geolocator data in R. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3(6), 1055-1059.

Lisovski, S., Wotherspoon, S. and Sumner, M. 2016. _TwGeos: Basic data processing for light-level geolocation archival tags_. R package version 0.1.2.

Marine Scotland Science 2018. Scoping ‘Areas of Search’ Study for offshore wind energy in Scottish Waters. Aberdeen.

Mercker, M., Schwemmer, P., Peschko, V., Enners, L. and Garthe, S., 2021. Analysis of local habitat selection and large-scale attraction/avoidance based on animal tracking data: is there a single best method?. Movement Ecology, 9(1), p.20.

Mitchell, P.I., Newton, S.F., Ratcliffe, N. & Dunn, T. (Eds.) 2004. Seabird Populations of Britain and Ireland. results of the Seabird 2000 census (1998–2002). T & A.D. Poyser, London.

Moffat, C., Baxter, J., Berx, B., Bosley, K., Boulcott, P., Cox, M., Cruickshank, L., Gillham, K., Haynes, V., Roberts, A., Vaughan, D. & Webster, L. (Eds.). 2020. Scotland's Marine Assessment 2020. Scottish Government.

Morris, C.D., Duck, C.D. & Thompson, D. 2021. Aerial surveys of seals in Scotland during the harbour seal moult, 2016-2019. NatureScot Research Report 1256.

Paton, R.S. and Matthiopoulos, J., 2016. Defining the scale of habitat availability for models of habitat selection. Ecology, 97(5), pp.1113-1122.

Phillips, J.A., Guilford, T. and Fayet, A.L., 2023. How do resource distribution and taxonomy affect the use of dual foraging in seabirds? A review. Behavioral Ecology, 34(5), pp.769-779.

Pollet, I.L., Ronconi, R.A., Leonard, M.L. and Shutler, D., 2019. Migration routes and stopover areas of Leach's Storm-petrels Oceanodroma leucorhoa. Marine Ornithology, 47, pp.55-65.

Pollock, C.M., Mavor, R., Weir, C.R., Reid, A., White, R.W., Tasker, M.L., Webb, A. and Reid, J.B., 2000. The distribution of seabirds and marine mammals in the Atlantic Frontier, north and west of Scotland. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee.

Posit team (2023). RStudio. Integrated Development Environment for R. Posit Software, PBC, Boston, MA. Version. 2023.12.0.369 “Ocean Storm”

R Core Team (2023). R. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.

Scottish government (2020). Securing a green recovery on a path to net zero. climate change plan 2018–2032 – update, ISBN 9781800044302. (Accessed 20/10/2024)

Stanbury, A. J., Burns, F., Aebischer, N., J., Baker, H., Balmer, D., E., Brown, A., Dunn, T., Lindley, P., Murphy, M., Noble, M., G., Owens, R. & Quinn, L. 2024. The status of the UK’s breeding seabirds: an addendum to the fifth Birds of Conservation Concern in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man and second IUCN Red List assessment of extinction risk for Great Britain, British Birds 117, 471–487

Sumner, M.D., Wotherspoon, S.J. and Hindell, M.A. 2009. Bayesian estimation of animal movement from archival and satellite tags. PLoS ONE 4(10).

Wakefield, E.D., Owen, E., Baer, J., Daunt, F., Dodd, S.G., Green, J.A., Guilford, T., Mavor, R., Miller, P.I., Newell, M., Newton, S.F., Robertson, G., Shoji, A., Soanes, L.M., Votier, S., Wanless, S. & Bolton, M. 2017. Breeding density, fine-scale tracking and large-scale modelling reveal the regional distribution of four seabird species. Ecological Applications 27, 2074–2091. doi.org/10.1002/eap.1591

Webb, A., Elgie, M., Irwin, C., Pollock, C. & Barton, C. 2016. Sensitivity of offshore seabird concentrations to oil pollution around the United Kingdom. Report to Oil & Gas UK. Document No HP00061701. hub.jncc.gov.uk/assets/4253a571-146c-48bf-bf06-6fb29b8f59b1

Williams, J.M., Tasker, M.L. Carter, I.C. & Webb, A. 1994. A method of assessing seabird vulnerability to surface pollutants. Ibis 137, S147–S152. 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1995.tb08435.x

Data references:

Tozer, B, Sandwell, D. T., Smith, W. H. F., Olson, C., Beale, J. R., & Wessel, P. (2019). Global bathymetry and topography at 15 arc sec: SRTM15+. Earth and Space Science, 6, 1847.

Office for National Statistics (2025): International Territorial Level 1 Boundaries UK BFC (British Coastline) (Accessed January 2025)

GADM Administrative Boundary Shapefiles (2025) (Accessed January 2025)

JNCC (2022a) Special Protection Areas (SPAs) with marine components (all UK waters) (Accessed February 2025) Special Protection Areas (SPAs) with marine components (all UK waters) | JNCC Resource Hub

JNCC (2022b) Scottish Marine Protected Areas – WMS Layer Scottish Marine Protected Areas - WMS layer | JNCC Resource Hub (Accessed February 2025)

Marine Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI) (2021)

Open Data Portal (2024) Irish Open Data Portal Data.gov.ie (Accessed January 2025)

Vasquez M., Allen H., Manca E., Castle L., Lillis H., Agnesi S., Al Hamdani Z, Annunziatellis A., Askew N, Bekkby T., Bentes L., Doncheva V., Drakopoulou V., Duncan G., Gonçalves J., Inghilesi R., Laamanen L., Loukaidi V., Martin S., McGrath F., Mo G., Monteiro P., Muresan M., Nikilova C., O'keeffe E., Peschi R., Pinder J., Populus J., Ridgeway A., Sakellariou D., Teaca A., Tempera F., Todorova V., Tunesi L., Virtanen E. (2021). EUSeaMap 2021. A European broad-scale seabed habitat map. Ref. D1.13 EASME/EMFF/2018/1.3.1.8/Lot2/SI2.810241– EMODnet Thematic Lot n° 2 – Seabed Habitats EUSeaMap 2021 - Technical Report. EMODnet.