Misogyny – A Human Rights Issue

Footnotes

^1. Chatham House Rule | Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank

^2. Independent Review of Hate Crime Legislation in Scotland, 4.12, pp34

^3. How Trump talks about women - and does it matter? - BBC News

^4. Transcript: Donald Trump's Taped Comments About Women - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

^5. Equally Safe: Scotland's strategy to eradicate violence against women - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

^6. Megan Hoyt, Meeting with Scottish Government, 9 March 2021

^7. Independent review of hate crime legislation in Scotland: final report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

^8. Plymouth shooting: police focus on 'incel' links as shop CCTV tape emerges | Plymouth shooting | The Guardian

^9. Prince Harry says 'Megxit' is a misogynistic term aimed at his wife Meghan | Prince Harry | The Guardian

^10. Police Scotland: Hundreds of recruits fail force vetting | The National

^11. Police Scotland review ordered after tribunal's 'sexist culture' findings - BBC News

^12. Guys: do you recognise yourself in our 60 second That Guy campaign film? - YouTube

^13. Cambridge Dictionary: to mansplain, to explain something to someone in a way that suggests that they are stupid; used especially when a man explains something to a woman that she already understands

^14. Mansplaining, explained: 'Just ask an expert. Who is not a lady' | Jessica Valenti | The Guardian

^15. Ibid

^16. Cambridge Dictionary: prejudice, noun, an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge.

^17. Cynthia A. Stark, 'Gaslighting, Misogyny and Psychological Oppression', Monist, 102(2), 2019

^18. Johnson A.G. (2014) The gender knot: Unraveling our patriarchal legacy, Philadelphia, PA

^19. L. Kelly (1988) Surviving Sexual Violence, Polity Press: London

^20. Megan Hoyt, Meeting with Scottish Government, 9 March 2021

^21. Home Affairs Committee, Hate crime: abuse, hate and extremism online, 25 April 2017, HC 609

^22. All quotations are from the Lived Experiences of Misogyny in Scotland Survey (published separately) apart from whether otherwise stated.

^23. When will women feel safe on UK streets? | Crime | The Guardian

^24. Sophie, age 18, Glasgow, Plan International UK, Street Harassment, It's Not OK, 2018

^25. Sex pests at more than 120 Scots schools as girls reveal toll of attacks and harassment - Daily Record

^26. When will women feel safe on UK streets? | Crime | The Guardian

^27. Ffion, age 25, Edinburgh, Plan International UK, Street Harassment, It's Not OK, 2018

^28. Collective National Response to the Working Group from People First (Scotland) Women's Groups (A Disabled Person's User Led Organisation)

^29. Greenford: Ex-boyfriend threw acid on woman after terrifying balloon threat | Evening Standard

^30. Working Group guest

^31. Girlguiding Research Briefing: Girls Experiences of Sexual Harassment, June 2021

^32. Girlguiding: Girls' Attidudes Survey 2021

^33. APPG-UN-Women-Sexual-Harassment-Report_Updated.pdf (unwomenuk.org)

^34. Join the movement | OUR STREETS NOW

^35. Welcome - Everyone's Invited (everyonesinvited.uk)

^36. Amnesty reveals alarming impact of online abuse against women - Amnesty International

^37. Ibid

^38. Glitch: The Ripple Effect Report COVID-19 Online Abuse (glitchcharity.co.uk)

^39. Twitter Abuse Toward Women Is Rampant, Amnesty Report Says | WIRED

^40. The Cost of Being Out at Work | TUC

^41. Police response to violence against women and girls: Final inspection report - HMICFRS (justiceinspectorates.gov.uk)

^42. Why Women Are Calling For A Nightclub Boycott Across The UK | HuffPost UK Life (huffingtonpost.co.uk)

^43. Understanding Incel Ideology: Dr Kaitlyn Regehr

^44. Isla Vista shooting: Read Elliot Rodger's graphic, elaborate attack plan - Los Angeles Times (latimes.com)

^45. Understanding Incel Ideology: Dr Kaitlyn Regehr

^46. Incels: A new terror threat to the UK? - BBC News

^47. Plymouth gunman: a hate-filled misogynist and 'incel' | Plymouth shooting | The Guardian

^48. Race and Gender in Electronic Media, Massanari Routledge 2016

^49. Understanding Incel Ideology: Dr Kaitlyn Regehr

^50. YouTube channel 'spreads incel hate' | News | The Times

^51. Six-fold increase to incel websites in nine months | The Independent

^52. Understanding Incel Ideology: Dr Kaitlyn Regehr

^53. It should be noted that these findings have not been tested for statistical significance.

