Socio-economic Baseline Review for Offshore Renewables in Scottish Waters Volume 1: Main Text

8. East Region

8.1 Introduction

The regional overview for each marine use present within the East SORER is detailed within this section. These sub-sections, which are arranged in alpaetical order of activity, provide information in a uniformed manner under the following headings:

• Regional Activity;
• Regional Economic Value and Employment; and
• Future Trends.

The activities present within the East Region are given in Table 207 below.

Table 207. Activities present within the East SORER

Activity	Present in East SORER		Regional Trends Available		Future Trends Available
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Aquaculture		√
Aviation	√		√		√
Carbon Capture and Storage		√
Coast Protection and Flood Defence	√			√		√
Commercial Fisheries	√			√		√
Energy Generation	√			√		√
Military Interests	√			√		√
Oil and Gas	√			√	√
Ports and Harbours	√		√		√
Power Interconnectors	√		√		√
Recreational Boating	√			√		√
Shipping	√		√		√
Social and Community	√		√		√
Telecom Cables	√			√		√
Tourism	√			√		√
Waste Disposal	√		√		√
Water Sports	√			√	√

8.2 Aviation

8.2.1 Regional Activity

Airports in this region include the 'major' airport Edinburgh and the 'minor' airport Dundee (Figure 3).

Edinburgh airport is Scotland's busiest airport, handling 9 mp.a. broadly similar to the combined throughput of Glasgow and Aberdeen. Of this figure, 4.9million are domestic passengers travelling to/from other UK destinations including the Scottish Islands. An extensive network of Euro p.a. flights operates from Edinburgh and additionally a small number of services to the Eastern seaboard of America ( ABPmer, RPA and SQW, 2011). There are no existing promulgated helicopter routes local to the Forth where the short term OWF options are concentrated (Marine Scotland, 2010c)

The number of ATMs, passengers (terminal and transit) and freight movements through the two airports in this region, are shown in Table 208.

Table 208. Summary of activity at Scottish airports in the East Region

Airport	ATMs	Terminal Passengers	Transit Passengers	Freight (tonnes)
Edinburgh	111,059	9,043,452	5,903	23,791
Dundee	4,159	72,466	29	0

ATM = Air Transport Movements. All totals include scheduled and chartered flights.

(Source: CAA, 2009)

Information on the location of NERL infrastructure systems (radar) in this region are provided by SeaEnergy Renewables, (2010), based on an assessment of the potential impacts of wind turbines on NATS infrastructure, and is shown in Table 209.

Table 209. Location of NERL radar in the East Region

Radar	Easting	Northing	Range (nm)	Bearing (True) (°)
Claxby Radar	512440	396150	196.9	340.5
Great Dun Fell Radar	371030	532210	110.7	2.8
Lowther Hill Radar	289020	610710	84.8	35.1
Perwinnes Radar	392190	813510	41.7	187.1
Tiree Radar	96820	740140	154.3	86.6

(Source: SeaEnergy Renewables, 2010)

8.2.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

In 2008, Edinburgh airport supported 7,710 jobs across Scotland with 3,530 people directly employed at the airport, 1,520 people employed within the city and the remainder being employed indirectly through supply chains and associated service providers. The airport contributed £146.2 million to the Scottish GVA, of which £118.4million was in the city region alone (Edinburgh Airport, 2011). York Aviation (2009) estimated that if the airport was able to develo p.a. per its Master Plan, the number of jobs supported in the Edinburgh City region would increase to about 12,790 FTEs and to about 16,040 FTEs in Scotland in 2030. It was estimated that the airport would make a corresponding contribution to GVA of about £702.3 million on the Edinburgh City region and £867.2 million of GVA per annum in Scotland as a whole (York Aviation, 2009).

8.2.3 Future Trends

The 2011 Edinburgh Airport Master Plan (Edinburgh Airport, 2011) forecasts that between 2010 and 2020 passenger numbers will increase from 9 mp.a.to 12.3 mp.a. aircraft movements (the number of take offs and landings) will increase from 116,200 to 141,300 per annum and cargo and mail tonnage will increase from 53,300 to 56,300 per annum. Between 2020 and 2040, it was forecast that passenger numbers could increase further to 20.5 mp.a. aircraft movements could increase to 200,600 per annum and that cargo and mail tonnage could grow to 81,900 tonnes per year.

Additional forecast information is provided by the DfT UK Aviation forecast ( DfT, 2011). Table 210 shows the constrained (maximum use) passenger capacity and ATM forecasts up to the year 2050 for Edinburgh airport.

Table 210. Constrained terminal passenger and ATM 'central' forecasts for major Scottish airports in the East Region

Numbers/Movements	Airport	2010	2020	2030	2040	2050
Terminal passengers ( mp.a.	Edinburgh	9	13	15	20	20
Air Transport Movements (000's)	Edinburgh	100	170	190	230	180

(Source: DfT, 2011)

8.3 Coast Protection and Flood Defence

8.3.1 Regional Activity

There are five flood defence schemes, three coast defence schemes and a managed realignment scheme in this region (Figure 176). The location, year of approval/construction and size of each scheme (where known) are shown in Table 211.

Table 211. Location and details of flood and coastal defence schemes in the East Region

Location	Type of Scheme	Construction Date (Where Known)	Area (Where Known)
Carnoustie	Flood protection	No data	No data
Tayview Caravan Park Monifieth	Flood protection	No data	No data
Kincardine-on-Forth	Flood protection	No data	No data
Bo'ness Foreshore	Flood protection	No data	No data
Prestonpans	Flood protection	No data	No data
Carnoustie	Coast protection	Approved 2003	0.54 km (length)
Tayview Caravan Park Monifieth	Coast protection	Approved 2003	0.4 km (length)
Wemyss and Dysart	Coast protection	Approved 2000	No data
Skinflats	Managed realignment	Constructed 2010	12ha (area)

(Source: Baxter et al, 2011)

8.3.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

It is not possible to assign an economic value to flood and coastal defences, however, Table 212 shows the economic costs (where known) of the flood and coastal defences in this region.

Table 212. Cost of coast protection schemes in the East Region since 2000

Location	Cost (£million; where known)
Carnoustie (Flood defence)	0.5
Tayview Caravan Park Monifieth (Flood defence)	n/a
Kincardine-on-Forth	0.7
Bo'ness Foreshore	7.5
Prestonpans	n/a
Carnoustie (Coast protection)	0.6
Tayview Caravan Park Monifieth (Coast protection)	0.4
Wemyss and Dysart	4.8
Skinflats	n/a

(Source: Baxter et al, 2011)

There are no direct employment figures relating to this activity.

8.3.3 Future Trends

There is no specific information on future trends for this region. For national projections refer to Section 2.5.3.

8.4 Commercial Fisheries

8.4.1 Regional Activity

8.4.1.1 Fish catching activities

Landings caught by UK vessels within the East SORER had an average annual value of £23.9 million (6.2% of the Scottish total) and an average annual live weight of 15,600 tonnes (3.6% of the Scottish total) for the ten year period from 2001 to 2010.

Figures 177 to 180 show the annual average value (2001 to 2010) of the total landings taken from within this region, broken down for each ICES rectangle by species group, selected species, gear type and vessel length.

Figures 181 to 183 show the value of all landings caught in the inshore and offshore waters of the West SORER waters by selected species, gear type and vessel length categories from 2001 to 2010.

