Publication - Research and analysis
Atlantic salmon 2021: Scottish Marine and Freshwater Science Vol 14 No 4
A summary report of the spatial extent and severity of pressures acting on Atlantic salmon in Scotland, with a view to informing management and policy at local and national scales.
Appendix 1. Summary of Pressure Themes, Individual Pressures, Short Names, Spatial Scales of Data Capture and Definitions used in this Report
| Theme | Pressure Name | Short Name | Scale of Data Capture | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exploitation | Illegal exploitation | Illegal exploit | Catchment | Poaching or illegal killing of salmon from rivers classified as category 3 under the Scottish Government Conservation Regulations |
| Coastal netting | Coastal net | Catchment | Impacts of coastal netting (now only historical) | |
| In river & estuarine netting | River net | Catchment | Legal net fisheries operating in rivers and estuaries. May include impacts of historical fisheries which have now been closed | |
| Rod & line | Angling | Catchment | Killing of salmon by rod and line fisheries | |
| Predation | Piscivorous birds | Bird pred | Catchment | Impact of predation by piscivorous birds on salmon smolts |
| Piscivorous fish | Fish pred | Catchment | Impact of predation by piscivorous fish on salmon smolts | |
| Seal predation | Seal pred | Catchment | Impact of seal predation on adult returns | |
| Disease | Disease | Disease | Catchment | Effects of disease on adult spawner numbers and condition |
| Farmed escapees | Farmed escapees | Farm escapes | Catchment | Impact of genetic introgression or direct competition resulting from escaped farmed salmon |
| Marine development | Marine development | Marine development | Catchment | Impact of marine developments including harbour developments and marine renewables but not aquaculture which is addressed separately |
| Sea lice | Sea lice | Sea lice | Catchment | Impact of sea lice from aquaculture |
| Invasive Non-Native Species (INNS) | Crayfish | Crayfish | Reach | Impact of invasive crayfish |
| Non-Native or Translocated Fish | NN Fish | Reach | Impact of fish that have been introduced outside their native range | |
| Habitat - Water Quality | Acidification | Acidification | Reach | Impact of acidification |
| Point-source pollution | Point pollution | Reach | Impact of point-source pollution (e.g. septic tanks or licenced discharges) | |
| Diffuse pollution & Eutrophication | Diffuse pollution | Reach | Impact of diffuse pollution and eutrophication (incl. sedimentation, high nutrient concentrations, pesticides etc.) | |
| Habitat - Water Quantity | Abstraction & Flow Regulation | Abstraction | Reach | Impacts resulting from a reduction in water quantity through abstraction and flow regulation (e.g. hydropower) |
| Extreme high flow events | High flow | Reach | Impact of extreme high flow events | |
| Habitat - Thermal | Changing Temperature Patterns & Loss of Shading | High Temperature | Reach | Impacts caused by an increase in water temperature due to loss of shading and / or climate change |
| Thermal discharge | Thermal discharge | Reach | Impacts of discharging warm water by industry (e.g. whisky distilleries) | |
| Thermal Modification due to Impoundment | Thermal dams | Reach | Impacts of altered thermal regime caused by large impoundments | |
| Habitat - Instream & Riparian | Loss of sediment transfer | Sediment dams | Reach | Impacts due to a loss in sediment transfer (e.g. sediment starvation below dams) |
| Instream Works Including Canalisation / Dredging / Boulder removal | Instream engineering | Reach | Effects of instream engineering works | |
| Loss of natural riparian vegetation | Riparian veg loss | Reach | Effects of losing natural riparian vegetation; changes in habitat and resource provision | |
| Conifer afforestation | Commercial conifer | Reach | Effects of commercial conifer afforestation (e.g. impacts on in-stream productivity and food availability) | |
| Obstacles to Fish Passage | Downstream passage | Barriers down | Reach | Effects of reduced downstream connectivity |
| Upstream passage | Barriers up | Reach | Effects of reduced upstream connectivity |
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