Scottish Fish Farm Production Survey 2011

1. RAINBOW TROUT ( Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Production survey information was collected from all 23 companies actively involved in rainbow trout production, farming 48 active sites. This figure represents the entire industry operating in Scotland.

Production

Table 1a: Total production (tonnes) of rainbow trout during 1998-2011

Year	Tonnes	Year	Tonnes
1998	4,913	2005	6,989
1999	5,834	2006	7,492
2000	5,154	2007	7,414
2001	5,466	2008	7,670
2002	6,659	2009	6,766
2003	7,085	2010	5,139
2004	6,352	2011	4,619

Production decreased in 2011 by 520 tonnes, a decrease of 10.1%.

Table 1b: Production (tonnes) for the table trade during 2001-2011 according to weight category

Year	<450 g <1 lb	450-900 g 1-2 lbs	>900 g >2 lbs	Total Tonnes
2001	3,053	404	1,217	4,674
2002	2,937	1,056	1,718	5,711
2003	2,531	1,181	2,477	6,189
2004	1,553	1,946	1,917	5,416
2005	2,856	1,203	2,111	6,170
2006	2,182	1,810	2,636	6,628
2007	2,499	1,663	2,407	6,569
2008	2,375	1,950	2,487	6,812
2009	2,232	1,143	2,620	5,995
2010	2,125	727	1,606	4,458
2011	1,421	1,004	1,433	3,858

Production for the table in 2011 was 3,858 tonnes, a decrease of 600 tonnes (13.5%) on the 2010 total, and accounted for 83.5% of the total rainbow trout production, a similar proportion to that produced in 2010. Supply was mainly of fish weighing up to 900g, encompassing 62.9% of total table production. Decreases in the number of fish in the small and large size ranges and an increase in the number of fish in the medium size range were highlighted.

Table 1c: Production (tonnes) for the restocking trade during 2001-2011 according to weight category

Year	<450 g <1 lb	450-900 g 1-2 lbs	>900 g >2 lbs	Total Tonnes
2001	18	526	248	792
2002	28	484	436	948
2003	63	490	343	896
2004	64	509	363	936
2005	21	390	408	819
2006	36	357	471	864
2007	24	413	408	845
2008	27	351	480	858
2009	32	294	444	770
2010	19	201	461	681
2011	8	419	334	761

In 2011, production for the restocking of angling waters increased by 80 tonnes to 761 tonnes representing an increase of 11.7% on the 2010 total. This accounted for 16.5% of total rainbow trout production in 2011. These figures represent the tonnage of fish supplied to angling waters for restocking purposes; they do not account for the catch taken by anglers. The production of small and large sized fish showed decreases, while this increased for medium sized fish.

Escapes

There were five incidents involving the loss of a total of 12,820 fish from rainbow trout sites in 2011.

Production by Site

Table 2: Numbers of sites grouped by tonnage produced during 2001-2011

Year	Number of sites per production tonnage				Total number of sites
	<1-25	26-100	101-200	>200
2001	17	12	6	10	45
2002	16	13	4	12	45
2003	17	9	6	11	43
2004	14	14	5	10	43
2005	18	12	6	11	47
2006	16	15	6	13	50
2007	14	15	3	16	48
2008	8	15	7	14	44
2009	10	11	7	11	39
2010	7	13	9	7	36
2011	9	10	6	8	33

Production was reported from 33 sites. The number of producers in the size bracket <1-25 and >200 tonnes increased in 2011, while those producers in the size bracket 26-100 and 101-200 tonnes decreased. These figures do not include those sites specialising in the production of ova or young fish for on-growing.

Production by Method

Table 3: Grouping of rainbow trout sites by production tonnages, main method of production in 2011 and comparison with production in 2010

Production method	Production grouping (tonnes) in 2011					Total tonnage and (%) by method		Number of sites
	<10	10-25	26-50	51-100	>100	2010	2011	2010	2011
FW cages	1	0	0	0	5	1,632 (31.8%)	1,835 (39.7%)	5	6
FW ponds and raceways	1	3	7	2	6	1,893 (36.8%)	1,619 (35.1%)	22	19
FW tanks and hatcheries	3	0	0	0	0	8 (<1%)	9 (<1%)	3	3
SW cages	0	1	1	0	3	1,606 (31.2%)	1,156 (25.0%)	6	5
SW tanks	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	5	4	8	2	14	5,139	4,619	36	33

Freshwater production accounted for 3,463 tonnes (75.0%) and seawater production for the remaining 1,156 tonnes (25.0%). Production from freshwater cages increased whilst there was a decrease in production from freshwater ponds raceways and seawater cages.