The majority of the value and volume of landings from within the East SORER are shellfish (98% of the value of landings were shellfish in 2010), however, there is a difference between the main species caught in inshore waters (within 12 nm from the coast) and offshore waters (greater than 12 nm from the coast). Inshore, landings of Nephrops accounted for 56% of the total catch value in 2010, whilst scallops made up 6% and other shellfish made up 36% of the total catch value. Offshore, landings of Nephrops accounted for 38% of the total catch value in 2010, 12% were haddock and 11% were scallops.

In 2010, 50% of the value of landings from inshore waters were taken by vessels 10m and under in length, compared with 35% landed by vessels over 10m and under 15m and 15% landed by vessels 15m and over. Offshore, 76% of the value of landings was taken by vessels 15m and over in length.

For inshore waters, 58% of the total catch value was taken by Nephrops trawls and 32% by pots; whereas for offshore waters, 42% was taken by Nephrops trawls and 26% by demersal trawls.

Figures 184 and 185 show all the overflight (surveillance) sightings by vessel type and nationality in the region from 2006 to 2010. The East Region has the least amount of fishing activity by sightings at 1% of the national total. Most of the activity is within the 12 NM and is carried out by British (95%) vessels. Demersal trawlers operate within the Firth of Forth while other gear types are seen working within the 12 NM limit and other trawls are predominant in the offshore area.

The main administrative fishing ports in this region are Eyemouth and Pittenween and there are also 13 smaller ports throughout the region. All the ports are shown in Figure 186.

8.4.1.2 Fish processing activities

The decline in demersal landings in recent years has led to a reduction in the onshore fish-handling labour force, particularly expert filleters. The main local centres of demersal fish processing are at Arbroath and Eyemouth. Arbroath is famous for the Arbroath Smokie (haddock smoked in a traditional way within an 8 km radius of Arbroath) which has received official protection by the EU's Protected Geographical Indication ( PGI) scheme. This scheme promotes and protects names of quality agricultural products and foodstuffs that are closely linked to the geographical area. The scheme helps producers to obtain a premium price for quality products according to tradition in a specified location. With good market recognition the product can create value, increase demand, avoid use of cheaper or lower quality raw materials, secure local jobs and so contribute to the local economy.

To remain competitive, some Arbroath fish processors have diversified into smoking salmon and trout as well as haddock using the same equipment and skills. The largest processing company in the Arbroath area employs around 90 people.

8.4.1.3 Wild salmon and sea trout

There are 4 fixed engine (3 in the North and 1 in the South of the region) and 5 net and coble netting sites (2 in the North and 3 along the upper reaches of the Firth of Forth) in the East SORER (see Figure 186).

The main rod and line fishing rivers in this region are the North Esk (salmon), South Esk (salmon and sea trout), Tummel (salmon), Tay (the largest of Scotland's salmon rivers), Earn (salmon and sea trout), Alan (salmon and sea trout), Teith and Forth (one of the best salmon rivers in Central Scotland), Tyne - East Lothian (sea trout), Whiteadder (salmon and sea trout), Tweed (salmon and sea trout) Teviot (salmon and sea trout), Ettrick and Yarrow (salmon) (Gray J., 2009).

8.4.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

8.4.2.1 Fish catching activities

This is one of the smaller regional fisheries in the UK and employs the smallest number of fishermen compared with the five other SORERs, however, it is very important to many of the people who live there. The East SORER is covered by the administrative ports of Eyemouth and Pittenween. There are 356 fishermen employed on Scottish based vessels in these districts; 268 of these are employed full-time and 88 are part-time. There are 225 active vessels registered in these districts, 181 of which are 10m and under in length.

In the Eyemouth Travel-to-Work area, between 10% an 15% of total employment is involved directly in the fishing sector (Baxter et al., 2011).

8.4.2.2 Fish processing activities

The ONS (2011) and Employment Survey statistics for processing activities in the East SORER are shown in Table 213.

Table 213. Employment in fish and shellfish processing and retail in the East SORER

SIC Code	Full-time Employment		Part-time Employment		Total Employment
	2009	2010	2009	2010	2009	2010
Processing and preserving of fish, crustaceans and molluscs ( SIC 10200)	1625	1071	223	155	1849	1227

(Source: ONS, 2011)

8.4.2.3 Wild salmon and sea trout

There is no specific information on economic value and employment for this region. For a national overview refer to Section 2.6.3.

8.4.3 Future Trends

There is no specific information on future trends for this region. For national projections refer to Section 2.6.3.

8.5 Energy Generation

8.5.1 Regional Activity

Major power stations located within this region include Torness, Cockenzie and Longannet. Further information on these is provided in the national section, ( Section 2.7.3).

8.5.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

Information on regional economic value for energy generation is not available. The connectivity of the electricity grid means that the region cannot be delineated. In addition, data availability on electricity generation and supply is very limited due to security issues.

Employment in the electricity sector in the East Region can be estimated through looking at statistics from the ONS (2011) and Employment Survey. Figures for 2009 and 2010 for full and part time work under several relevant codes are given in Table 214. In both 2009 and 2010, there were over 16,000 jobs which were directly dependent on the electricity sector. It is likely that the number of jobs directly or indirectly involved with the wider energy generation sector was much higher since other SIC codes (for example, those relating to engineering activities, analysis and testing) will also be relevant. However, they have been omitted from this table to avoid overestimation and double counting with other sectors (e.g. oil and gas). Since offshore wind is proposed for areas both within and without the 12 nm limit for the East Region (see Inch Cape, Neart na Gaoithe and Round 3 wind zone in Figure 187), direct employment in the electricity sector (and wider energy generation) may increase.

Table 214. Employment in the electricity sector in East by SIC Code

SIC Code, 2007	Full-time		Part-time		Totals
	2009	2010	2009	2010	2009	2010
Production of electricity (3511)	3543	4340	354	434	3897	4774
Transmission of electricity (3512)	178	161	6	11	184	172
Distribution of electricity (3513)	1140	1080	129	149	1269	1229
Trade of electricity (3514)	106	103	0	3	106	106
Construction of utility projects for electricity and telecommunications (4222)	35	64	0	4	35	68
Electrical installation (4321)	10570	9554	505	323	11075	9877
Totals (note that totals may not sum exactly due to rounding)	15,572	15,302	994	924	16,566	16,226

8.5.3 Future Trends

There is no specific information on future trends for this region. For national projections refer to Section 2.7.3.

8.6 Military Interests

8.6.1 Regional Activity

The coastal military locations which occur within this region are shown in Figure 188. Military interests in this region include:

• Barry Buddon Army Base;
• Leuchars RAF Base (see text below);
• HMS Caledonia Royal Navy Defence Equipment and Support ( DE&S) site;
• Defence Munitions Centre ( DMC) Crombie;
• A Royal Navy SXA covering inshore and offshore waters East of the Firth of Forth; and
• A 'firing danger' and 'other' exercise area in offshore waters to the East of the Royal Navy SXA.

With respect to military aviation, RAF Leuchars is currently a Forward Operating Base for the new fleet of Typhoons and as such will become a training facility for low flying aircraft. There are unconfirmed reports that the air base could close in favour of retaining RAF Lossiemouth in the North East SORER ( ABPmer, RPA and SQW, 2011). Military radar installations in this region include: RAF Leuchars Primary Surveillance Radar ( PSR) and RAF Leuchars Precision Approach Radar ( PAR) (Mainstream Renewable Power, 2009).

