Northern Shelf Mackerel Fisheries Management Plan

Footnotes

1 UK Government (2022) Joint Fisheries Statement. The updated timetables are set out in the updated Annex A (amended December 2024).

2 The definition for an “authority” is given in Annex A (p. 55) of the JFS, which is: “Authority or Authorities responsible for preparation and publication of plan: The authority or authorities which are responsible for preparing and publishing the plan. There can be up to four fisheries policy authorities acting jointly in a plan”

3 The definition for a “co-ordinating authority” is given in Annex A (p. 55) of the JFS, which is: - “Coordinating Authority: The fisheries policy authority which will coordinate the preparation and management of the plan on behalf of the other fisheries policy authorities acting jointly”

4 UK fleet landings by rectangle stock port and EEZ 2020-2024

5 UK sea fisheries annual statistics report 2024 - GOV.UK

6 UK Economic Fleet Estimates and Fleet Enquiry Tool - Methodology Report — Seafish

7 Mackerel: 4 party arrangement (UK, Norway, Faroe Islands, Iceland) - Management of shared fish stocks: coastal state agreed records 2026 - gov.scot

8 Fishing opportunities for British fishing boats. Guidance explaining the fishing opportunities available to British fishing boats, including catch limits (quotas) and other restrictions for different fish stocks and fishing areas.

9 UK Quota Management Rules. Sets out how UK fishing quotas are divided and managed across the UK, including how quota is allocated to fisheries administrations, fishing groups and vessels.

10 Separate quota management rules as set by the Scottish Government, Defra and DAERA.

11 The majority of the technical measures applying to fishing vessels are set out under the Common Fisheries Policy legislation which was passed by the European Parliament in 2013, updated in 2019, and assimilated into UK law on the UK’s exit from the EU. Regulation (EU) 2019/1241 sets rules to conserve fish stocks and protect marine ecosystems through technical fishing measures and provides details of the assimilated UK law.

12 UK Government (2024) Technical Conservation and Landing Obligation rules and regulations from 2022 onwards.

13 The UK bycatch monitoring programme (‘the BMP’) places dedicated sensitive species bycatch observers on pelagic trawl and purse seine vessels. In 2022 the BMP conducted monitoring for 15 days at sea in the midwater trawl fishery and 12 days at sea in seine fisheries. No marine mammal or seabird bycatch was recorded in these gears. Several instances of elasmobranch and fish bycatch were recorded. Microsoft Word - 2022 BMP Annual Report

14 Supporting documents - Marine litter strategy - gov.scot

15 This section is not part of the original conservation advice and provides information on the policy context in which the FMPs are nested.

16 Changes in fish distribution in the eastern North Atlantic ICES 2023. Opens a report on observed changes in fish distribution in the eastern North Atlantic based on ICES scientific analysis.

17 Climate change risk adaptation for wild capture seafood. Opens guidance on adapting wild capture fisheries to risks associated with climate change.

18 Changing fish distributions challenge the effective management of European Fisheries. Opens an article discussing how shifting fish distributions affect fisheries management in Europe.

19 Climate change projections of commercial fish distribution and suitable habitat around north western Europe. Opens a study presenting projected changes in fish distribution and habitats under climate change scenarios.

20 Warming shelf seas drive the subtropicalization of European pelagic fish communities. Opens a scientific study on how warming seas are shifting fish communities toward warmer-water species.

21 The term ‘northward movement’ in the context of species distribution means directed or going towards the North Pole in the northern hemisphere.

22 Geographical expansion of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the Nordic Seas. A research report describing how Northeast Atlantic mackerel have expanded their range into the Nordic Seas, particularly moving north and west since the mid‑2000s.

23 Impacts on Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Relevant to the UK and Ireland. Opens a report assessing climate change impacts on commercial and recreational fisheries.

24 Impacts of climate change on the complex life cycles of fish. Opens a study examining how climate change affects different stages of fish life cycles.

25 Wasp-waist populations and marine ecosystem dynamics: Navigating the “predator pit” topographies. A research article explaining how some marine ecosystems are shaped by a few key mid‑level fish species that strongly influence both their predators and their prey.

26 Forage fish, their fisheries, and their predators: who drives whom? A research article exploring how small “forage fish” link the marine food web, supporting predators like seabirds and larger fish.

27 Interaction between top-down and bottom-up control in marine food webs. A study explaining how marine ecosystems are shaped both by “top‑down” forces (predators and fishing) and “bottom‑up” forces (climate and food availability).

28 Carbon emissions in UK fisheries: recent trends, current levels, and pathways to Net Zero. Opens a report analysing carbon emissions in UK fisheries and potential pathways to net zero.

29 The environmental impacts of pelagic fish caught by Scottish vessels. Opens a study assessing the environmental impacts of pelagic fisheries in Scotland.

30 Assessing greenhouse gas emissions from Scotland's fishing fleet. Opens a report evaluating greenhouse gas emissions from Scotland’s fishing fleet.

31 Scottish Government Sea Fisheries Statistics 2024: Table 47. Opens official statistics on sea fisheries from the Scottish Government, including Table 47.

32 Good Food Nation - Food and drink - gov.scot

33 MeCCAM is a four-year Horizon Europe project developing innovative, science-based solutions to help the European fisheries sector adapt to and mitigate climate change. With 16 partners across research, industry, and policy, MeCCAM supports a more sustainable and resilient future for fisheries.

34 Assessing the sustainability of fisheries catch limits negotiated by the UK for 2026

35 Landings by Scottish vessels - Scottish Sea Fisheries Statistics 2024 - gov.scot