Company and Site Data

Table 4: Number of companies and sites in production during 1998-2011

Year	No. of companies	No. of sites
1998	51	71
1999	54	68
2000	54	63
2001	50	57
2002	39	57
2003	37	56
2004	38	62
2005	42	70
2006	36	66
2007	38	70
2008	31	66
2009	27	56
2010	25	51
2011	23	48

In 2011 the number of companies authorised by the Scottish Government and actively engaged in rainbow trout production was 23. The number of sites registered and in production was 48.

Staffing and Productivity

Table 5: Number of staff employed and productivity per person during 1998-2011

Year	Full-time	Part-time	Total	Productivity (tonnes/person)
1998	137	49	186	26.4
1999	126	51	177	33.0
2000	121	47	168	30.7
2001	118	41	159	34.4
2002	114	46	160	41.6
2003	107	41	148	47.9
2004	115	37	152	41.8
2005	108	35	143	48.9
2006	112	35	147	51.0
2007	111	32	143	51.8
2008	107	34	141	54.4
2009	111	27	138	49.0
2010	98	31	129	39.8
2011	95	23	118	39.1

The overall number of staff employed in 2011 decreased by 11 to 118. The numbers of full and part-time staff decreased by three and eight respectively. Productivity, measured as tonnes produced per person, decreased by 1.8% in 2011 with no distinction between full and part-time employees being made for this calculation.

Production by Area

Table 6: Production and staffing by area in 2011

Area	No. of sites	Table production (tonnes)	Restocking production (tonnes)	Mean tonnes per site	Staffing			Productivity (tonnes/ person)
					F/T	P/T	Total
North	7	104	55	22.7	2	3	5	31.8
East	15	986	232	81.2	39	3	42	29.0
West	12	2,207	39	187.2	32	9	41	54.8
South	14	561	435	71.1	22	8	30	33.2
All	48	3,858	761	96.2	95	23	118	39.1

Productivity was greatest in the West at 187.2 tonnes per site and productivity per person was greatest in the West at 54.8 tonnes.

Figure 1: The distribution of active rainbow trout sites in 2011

Type of Ova Laid Down

Table 7: Number (000's) and proportions (%) of ova types laid down to hatch during 2000-2011

Year	All female diploid no. (%)	Triploid no. (%)	Mixed sex diploid no. (%)	Total ova
2000	17,264 (82)	1,202 (6)	2,513 (12)	20,979
2001	20,788 (90)	2,107 (9)	140 (1)	23,035
2002	19,733 (89)	1,822 (8)	570 (3)	22,125
2003	24,692 (94)	1,586 (6)	60 (<1)	26,338
2004	29,272 (90)	3,146 (10)	138 (<1)	32,556
2005	16,773 (83)	1,729 (8)	1,745 (9)	20,247
2006	22,378 (84)	2,804 (10)	1,626 (6)	26,808
2007	23,630 (83)	2,531 (9)	2,140 (8)	28,301
2008	22,978 (88)	2,526 (9)	725 (3)	26,229
2009	15,469 (87)	2,341 (13)	35 (<1)	17,845
2010	13,352 (89)	1,052 (7)	675 (4)	15,079
2011	12,673 (84)	2,254 (15)	215 (1)	15,142

Source of Ova Laid Down

Table 8: Number (000's) and sources of ova laid down to hatch 2000-2011

Year	Ova produced in Great Britain ( GB)			Imported ova			Total
	Own stock	Other stock	Total	Northern hemisphere	Southern hemisphere	Total
2000	1,397	900	2,297	10,161	8,525	18,686	20,983
2001	918	525	1,443	13,515	8,075	21,590	23,033
2002	530	200	730	12,385	9,010	21,395	22,125
2003	430	280	710	25,578	50	25,628	26,338
2004	330	320	650	31,906	0	31,906	32,556
2005	281	105	386	16,977	2,884	19,861	20,247
2006	541	2,169	2,710	22,588	1,510	24,098	26,808
2007	936	230	1,166	26,650	485	27,135	28,301
2008	582	487	1,069	25,160	0	25,160	26,229
2009	603	220	823	17,022	0	17,022	17,845
2010	415	50	465	14,614	0	14,614	15,079
2011	215	189	404	14,738	0	14,738	15,142

The total number of eyed-ova laid down to hatch in 2011 was similar to that in 2010. The proportion of ova from GB broodstock decreased to 2.7% of the total and the rainbow trout industry remained reliant on imported ova. Data on the importation of ova into Scotland are also available from the health certificates and are shown in Table 9a. Any discrepancy between the figures in Tables 8 and 9a is due to data being obtained from two independent sources.