8.6.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

The MOD Quarterly Manning Report (Defence Personnel by location) issued in August 2011, provides the number of MOD personnel (civilian and military) employed in each LA area at 1 July 2011 ( MOD, 2011a). About nineteen of these LAs fall entirely or partially within the East Region and the number of MOD personnel which are employed within each of these LA areas is shown in Table 215. However, as the LA areas do not align with the SORER boundaries, the values should only be taken as indicative values for comparison between areas.

Table 215. MOD personnel by local authority areas which lie within the East Region

Local Authority ( LA) Area	SORER*	MOD total	Civilian	Military
Clac kmannanshire	E	0	0	0
Dundee City	E	70	40	30
East Lothian	E	0	0	0
City of Edinburgh	E	1840	1440	400
Falkirk	E	10	0	10
Fife	E	1960	1280	690
Midlothian	E	600	560	40
North Lanarkshire	E, W	0	0	0
Scottish Borders	E	0	0	0
West Lothian	E	10	0	0
Angus	E, NE	920	870	50
Perth & Kinross	E, W	30	10	20
South Lanarkshire	E, W	10	0	10
East Dunbartonshire	E & W	0	0	0
Aberdeenshire	NE, E	60	20	40
Dumfries and Galloway	SW & E, W	20	0	20
East Ayrshire	W, E	0	0	0
Glasgow City	W, E	1630	630	1000
Stirling	W, E	350	80	270

* Note LAs may occur within more than one SORER. Where this is the case, the SORER containing the largest proportion of the LA (visually assessed) is listed first, and subsequent SORERs contain decreasing proportions of the LA; '&' indicates that the LA ap p.a.s to occupy roughly equal proportions of more than one SORERs.

(Source: MOD, 2011a)

8.6.3 Future Trends

There is no specific information on future trends for this region. For national projections refer to Section 2.8.3.

8.7 Oil and Gas

8.7.1 Regional Activity

In this region, Oil and Gas activity is concentrated in offshore waters, predominantly along the Eastern edge of the SORER. Oil and Gas pipelines within this region connect to terminals in England. There are 16 producing hydrocarbon fields in this region (14 producing oil and 2 condensate) ( DECC website ^[68] ), see Figure 189.

Information on the annual production of crude oil from hydrocarbon fields in the UKCS are provided by DECC ^[69] . Based on this data, the quantities of crude oil produced from hydrocarbon fields located within the East SORER between 2008 and 2010 are shown in Table 216. Indicative estimates of the total production of crude oil from hydrocarbon fields within this region ranged between 1.3 to 1.5million tonnes each year during this time period. Gas production statistics are not allocated to hydrocarbon fields and hence it was not possible to estimate gas production from fields within this region.

Table 216. Crude oil production from hydrocarbon fields located within the East Region

Field Name	Crude Oil Production 2008 (tonnes)	Crude Oil Production 2009 (tonnes)	Crude Oil Production 2010 (tonnes)
Affleck		9,454	107,202
Auk	181,030	172,471	132,545
Clyde	113,122	134,939	107,587
Curlew	115,343	30,144	66,904
Curlew C	72,715	68,628	124,526
Fulmar	136,838	107,223	66,483
Halley	38,925	31,954	11,093
James	58,384	55,339	49,149
Janice	34,885	77,262	124,738
Joanne	142,913	89,760	126,621
Judy	468,025	301,783	272,691
Leven	8,955	8,532	10,517
Medwin	15,474	14,646	10,788
Nethan	0	2,343	7,209
Orion	192,056	166,542	130,076
Total	1,578,665	1,271,020	1,348,131

(Source: Based on DECC Production Figures, 2011)

8.7.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

In 2008, the average oil price was £379.80/tonne ^[70] . Using this price, an indicative economic value of the crude oil produced from hydrocarbon fields within this SORER in 2008 was calculated as about £600 million. Average oil prices for 2009 and 2010 were not available at the time of writing to estimate indicative values in these years.

An indication of the level of employment provided by the Oil and Gas sector in this region is obtained from the Oil and Gas UK, 2011 document which suggests that between 10,000 to 25,000 people are employed however, it must be noted that the West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine Parliamentary Constituency spans part of the North East and East SORERs and hence this level of employment cannot be considered to occur entirely within the East SORER.

Further information on employment within this sector is provided by the ONS ABI and is shown in Table 217.

Table 217. ABI employment figures for oil and gas related activities in the East Region

SIC, 2007	Full-time Employees		Part-time Employees
	2009	2010	2009	2010
Extraction of crude petroleum ( SIC 06100)	140	150	6	11
Extraction of natural gas ( SIC 06200)	0	13	0	1
Construction of utility projects for fluids ( SIC 42210)	92	79	1	2
Support activities for petroleum and natural gas extraction ( SIC 09100)	193	173	6	6
Transport via pipeline ( SIC 49500)	0	0	0	0

(Source: ONS, 2011)

8.7.3 Future Trends

There is one hydrocarbon field under development in this region. Jasmine is a gas condensate field under development, with an estimated production start date of October 2012 and total recoverable reserves of about 175mm boe. For national projections refer to Section 2.9.3.

8.8 Ports and Harbours

8.8.1 Regional Activity

The Central Belt is the focus of much of Scotland's container shipping industry as well as the main point of entry for significantly high levels of coal imports, much of which is transported on to England. The port of Montrose is an example of a highly diversified general cargo port. It is the largest pulp handling port in Scotland and one of the largest in the UK ( BPA, 2008). Figure 190 shows the locations of all ports in this region.

Forth Ports run a group of regionally based ports in the central belt of Scotland and Tayside; namely Grangemouth, Rosyth, Fife Ports, Leith, Kirkcaldy and Dundee. Grangemouth is Scotland's largest container port, serving both the Glasgow and Edinburgh Metropolitan Regions, and hosts the Grangemouth Oil Refinery with around nine millions tonnes of cargo passing through the port each year. The Port of Rosyth has runs a passenger and freight ferry service for the route to Zeebrugge. The Fife ports supply facilities for bulk handling, particularly timber. Leith handles cruise vessels, naval vessels and bulk materials including coal and cement. In 2009, the Forth alone handled in 36.7 million tonnes of cargo, by far the majority being Oil and Gas, mostly through the marine terminals at Hound Point and Braefoot. The Port of Kirkcaldy recently re-opened for the importation of wheat directly to a quayside tenant. The port of Dundee (in the Firth of Tay) handles oils for the Nynas refinery, agricultural cargos, Oil and Gas support and forest products. The tonnages handled within this SORER are shown in Table 218.