^54. Situating agency – Trouble and Strife

^55. Women's Equality Party: Violence against women must be seen as national threat, like terrorism - Mandu Reid | Evening Standard

^56. Want Women To Stay In Politics? Remove The Vote From Trolls | HuffPost UK Politics (huffingtonpost.co.uk)

^57. Harassment and Intimidation of Parliamentary Candidates in the United Kingdom - Collignon - 2020 - The Political Quarterly - Wiley Online Library

^58. It should be noted that sample sizes for this question were small and this affects the validity of these findings. There were 230 white respondents but only 20 minority ethnic respondents to this question. There were 192 heterosexual/ straight respondents to this question, but only 18 gay/ lesbian and 32 bisexual respondents.

^59. The reduced sample size for this question impacts the validity of these findings. There were 31 respondents to this question aged 18 – 34, 164 aged 35 – 59 and 34 aged 60+.

^60. As above the small sample size impacts the validity of these findings. There were 209 minority ethnic respondents to this question, but only 17 minority ethnic respondents.

^61. Cambridge Dictionary: Misandry, noun, feelings of hating men

^62. Independent Review of Hate Crime Legislation in Scotland, 4.12, pp34

^63. Scottish Social Attitudes 2019: attitudes to government and political engagement - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

^64. 50% of Young Men in the UK Believe Feminism Has 'Gone Too Far': Report (globalcitizen.org) ; The personal is global political: The antifeminist backlash in the United Nations - Jelena Cupać, Irem Ebetürk, 2020 (sagepub.com)

^65. Should wolf-whistling and cat-calling be classed as crimes? | YouGov

^66. So, You Want To Be A Male Ally For Gender Equality? (And You Should): Results from a National Survey, and a Few Things You Should Know | Promundo (promundoglobal.org)

^67. Men's Activism to End Violence Against Women Voices from Spain, Sweden and the UK, Policy Press July 2021

^68. Male Agents of Change and Disassociating from the Problem in the Prevention of Violence against Women Stephen R. Burrell, Springer, March 2020

^69. Perv Scots cop jailed for hounding crime victims with sex texts and selfies - Daily Record

^70. IOPC recommendations to tackle Met culture after investigation uncovers bullying and harassment in the ranks | Independent Office for Police Conduct

^71. Met officers joked about raping women, police watchdog reveals | Metropolitan police | The Guardian

^72. Scotland set to pass 'gold standard' domestic abuse law | Domestic violence | The Guardian

^73. France to fast-track court cases taken for street harassment of women (rfi.fr)

^74. Sarah Everard: Gross misconduct probe into Couzens WhatsApp group - BBC News

^75. "Yes Means Yes" is a terrible law, and I completely support it - Vox

^76. A quote from para 48.01 of the fourth ed. of Gordon's Criminal Law, itself quoting Jas Millar (1862) 4 Irv 238 at 244 and adds "see also HM Advocate v. Baillie, 2013, S.C.C.R. 285 at [21]

^77. Independent review of hate crime legislation in Scotland: final report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

^78. Policy Memorandum Hate Crime and Public Order (Scotland) Bill (parliament.scot)

^79. FollowItApp

^80. IOPC recommendations to tackle Met culture after investigation uncovers bullying and harassment in the ranks | Independent Office for Police Conduct

^81. BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour 5 February 2022

^82. Misogyny Hate Crime received by Nottinghamshire Police - FOI 009280/16, 12th January 2017, available at: Misogyny Hate Crime received by Nottinghamshire Police - FOI 009280/16 | Nottinghamshire Police

^83. Get it Right for Girls (eis.org.uk)

^84. APPG-Misogyny-as-Hate-Crime-Minutes-of-Meeting.pdf (womensaid.org.uk)

^85. YWL-Report-FINAL.pdf (ywcascotland.org)

^86. NUS staff-student sexual misconduct report @ NUS Connect

^87. Let's end sexual harassment in schools | Girlguiding

^88. OHCHR | Women human rights defenders face worsening violence, warns UN human rights expert

^89. Toxic Twitter - A Toxic Place for Women - Amnesty International

^90. Police-reported hate crime, by type of motivation, Canada (selected police services) (statcan.gc.ca)

^91. New Jersey | HATECRIMES | Department of Justice

^92. Original study was conducted by Jessica P. Hodge (2011). Gendered Hate: Exploring Gender in Hate Crime Law. Boston, MA, Northeastern University Press. Original source unavailable so arguments were taken from a
published review conducted by, Jenness, V. (2013). Engendering hate crime law. Sex Roles: A Journal of
Research, 68(5–6), 390–393

^93. Prosecutorial Perspective on Gender Bias Hate Crimes, Sept 2005, Beverly A. McPhail, Diana M. DiNitto

^94. See Annex One

^95. The State of Street Harassment in DC | ohr