Imports of Ova from Official Import Health Certificates

Table 9a: Number (000's) and sources of ova imported into Scotland during 2004-2011

Source	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
N. Ireland	405	1,710	2,830	7,721	16,130	10,090	9,247	7,320
Isle of Man	8,012	1,700	3,480	3,767	775	290	1,400	520
Denmark	6,370	9,225	14,525	13,070	5,530	4,070	1,715	5,250
South Africa	-	-	-	485	-	-	-	-
USA	17,335	4,440	2,310	890	1,490	2,240	2,340	1,580
France	800	200	-	-	-	-	-	-
Australia	-	2,600	1,500	-	-	-	-	-
Norway	-	-	500	1,200	1,500	750	200	130
Totals	32,922	19,875	25,145	27,133	25,425	17,440	14,902	14,800

Table 9b: Seasonal variation in numbers (000's) and sources of ova imported into Scotland during 2011

Month	Norway	Isle of Man	Denmark	N. Ireland	USA
January	-	-	370	1,000	-
February	-	300	280	950	-
March	-	220	1,475	1,700	-
April	-	-	900	-	500
May	130	-	265	650	-
June	-	-	650	500	300
July	-	-	-	-	270
August	-	-	-	900	-
September	-	-	210	250	510
October	-	-	700	70	-
November	-	-	250	650	-
December	-	-	150	650	-
Totals	130	520	5,250	7,320	1,580

Suppliers within the European Union ( EU) accounted for 88.4% of ova imported into Scotland during 2011 with the USA and Norway accounting for 10.7% and 0.9% respectively. To maintain their ability to regulate production throughout the year and produce a constant supply of fish for their markets, producers have to rely upon supplies of out of season ova.

Trade in Fry and Fingerlings

Table 10: Number (000's) of fry and fingerlings traded during 2000-2011

Year	Fry and fingerlings bought			Total number bought	Total number sold
	All female diploid no. (%)	Triploid no. (%)	Mixed sex diploid no. (%)
2000	13,410 (92)	287 (2)	892 (6)	14,589	12,505
2001	16,065 (96)	685 (4)	0	16,750	13,961
2002	10,031 (88)	670 (6)	667 (6)	11,368	10,101
2003	17,500 (94)	1,007 (5)	193 (1)	18,700	17,451
2004	18,859 (91)	1,536 (7)	364 (2)	20,759	19,166
2005	14,618 (83)	1,532 (9)	1,480 (8)	17,630	16,919
2006	19,731 (89)	1,675 (7)	790 (4)	22,196	20,460
2007	14,830 (89)	1,140 (7)	675 (4)	16,645	23,631
2008	24,298 (95)	1,082 (4)	118 (0.5)	25,498	31,036
2009	21,113 (94)	1,358 (6)	0	22,471	20,597
2010	15,539 (95)	585 (4)	141 (1)	16,265	14,686
2011	16,288 (88.5)	1,970 (10.7)	138 (0.8)	18,396	16,612

The established trade between hatcheries and on-growing farms continued in 2011. Some companies specialised in the production of fry and fingerlings. The total number of fry and fingerlings purchased and the total number sold by producers both increased by 13.1%. The disparity between supply and demand is due to trade with England and Wales.

Use of Vaccines

Table 11: Number of sites rearing fish vaccinated against enteric redmouth disease ( ERM) during 2000-2011

Year	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
No. of sites	35	33	34	38	42	37	31	28	28	31	27	26

Vaccines continued to be widely used as a preventative treatment against enteric redmouth disease ( ERM), a potentially serious bacterial disease, caused by the bacterium Yersinia ruckeri. A total of 20.3 million fish were vaccinated on 26 sites. Vaccination is generally carried out as a bath treatment at the fingerling stage, although some vaccines were administered by intra-peritoneal injection.

Organic Production

Of the 48 sites recorded as being active in rainbow trout production in 2011, none were certified as organic.