Table 218. East Region major port tonnages

Port		1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003
Montrose	Import	402,267	446,884	515,381	467,850	486,122	578,000
	Export	158,260	167,421	206,079	207,203	241,733	220,000
	Total	560,527	614,305	721,460	675,053	727,855	798,000
Dundee	Import	811,870	801,889	757,033	829,082	827,081	753,000
	Export	249,568	270,076	289,549	271,824	275,777	264,000
	Total	1,061,438	1,071,965	1,046,582	1,100,906	1,102,858	1,016,000
Perth	Import	232,989	240,175	264,238	211,634	167,828	137,000
	Export	6,817	1,851	1,291	6,294	8,309	7,000
	Total	239,806	242,026	265,529	217,928	176,137	144,000
Forth	Import	4,283,721	3,263,326	3,929,079	4,972,300	4,865,052	4,446,000
	Export	40,116,516	42,132,344	37,213,552	36,634,933	37,336,704	34,306,000
	Total	44,400,232	45,395,668	41,142,631	41,607,233	42,201,756	38,752,000
Port		2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009
Montrose	Import	585,000	466,000	397,000	366,000	413,000	282,586
	Export	192,000	232,000	244,000	216,000	196,000	139,921
	Total	777,000	697,000	640,000	582,000	609,000	422,507
Dundee	Import	766,000	905,000	918,000	809,000	788,000	632,267
	Export	291,000	317,000	284,000	226,000	190,000	177,675
	Total	1,058,000	1,222,000	1,202,000	1,035,000	978,000	809,942
Perth	Import	150,000	133,000	147,000	144,000	141,000	119,678
	Export	9,000	7,000	1,000	0	1,000	5,663
	Total	159,000	139,000	148,000	144,000	141,000	125,341
Forth	Import	3,966,000	4,778,000	5,353,000	5,431,000	4,856,000	4,308,891
	Export	30,926,000	29,440,000	26,203,000	31,249,000	34,199,000	32,381,294
	Total	34,892,000	34,218,000	31,556,000	36,681,000	39,054,000	36,690,185

Values shown are annualized import and export tonnages

(Source: DfT, 2010)

In addition to the larger ports in this region, there are a further 29 ports and harbours all of which are detailed in Table 219.

Table 219. East Regional ports

Port	Operator	Type
Anstruther	Fife Council Harbours	Local Authority
Arbroath	Angus Council	Local Authority
Burnmouth		Trust
Burntisland	Forth Ports	Private
Carron		Private
Cove		Private
Crail		Local Authority
Dunbar		Trust
Dundee	Forth Ports	Private
Dysart		Local Authority
Elie		Private
Eyemouth	Eyemouth Harbour Trust	Trust
Fisherrow		Local Authority
Gourdon	Aberdeenshire Harbours	Local Authority
Grangemouth	Forth Ports	Private
Granton	Forth Ports	Private
Inverkeithing	Forth Ports (Inverkeithing Port services)	Private
Johnshaven	Aberdeenshire Harbours	Local Authority
Kincardine		unknown
Kinghorn	Kinghorn sailing club	Private
Kirkcaldy		Private
Leith	Forth Ports	Private
Methil	Forth Ports	Private
Montrose	Montrose Port Authority	Trust
Newhaven		Private
North Berwick	East Lothian Council(setting up trust)	Trust
North Queensferry	Fife Council Harbours	Local Authority
Perth	Perth and Kinross Harbour	Local Authority
Pettycur	Fife Council Harbours	Local Authority
Pittenweem	Fife Council Harbours	Local Authority
Port Seton	Port Seton Harbour Commissioners	Trust
Rosyth	Forth Ports	Private
St Abbs		Trust
St Andrews	St Andrews Harbour Trust	Trust
St Davids		unknown
St Monans	Fife Council Harbours	Local Authority
Tayport		Private
West Wemyss		Private

(Source: Marine Scotland, 2011a)

8.8.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

Locating representative information for regional economic value has not been possible for this region.

Table 220 provides data from 2009 and 2010 from the business register and employment survey by the ONS (2011). This information identifies the employment in industries associated with ports and harbours, this should not be interpreted as direct employees of ports and harbours (although some may be working in this capacity) but as associated industries, often established on port estates. Table 231 shows that in 2009 there were around 3,000 people in full time employment in these sectors, which had reduced to around 2,800 people by 2010. This workforce is focused on the larger port areas of the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay.

Table 220. East Regional ports and harbour employment

SIC, 2007	Full-time Employees		Part-time Employees
	2009	2010	2009	2010
Construction of water projects ( SIC 42910)	9	43	0	1
Service activities incidental to water transportation ( SIC 52220)	909	767	105	93
Cargo handling for water transport activities of division 50 ( SIC 52241)	121	27	8	20
Building of ships and floating structures ( SIC 30110)	1,840	1,796	18	18
Repair and maintenance of ships and boats ( SIC 33150)	112	125	5	4
Total	2,991	2,758	136	136

(Source: ONS, 2011)

8.8.3 Future Trends

The South Montrose Study published in July 2011 has identified a number of key investment areas in Montrose to unlock future investment and bring forward new opportunities, new businesses and new jobs. This includes Investing in port facilities and capacity to support the offshore and renewables industry with a projected investment circa £100M, leading to employment of 250-500 jobs (projected as 220 in Port/Logistics, 30 associated with construction and up to 250 associated with the Chemicals industry) leading to associated growth to the local economy (IronsideFarrar, 2011).

Future trends and development for Forth Ports have not been identified.

8.9 Power Interconnectors

8.9.1 Regional Activity

Several domestic subsea power cables exist in this region, connecting mainland areas within this region (e.g. across the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay) (Figure 191).

8.9.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

Information on employment within this sector is provided by the ONS ABI however the proportion of these employees associated with subsea power cables is unknown. There are no known figures on the economic value of this activity within this region.

8.9.3 Future Trends

There are a number of proposed marine power interconnector developments in the UK at various stages of maturity in the planning process. Those that may be relevant to this region (e.g. pass through and/or make landfall within this region) are shown in Table 221.

Table 221. Proposed marine power cable developments in the UK relevant to Scotland

Connection	Indicative Length ( km)	Capacity (MW)	Comment
Shetland Orkney and East Coast of England 'East Coast Transmission Network'	>2000	1000 MW network	Feasibility study undertaken in 2008; vision for 2020 (Saunders et al, 2011).
East coast of England-Scotland Eastern HDVC Link	No information found	1800	Peterhead to Hawthorne Pit. Target completion date 2018. Estimated cost £700million (Electricity Networks Strategy Group, 2009).

(Source: Saunders et al, 2011; Refabrica website: www.refabrica.com/einter/?page_id=157)

8.10 Recreational Boating

8.10.1 Regional Activity

Sailing activity in the East Region is shown in Figure 192. Sailing and racing areas occur in the Firth of Tay and Firth of Forth and along the Southern section of coastline in this region. Recreational use is centred on the Firth of Forth, Firth of Tay and St Andrew's Bay (Baxter et al., 2011), with moderate use cruising routes extending u p.a.d down the coastline from these areas.

8.10.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

An indicative estimate of the economic impact of sailing in the East Region is provided between Peterhead, Fife Ness and Berwick with an estimated value of £7.9m (Scottish Enterprise, 2010). These locations offer up to 480 moorings and 1067 pontoons.

There are no regional employment figures for activities directly relating to recreational boating.

8.10.3 Future Trends

No regional detail on future trends were available, please refer to Section 3.12.3 for national projections.

8.11 Shipping

8.11.1 Regional Activity

From the Northerly boundary of this region, the coast runs in a generally South southwest direction to Fifeness. The coast North of the Forth is mainly composed of rocky cliffs, fringed by drying reefs providing some navigation hazards. There are a number of outlying banks and deeps along the coast most notably Bell Rock lying 9.5 miles South East of Whiting Ness.

The Firth of Forth under one port authority provides a number of ports and terminals and an intensity of sea area use is evident, Table 222 shows the number of vessels arriving at the Forth Ports annually. The Forth is a major petroleum port exporting crude oil in up to VLCC size vessels as well as handling products and gas shipments. Large numbers of feeder container vessels visit whilst general bulk facilities dealing with timber, coal and aggregates. An International ferry operates from Rosyth and cruise vessels of all sizes visit the Firth. Small scale fishing is undertaken from some of the Fife coast ports and there is significant numbers of leisure users based in a number of marinas within the port authority area ( GLA, 2010).

