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Disability employment initiatives: review of recent evidence from Denmark and Sweden

This review has been carried out in response to the aims of the Fair Work Action Plan and associated evidence plan. It looks to examine the evidence surrounding the promotion of disability employment in Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) in Denmark and Sweden.


5. References

1 Scottish Government (2022) Fair Work action plan: becoming a leading Fair Work nation by 2025 - gov.scot

2 Fair Work Convention (2023) Fair Work Convention’s Response to: ‘Measuring Scotland’s Performance as a Leading Fair Work Nation’ Undertaken by Alma Economics

3 Alma Economics (2023) Measuring Scotland’s Performance as a Leading Fair Work Nation. Independent research for the Fair Work Convention.

4 Scottish Government (2024) Scotland’s Labour Market Insights: April 2024

5 Bengtsson, S. (2023) European Semester 2022-2023 country fiche on disability equality - Publications Office of the EU. Denmark. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion.

6 Eurostat (accessed June-September 2024) Disability employment gap by level of activity limitation and sex. Source EU-SILC.

7 Gustafsson, J. (2023) European Semester 2022-2023 country fiche on disability equality - Publications Office of the EU. Sweden. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion.

8 Scottish Government (2024) Fair Work action plan: evidence plan

98 Scottish Government (2018) A Fairer Scotland for Disabled People: employment action plan - gov.scot

10 Scottish Government (2023) Fair Start Scotland - individual placement and support review: findings - gov.scot

11 Scottish Government (2022) Supported employment: review report and Scottish Government response - gov.scot

12 Fair Work Convention The Fair Work Convention

13 European Commission & OECD (2021) Institutional and regulatory set-up of active labour market policy provision in Denmark. Funded by the European Union via the Structural Reform Support Programme, and in cooperation with the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Structural Reform Support.

14 Bazzani, T. (2017) Italy, Denmark and Germany: A comparative analysis in active and passive labour market policies. European Labour Law Journal, Volume 8 (Issue 2).

15 Lauringson, A. & Lüske M. (2021) Institutional set-up of active labour market policy provision in OECD and EU countries: Organisational set-up, regulation and capacity. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers (Number 262), OCED Publishing, Paris.

16 OECD (2023) Nordic Lessons for an Inclusive Recovery? Responses to the Impact of COVID-19 on the Labour Market. OECD Publishing, Paris.

17 Hwang, G.J., Jensen, N.K. & Wadiwel, D. (2024) Disability, employment and welfare reform: A comparative analysis of Australia and Denmark. Australian Journal of Social Issues, Volume 59 (Issue 4).

18 van der Zwan, R. & de Beer, P. (2021) The disability employment gap in European countries: What is the role of labour market policy? Journal of European Social Policy, Volume 31 (Issue 4).

19 Højbjerre, A., Kildahl Nielsen, S., Jakobsen, V., Thuesen, F., Lang Thomsen, R., Saikku, P., Mesiäislehto, M., Korpi, T., Lorentzen, T. & Celine Hardonk, S. (2023) Barriers to employment for vulnerable groups in the Nordic countries: Overview based on existing knowledge. Nordic Welfare Centre.

20 OECD & European Commission (2020) Impact evaluation of labour market policies through the use of linked administrative data

21 Nielsen, C.S. & Danish Agency for Labour Market and Recruitment (2019) Denmark’s approach in using linked administrative data to evaluate the impact of ALMPs and the Jobeffekter.dk knowledge bank

22 Munkedal, D., Weye, N. & Fonager, K. (2019) Predictors of a high work participation in the flexi-job scheme: a regional Danish cohort study. European Journal of Public Health, Volume 29 (Issue Supplement 4).

23 Barr, B., McHale, P. & Whitehead, M. (2020) Reducing Inequalities in Employment of People with Disabilities: The Impact of National Labour and Social Protection Policies. In: Bültmann, U., Siegrist, J. (eds) Handbook of Disability, Work and Health. Handbook Series in Occupational Health Sciences, Volume 1. Springer, Cham.

24 Datta Gupta, N. & Larsen, M. (2010) Evaluating Labor Market Effects of Wage Subsidies for the Disabled – the Danish Flexjob Scheme. Aarhus University Working Paper.

25 Bültmann, U., Sherson, D., Olsen, J., Hansen, C.L., Lund, T. & Kilsgaard, J. (2009) Coordinated and tailored work rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial with economic evaluation undertaken with workers on sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, Volume 19 (Issue 1).

26 Nielsen, M.B.D., Vinsløv Hansen, J., Aust, B., Tverborgvik, T., Thomsen, B.L., Bue Bjorner, J., Steen Mortensen, O., Rugulies, R., Winzor, G., Ørbæk, P. and Helverskov, T. (2015) A multisite randomized controlled trial on time to self-support among sickness absence beneficiaries. The Danish national return-to-work programme. European Journal of Public Health, Volume 25 (Issue 1).

27 Munoz-Murillo A., Esteban E., Avila C.C., Fheodoroff K., Haro J.M., Leonardi M. & Olaya B. (2018) Furthering the Evidence of the Effectiveness of Employment Strategies for People with Mental Disorders in Europe: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume 15 (Issue 5).

28 Shamshiri-Petersen, D. & Krogh, C. (2020) Disability disqualifies: A Vignette Experiment on Danish Employers’ Intentions to Hire Applicants with Physical Disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, Volume 22 (Issue 1).

29 Kuznetsova, Y., Yalcin, B. & Priestley, M. (2017) Labour market integration and equality for disabled people: a comparative analysis of Nordic and Baltic countries. Social Policy and Administration, Volume 51 (Issue 4).

30 Gjertsen, H., Hardonk, S. & Ineland, J. (2021) Work Inclusion for People with Intellectual Disabilities in Three Nordic Countries: The Current Policy and Challenges. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, Volume 23 (Issue 1).

31 Nouf-Latif, F., Andersson, K., & Markström, U. (2020) Cherry Picking Disability Rights? Swedish Disability Policy on Employment, Health and Participation. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, Volume 10 (Issue 3).

32 Kvist, J., Fritzell, J., Hvinden, B. & Kangas, O. (2012). Changing social inequality and the Nordic welfare model. In: Changing social equality. The Nordic welfare model in the 21st century. Bristol University Press.

33 Angelov, N. & Eliason, M. (2015) The Differential Earnings and Income Effects of Involuntary Job Loss on Workers with Disabilities—Evidence from Sweden. Labour, Volume 30 (Issue 2).

34 Fukushima, Y. (2019) Employment of Persons with Disabilities in Sweden. Global Business and Economics Anthology, Volume 1.

35 Angelov, N. & Eliason, M. (2018) Wage subsidies targeted to jobseekers with disabilities: subsequent employment and disability retirement. Journal of Labor Policy, Volume 7 (Issue 12).

36 Angelov, N. and Eliason, M. (2014) The effects of targeted labour market programs for job seekers with occupational disabilities. Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy, Working Paper.

37 Gustafsson, J., Peralta, J.P. & Danermark, B. (2014) The employer's perspective: employment of people with disabilities in wage subsidized employments. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, Volume 16 (Issue 3).

38 Dreaver, J., Thompson, C., Girdler, S., Adolfsson, M., Black, M.H. & Falkmer, M. (2020) Success factors enabling employment for adults on the autism spectrum from employers’ perspective. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Volume 50).

[i] This report was produced with the assistance of Dominic Lo as part of the Scottish Graduate School of Social Science (SGSSS) internship programme.

Contact

Email: employabilityresearch@gov.scot

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