Table 222. East Regional vessel arrival counts at major ports

Port	1995	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001
Montrose	378	338	352	298	315	317	299
Dundee	307	326	373	315	355	339	363
Perth	203	150	99	117	171	161	104
Forth	3,751	3,824	3,803	3,971	3,598	3,755	3,897
Port	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008
Montrose	329	329	334	282	267	205	233
Dundee	376	351	335	342	364	293	271
Perth	93	97	113	95	110	100	93
Forth	3,797	4,110	3,784	3,827	3,585	3,424	3,338

(Source: DfT, 2010)

One ferry service is established in this region, as shown in Figure 193. This operates between Rosyth and Zeebrugge providing a direct link to Euro p.a. and is therefore an important economic and social link to support business and transport within this region (Marine Scotland, 2011a).

8.11.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

There is no published information on the specific economic value of shipping to this region.

It has not been possible to derive economic values from publicly available data. Employment data from the business register and employment survey by the ONS (2011) has been reviewed and is not considered to provide a representative view of employment generated by the shipping industry within this region. This is identified as a data gap.

8.11.3 Future Trends

Wind farm developments are p.a.ned off the Tay and Firth of Forth to the 12 mile limit with an adjacent wind farm extending further offshore to the East which collectively will have over 1000 turbines with implications for the routing of shipping ( GLA, 2010).

8.12 Social and Community

8.12.1 Regional Activity

8.12.1.1 Demographics

The population of the East Region is summarised in Image 40 (in green). The Image shows that the population of the East is slightly greater in the 20-24 to 30-34 age bands, but is lower than the national average for ages greater than 60. The overall average age in East Region is 39 years old (the same as the national average). The total population in East Region is 2.44 million.

Image 40. Comparison of the Population of East Region with National Average

(Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics, 2011)

Image 41 shows the change in population in the East Region between 1996 and 2010. The chart shows that the number of people of working age population has increased from 1.8 million in 1996 to 1.9 million in 2010 (an overall increase of 5.5%). Over the same period, the number of children has declined by 8.6% from 581,000 in 1996 to 531,000 in 2010. The number of people of pensionable age increased by 13.9%, from 519,000 to 591,000 in the same time period.

Image 41. Change in Population 1996-2010 in the East Region

(Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics, 2011)

8.12.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

Median gross weekly income for full-time employees in the East region was £334.61 in 2001. By 2010, this figure was £468.01, representing an increase of £133.40. This is equivalent to an increase of almost 40%, although when inflation is taken into account the increase (in real terms) reduces to 8%.

Table 223 shows employment data by industry sector for the East. The table shows that the greatest number of jobs are associated with Sectors Q (human health and social work activities) (17% of the total for 2010) and G (wholesale and retail) at 16%. Other industry sectors accounting for around 10% of jobs are education (P) at 9%. Less significant in the East are real estate activities (L) (0.8%), water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities (E) at 0.7%, and mining and quarrying (0.2%). Agriculture, forestry and fishing makes up just 0.2%. Accommodation and food services activities make up 7.2% while arts, entertainment and recreation (R) account for 3% of all jobs in the East

Table 223. Employment data by industry sector in the East

Industry Sector	Full-time		Part-time		Total
	2009	2010	2009	2010	2009	2010
A. Agriculture, forestry and fishing	1,086	1,218	317	515	1,420	1,728
B. Mining and quarrying	1,916	1,979	49	43	1,960	2,028
C. Manufacturing	79,315	72,057	5,630	5,396	84,987	77,460
D. Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	8,948	9,442	1,078	1,313	10,022	10,740
E. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities	6,737	6,862	345	607	7,090	7,470
F. Construction	59,252	54,083	4,014	3,874	63,295	57,967
G. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	93,674	91,402	70,098	70,592	163,791	161,998
H. Transportation and storage	36,250	34,319	7,139	5,480	43,385	39,854
I. Accommodation and food service activities	32,697	33,627	43,303	40,071	76,003	73,714
J. Information and communication	28,470	27,606	5,700	5,122	34,210	32,765
K. Financial and insurance activities	47,221	44,117	10,835	9,015	58,093	53,170
L. Real estate activities	8,171	6,214	2,267	2,122	10,459	8,346
M. Professional, scientific and technical activities	45,142	43,537	9,858	9,430	54,991	52,978
N. Administrative and support service activities	43,501	41,151	23,688	25,403	67,214	66,557
O. Public administration and defence; compulsory social security	53,307	52,721	12,992	13,753	66,294	66,481
P. Education	59,468	55,892	35,276	36,978	94,704	92,844
Q. Human health and social work activities	91,883	88,169	77,058	80,949	168,918	169,118
R. Arts, entertainment and recreation	16,362	14,856	13,974	15,647	30,366	30,499
S. Other service activities	10,327	9,375	7,746	7,258	18,064	16,673
Total	723,727	688,627	331,367	333,568	1,055,266	1,022,390

Notes: NOMIS statistics show 0 jobs for sectors T and U

(Source: ONS, 2011)

8.12.2.1 Health

When asked how they rated their health, the local authority area with the highest percentage of people who said it was good or very good was the City of Edinburgh (90.7%). By 2007/2008, the highest percentage was 91.2% (Perth & Kinross), while the lowest was 83% (Falkirk).

8.12.2.2 Equality

Table 224 presents the results from the index of deprivation for the East, for all datazones and coastal datazones. There are 263 coastal datazones, making up just 7% of all datazones. The table shows that coastal datazones are slightly more likely to be in the 10% most affluent for education, skills and training, and employment, and health, but slightly less likely for income. The average index of deprivation is lower across all the indicators, however, for the coastal datazones suggesting that they are slightly more deprived than non-coastal datazones. Much of the change, however, is likely to be in the middle range (neither affluent nor deprived) since coastal zones in the East Region are much less likely to be in the 10% most deprived areas, with this reduced from 12% to 6% for education, skills and training; from 10% to 6% for employment; from 10% to 5% for income, from 10% to 8% for housing and from 9% to 5% for health.

Table 224. Index of deprivation for East

E	All Datazones
	Overall	Skills, Training and Education	Employ-ment	Income	Housing	Health
Min (most deprived)	1	2	1	2	1	3
Max (most affluent)	6504	6505	6503	6504	6505	6505
Average	3231	3127	3155	3207	3244	3230
10% most deprived (total)	377	427	386	368	367	349
10% most deprived (as % of all)	10%	12%	10%	10%	10%	9%
10% most affluent (total)	380	348	340	353	363	373
10% most affluent (as % of all)	10%	9%	9%	10%	10%	10%
E	Coastal Datazones
	Overall	Skills, Training and Education	Employ-ment	Income	Housing	Health
Min (most deprived)	7	20	1	2	100	6
Max (most affluent)	6483	6406	6500	6486	6485	6484
Average	3668	3698	3637	3649	3594	3856
10% most deprived (total)	15	17	17	13	21	13
10% most deprived (as % of all)	6%	6%	6%	5%	8%	5%
10% most affluent (total)	19	27	26	21	26	37
10% most affluent (as % of all)	7%	10%	10%	8%	10%	14%

Notes: NOMIS statistics show 0 jobs for sectors T and U

(Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics, 2011)

8.12.2.3 Skills, training and education

There are 14 local authorities allocated to the East Region. Table 225 summarises data on the percentage of the population with a degree, with no qualification and receiving job-related training. The table shows the difference between the minimum and maximum result by local authority across the region.

Table 225. Summary of education and skills in the East

East	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010
Percentage with a degree (minimum)	10%	11%	12%	13%	13%	13%	13%
Percentage with a degree (maximum)	32%	34%	36%	35%	35%	34%	37%
Percentage with no qualifications (minimum)	9%	10%	7.3%	7.4%	7.6%	8.2%	7.5%
Percentage with no qualifications (maximum)	24%	23%	21%	20%	21%	19%	20%
Percentage receiving job-related training (minimum)	26%	24%	22%	23%	19%	21%	20%
Percentage receiving job-related training (maximum)	35%	35%	34%	32%	33%	35%	37%

(Source: Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics, 2011)

The range of results given in Table 225 is greatest for the percentage with a degree, with 22% difference between the minimum (Clac kmannanshire) and the maximum (City of Edinburgh) in 2004. In terms of the population within the east region with no qualifications, the range is between 9% and 24% in 2004, and between 7.5% and 20% in 2010. The area within the region offering the greatest proportion of job-related training in 2004 was City of Edinburgh (34.5%).

The minimum drive time to a college of Further or Higher Education in the East Region is an average of 55.5 minutes (Scottish Borders) to a maximum of 100 minutes (in a number of local authorities including several coastal ones: Clac kmannanshire, Dundee City, City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, Fife, and West Lothian). The average is around 93 minutes.

8.12.2.4 Access to services

Of the 13 local authorities in the East, the highest occupancy is in Midlothian and West Lothian (both at 98%), closely followed by Clac kmannanshire, Falkirk and North Lanarkshire (all at 97%). The lowest occupancy rate is in a coastal local authority, Angus (94%).

House prices in the East Region vary from a mean of £223,788 in City of Edinburgh (45% higher than the national average) to £116,916 in North Lanarkshire (24% below the national average). Five local authorities (four of which have coastal frontages) have mean house sale prices that are greater than the national average (City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian, Perth & Kinross and Scottish Borders). Mean house sale prices in Perth & Kinross and Scottish Borders are very similar, at around £175,000 to £177,000. Figure 52 shows the difference between the local authorities with the three highest (and lowest) mean prices and the national average. Some of the lowest mean house sale prices are found in Falkirk and Dundee City, Clac kmannanshire and Fife which are around 9% to 13% below the national average. Prices are also slightly lower than the national average in Angus and West Lothian. These data are supported by the findings of the Bank of Scotland (2011), where the least affordable planss to buy property are the city of Edinburgh, which is the least affordable plans in Scotland and where 29% of disposable earnings are spent on mortgage payments. The Scottish Borders is the seventh least affordable and Angus is eighth. The only 'coastal' local authority area in the East Region in the ten most affordable areas is Falkirk (the eighth most affordable). House price to earnings ratios for first-time buyers range from 3.0 (Fife) to 4.2 (Edinburgh).

Council house debt in the East Region is highly variable from £3,356 per house (Falkirk) to £18,967 (Midlothian), with a mean of £8,723 (overall lower than the average for Scotland of £9,265 per house). The condition of social sector dwellings in the East is similar to that for Scotland with 66% failing to meet the SHQS. The quality of private dwellings is higher though with just 65% failing the SHQS compared with 69% for Scotland.

Table 226 shows the mean and median drive time to different services in the East Region, and the datazones with the shortest and longest drive times, by service type. The data show that the East Region has some of the shortest drive times, even for the more isolated communities drive times do not exceed 38 minutes (for petrol stations). These data are important when considering overall quality of life.

Table 226. Drive time to services in East Region

Service	Drive Time in Minutes
	Mean	Median	Shortest	Longest
GP	3.5	2.9	0.7	27
Petrol station	4.4	3.5	0.8	38
Post office	2.7	2.3	0.7	16
Primary school	2.7	2.4	0.6	17
Supermarket	3.7	2.9	0.7	27

(Source: Scottish National Statistics, 2011)

8.12.2.5 Community empowerment - Case Study

Dundee

Community regeneration forums have been established in Dundee, with support from local council members they have brought together people from more deprived areas. Funding has been made available for a large number of projects including investing in local open spaces and the street environment (Scottish Government & COSLA, 2009).

8.12.2.6 Quality of life

When asked to rate the perception of their neighbourhood, the highest proportion rating it as good or very good in 2007/2008 was in East Lothian (67.8%) and the lowest in Clac kmannanshire (40%). In Clac kmannanshire, the percentage of people ranking their neighbourhood as good or very good has declined from 49% in 1999/2000. In East Lothian, the percentage has varied from 60.9% (1999/2000) to 65.2% (2001/2002) before decreasing to 60.2% (2003/2004) and then increasing again. The change across 8 of the 13 local authorities in the East Region has been a general decline. The largest overall decrease is in Clac kmannanshire (-9% between 1999/2000 and 2007/2008), followed by South Lanarkshire (-6.8%) and Midlothian (-6.3%). Smaller declines have been seen in Perth & Kinross (-4.4%), Scottish Borders (-3.1%), City of Edinburgh (-2.1%), Fife (-1.1%) and Dundee City (-0.1%). The largest increase is in East Lothian +6.9%, from 60.9% in 1999/2000 to 67.8% in 2007/2008. Increases were also seen in several coastal authorities including Angus (+3.7%), West Lothian (+2.4%) and Falkirk (+1.1%).

8.12.2.7 Energy and resource consumption

Table 227 shows the average and range of electricity consumption across domestic customers for 2009, and then the change between 2005 and 2009. The table shows that average consumption (per household) in the East Region was 5.2 MWh in 2009 (compared with an overall estimated average per household for Scotland of 5.7 MWh). A reduction in MWh consumed per household was seen in all local authorities, although the change is small.

Table 227. Electricity consumption in East Region

Statistic	Domestic Customer ( MWh per household)
Average consumption ( GWh, 2009)	5.2
Lowest Consumption	4.3
Local Authority area	Midlothian
Highest consumption ( GWh, 2009)	6.9
Local Authority area	Perth & Kinross
Largest reduction in consumption ( GWh, 2005-2009)	-0.7
Local Authority area	Dundee City
Smallest reduction in consumption ( GWh, 2005-2009)	-0.2
Local Authority area	Midlothian; West Lothian

(Source: based on Scottish National Statistics, using total electricity consumption by domestic customers
by local authority divided by occupied household spaces per local authority)

Table 228 shows the population considered to be in fuel poverty between 2004/2007 and 2007/2009 for the whole of the East Region. The table shows that those households where the highest income earner is 60+ ( HIH) are much more likely to be in fuel poverty than the whole population in 2007/2009. At 41.4%, though, this is lower than the national average of 45.9% for this group. The percentage of HIH 60+ in fuel poverty has also increased over time. There is considerable variation across the region, with the highest percentage of HIH 60+ being in fuel poverty at 56% (Angus) and the lowest being 26.6% (Clac kmannanshire). Across the whole population, the highest percentage is in Scottish Borders (37.6%) and the lowest in Clac kmannanshire (13.9%).

Table 228. Population considered to be in fuel poverty in East Region

Population	% of Population in Fuel Poverty
	2004/2007	2005/2008	2007/2009
All	20.8%	23.3%	27.9%
Any disability or long term sick	18.7%	21.0%	19.9%
No disability or long term sick	24.1%	28.1%	30.2%
HIH 60+	38.3%	43.4%	41.4%
HIH under 60	10.8%	12.5%	12.7%
Female HIH	26.4%	29.3%	29.8%
Male HIH	17.1%	19.8%	19.5%

(Source: Scottish National Statistics, 2011)

8.12.3 Future Trends

Table 229 summarises the statistics and trends discussed above to give an indication of the likely future changes by indicator, comparing national with local trends (where data are available). There is much greater uncertainty over trends for the time period of 30 to 50 years and, in both cases, it is assumed that future trends follow recent and historic trends. The table only includes rows for which there are data at the regional level. For national projections where regional data are not available refer to Section 2.14.3.

Table 229. Summary of future trends in East Region

8.13 Telecomm Cables

8.13.1 Regional Activity

Several telecommunication cables connecting England to Europe pass through offshore waters in the South East corner of this region, see Figure 194. In addition, a section of the offshore Norsea Coms cable, which supplies several offshore oil p.a.forms, occurs in the North East corner of this region. The approximate landfall locations (note, not necessarily within this region) and capacity of these cables are shown in Table 230.

Table 230. Subsea telecommunication cables in the East Region

Cable	To/from	Capacity	Length of Cable in Region ( km)
Norsea Coms A	Valhal - Bu1 Clyde	160Gbps	28.96
Norsea Coms B	Clyde To Judy	160Gbps	27.22
Pangea North UK/Denmark	Redcar ( UK) To Fano (Denmark)	7.2Tbps	48.33

(Sources: http://www.submarinecablemap.com/; http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/STAGING/global_assets/downloads/S/scotland_central_north_sea.pdf)

8.13.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

There is currently no agreed method for valuing the services provided by cables as they form part of a wider infrastructure. Further information on employment within this sector is provided by the ONS ABI however the proportion of these employees associated with subsea telecommunication cables is unknown.

8.13.3 Future Trends

No specific information on future trends for this region was found. For national projections refer to Section 2.15.3.

8.14 Tourism

8.14.1 Regional Activity

Tourist sites in East Scotland include accommodation and camping facilities, general tourist attractions, historic/heritage attractions, natural heritage attractions, transport and travel related facilities (see Figure 195). Although sites are scattered throughout the region, there is a high density of sites along the coast, particularly in the Firth of Forth. This would be expected, given the proximity to Edinburgh. Indeed, the Firth of Forth additionally has several cultural and maritime heritage assets, as shown in Figure 196. These include a historic ship, sites designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act, a maritime museum and several listed buildings.

Popular activities in the East include surfing, which commonly occurs along the coast from Edinburgh to Coldingham Bay, where North-Westerly and Southern swells help to create consistent surf breaks (Baxter et al, 2011). The presence of Blue Flag Beaches ^[71] , designated bathing waters and areas with seaside awards (see Figure 197) is therefore likely to be particularly important. A visual comparison between the maps of coastal award sites in all the regions indicates that East Scotland has one of the highest concentrations of such sites. In addition, the East Region is the only one which has some Blue Flag Beaches, namely:

• Aberdour Silver Sands, Fife;
• Burntisland, Fife;
• Coldingham Bay, Scottish Borders;
• Elie Woodhaven (Ruby Bay), Fife;
• Leven East Beach, Fife;
• St Andrews East Sands, Fife; and
• St Andrews West Sands, Fife.

Thus, beach users are likely to be an important group for this region when considering the development of offshore renewables. There are also three areas designated as Marine Special Areas of Conservation ^[72] , namely; Firth of Tay & Eden Estuary, Isle of May and part of Berwickshire & Northumberland SAC. These SACs may well attract visitors for marine and coastal wildlife tourism.

Visitor numbers and expenditure for 2009 for those from the UK coming to particular areas in the East SORER are (based on data from VisitScotland):

• Edinburgh and the Lothians:
  • - UK visitors: made 2.46 million trips, spent £562 million and stayed 6.6 million nights; and
  • - Overseas visitors: made spent 1.33 million trips, spent £458 million and stayed for 7.44 million nights.
• Angus and Dundee:
  • - UK visitors: made 0.43 million trips, spent £74 million and stayed 1.5 million nights;
  • - Overseas visitors: made spent 0.07 million trips, spent £31 million and stayed for 0.71 million nights.
• Perthshire:
  • - UK visitors: made 0.74 million trips, spent £141 million and stayed 2.45 million nights;
  • - Overseas visitors: made spent 0.13 million trips, spent £45 million and stayed for 0.63 million nights.
• Fife:
  • - UK visitors: made 0.54 million trips, spent £106 million and stayed 1.93 million nights;
  • - Overseas visitors: made spent 0.13 million trips, spent £78 million and stayed for 0.87 million nights.
• Scottish Borders:
  • - UK visitors: made 0.37 million trips, spent £80 million and stayed 1.2 million nights;
  • - Overseas visitors: made spent 0.04 million trips, spent £31 million and stayed for 0.29 million nights.

These data show that tourist expenditure in the East Region varies by location, with the greatest number of visits and associated expenditure occurring in Edinburgh and the Lothians, as would be expected.

8.14.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

No economic value or employment information which is specific to the East Region has been identified (other than the visitor expenditure figures given above).

8.14.3 Future Trends

For further discussion on trends in tourism, see Section 2.16.3 (National Overview).

8.15 Waste Disposal

8.15.1 Regional Activity

The location of open, disused and closed dredge disposal sites in this region are shown in Figure 198. The total area of seabed used for dredge spoil disposal in this region, calculated from open disposal sites, is about 12.9 km ² ( Table 231).

Table 231. Area of seabed covered by open disposal sites in the East Region

Name of Disposal Site	Area of Seabed (m²)
Firth Of Tay	0.153
Pittenweem	0.241
Tay Bridge	0.101
Montrose	0.372
Arbroath	0.373
Methil	0.377
Eyemouth	0.380
Newcome Buoy	0.113
Middle Bank (Tay)	0.320
Blae Rock A	0.570
Narrow Deep B	0.958
Oxcars Main	3.350
Oxcars Ext A	0.461
Oxcars Ext B	0.262
Bo'ness	4.878
Total	12.911

(Source: based on Cefas Data, 2011)

The licensed and actual tonnage of dredge spoil disposed of at open sites in this region in 2009/10 and 2010/11 are shown in Table 232.

Table 232. Licensed and actual dredge disposal tonnage at sites in the East Region

Origin of Dredge Spoil	Dredge Disposal Site	License Dates	Licensed Tonnage	Actual Tonnage
Arbroath	Arbroath	26/10/09-25/10/10	14,546	0
Arbroath	Arbroath	25/10/10-24/10/11	15,180	13,760
Berwick	Eyemouth	01/09/10-31/08/11	6,360	6,360
Dundee	Middle Bank (Tay)	01/06/09-31/05/10	112,000	8,260
Dundee	Middle Bank (Tay)	01/06/10-31/05/11	105,000	41,789
Eyemouth	Eyemouth	01/09/10-31/08/11	10,000	9,450
Grangemouth	Bo'ness	10/10/09-09/10/10	1,150,000	697,895
Grangemouth	Bo'ness	11/10/10-10/10/13	3,450,000	337,652
Leith	Narrow Deep B	01/02/09-31/01/10	260,000	0
Leith	Narrow Deep B	01/05/10-30/04/11	260,000	30,646
Methil	Methil	10/04/10-09/04/11	7,000	3,990
Montrose	Montrose	01/06/09-31/05/10	99,000	0
Montrose	Montrose	01/04/10-31/03/11	151,885	151,289
Montrose	Montrose	01/11/10-31/10/11	3,1200	0
Rosyth North Wall & approach	Oxcars Main	17/05/09-16/05/10	260,000	1,035
Rosyth North Wall & approach	Oxcars Main	17/05/10-16/05/11	260,000	49,985
Rosyth North Wall & approach	Oxcars Ext A	17/05/09-16/05/10	260,000	1,295
Rosyth North Wall & approach	Oxcars Ext A	17/05/10-16/05/11	260,000	55,674
Rosyth North Wall & approach	Oxcars Ext B	17/05/09-16/05/10	260,000	501
Rosyth North Wall & approach	Oxcars Ext B	17/05/10-16/05/11	260,000	60,688
Rosyth Royal Dockyard	Oxcars Main	25/03/09-24/03/10	40,000	0
Rosyth, Port Babcock Middle Jetty	Blae Rock A	24/03/09-23/03/10	152,250	0
Stonehaven	Stonehaven B*	01/03/10-28/02/11	6,000	4,324

* Note this disposal sites also falls within the East Region and hence the dredge spoil quantity shown cannot be assigned completely to the North East Region.

(Source: Marine Scotland Data, 2011a)

8.15.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

It is not possible to calculate the GVA associated with dredge spoil disposal (Baxter et al, 2011). There are no available records of the direct employment within this activity in this region.

8.15.3 Future Trends

The Scottish National Planning Framework 2 (Scottish Government, 2009b) identified future port developments, which may require dredging. In this region, these included development of the Port of Grangemouth to accommodate substantial increases in freight movements and development at Rosyth to provide additional container freight capacity through deep water berthing. In addition, the NRIP identified several sites in this region which may support the offshore wind and/or wave and tidal industries, such as Leith, Dundee, the Energy Park at Fife (Methill), Burntisland, Rosyth, Montrose and Grangemouth (Scottish Enterprise and Scottish Highlands and Islands Enterprise, 2010a). Infrastructure developments to support the renewables industry at these sites may require dredging, for example, the possible construction of an outer tidal berth at Leith and current quayside repairs and upgrades at Energy Park, Fife (Scottish Enterprise and Scottish Highlands and Islands Enterprise, 2010b).

8.16 Water Sports

8.16.1 Regional Activity

8.16.1.1 Surfing and windsurfing

Table 233 identifies key surfing and windsurfing locations in the East Region. SAS (2009) describe how Scotland's East coast receives swells from the North and North-East and consistent offshore winds, although it also receive swells from the East and South East. Figure 199 shows the surf beach locations in this region. The SAS (2009) report shows about 10 surfing locations within the East Region. Along the Southern part of the East coast of Scotland the higher population densities and more accessible surfing breaks lead to more intense use of locations such as Pease Bay ( SAS, 2009).

Table 233. Surfing and windsurfing locations in the East Region

General Location	Surf Location	Windsurfing Location
South East Scottish Coast	Johnshaven	Montrose
	Lunan Bay	Lunan Bay
	Arbroath	Arbroath
	St Andrews West	Carnoustie
	St Andrews East	Largo Bay
	Kingsbarns	Queensferry
	Dunbar	Portobello
	White Sands	Longniddry bents
	Pease Bay	Gosford sands
	Coldingham Bay	Gullane
		North Berwick
		Sinclairs Bay

(Based on SAS, 2009 and the Windsurf Magazine 'beach guide' 2011)

8.16.1.2 Scuba diving

A large number of dive sites are found in the South East Region with particularly high densities of sites near St Andrews, Firth of Forth and the Berwickshire coast (Figure 200). In particular, the voluntary Marine Reserve of St. Abbs Head and Eyemouth is one of Scotland's most popular dive locations attracting thousands of people each year (Baxter et al. 2011). This area of Scotland is highly populated and this is reflected in a large number of clubs (42) and dive centres (11) operating ( Table 234).

Table 234. The number of dive centres, charter boats and diving clubs found in East Region

Facilities	Number
Dive Centres	11
Charter Boats	3
ScotSAC Branches	29
BSAC Branches	13

(Source: BSAC: http://www.bsac.com/; ScotSAC: http://www.scotsac.com/; and http://finstrokes.com)

8.16.1.3 Angling

Sea Angling is undertaken along much of the East Region such as the Firth of Tay and East Lothian coast (Land Use Consultants, 2007).

8.16.1.4 Small sail boat activities and sea kayaking

Coastal Dinghy sailing is popular in the East Region with a high density of clubs found around the Firth of Tay and inner Firth of Forth (Figure 201). The Firth of Forth is also a popular location for Sea kayaking (Land Use Consultants, 2007) (Figure 202).

8.16.2 Regional Economic Value and Employment

Regional economic data was available for recreational angling and scuba diving within this SORER.

8.16.2.1 Angling

Radford et al (2009) estimated the sea angling activity and economic value in eight regions of Scotland. Two of these regions, Edinburgh, Fife & North East fall within the East Region. As the areas in Radford et al (2009) do not align with the SORERs the values should only be taken as indicative values for comparison between areas.

The total estimated regional sea angling activity and expenditure within these two regions is shown in Table 235 below.

Table 235. Estimated regional sea angling activity and expenditure in East Region

Region	No. Resident Sea Anglers	Annual Sea Angler Days Spent in Region	% of Total Activity Undertaken on the Shore	Total Annual Sea Angler Expenditure (£M)	% of Expenditure Spent on Shore Angling	Number of Jobs Supported
Edinburgh, Fife & South East	20455	250868	50%	26.9	51%	504
North East Scotland	8904	234307	55%	15.5	57%	343

(Source: Radford et al, 2009)

8.16.2.2 Scuba diving

Data collected by the Scottish Enterprise Borders ( SEB) in 2007 estimated that 25,000 divers visited St Abbs/Eyemouth and contributed £3.7 million GVA to the local economy. The SEB data suggests that the activity supports 81.7 FTEs in the Scottish Borders area and has a GVA of £1.5 million per annum (Scottish Enterprise Borders, 2008).

No values for other activities at a regional scale were available.

Similarly no regional employment figures for activities directly relating to water sports are available.

8.16.3 Future Trends

A new study has shown that establishing the Berwickshire coast as one of the UK's leading dive locations could help to attract an additional 15,000 visitors to the region and lead to an additional £2m GVA for the Scottish economy a year.

The independent report, commissioned by SEB, highlights that marketing St Abbs and Eyemouth as a single dive location, and encouraging more divers to visit off- p.a. and mid-week, would deliver substantial economic benefits for the towns as well as the region as a whole.

The report also states that developing a long-term vision for the area and investing in new infrastructure to cope with increased demand could create an additional 59 jobs across Scottish Borders region and up to 100 new jobs across Scotland.

Some of the proposals in the report include:

• Increase the supply of accommodation for large dive groups such as a campsite, hostel or a part hotel
• Improve changing facilities and restrooms in both St Abbs and Eyemouth, which offer easier access to the shore
• Develop more mid-week and off-season packages to increase visitors at a time which will not cause further congestion in the towns as well as look at the potential of a park and ride scheme to limit the number of cars in St Abbs
• Identify the potential of linking up with dive businesses in East Lothian and Northumberland to host a major watersports festival.

Further development of diving off the Berwickshire coast forms part of a wider Adventure Sports strategy, being developed by SE Borders and its partners. By focusing on activities which capitalise on the natural assets of the Borders, SE Borders hopes to develo p.a.strategy to help position the Borders as one of the UK's main locations for outdoor leisure activities such as equestrianism, mountain biking and diving, which will attract more overseas visitors as well as those from across the UK.