Coronavirus (COVID-19) - disabled people: health, social and economic harms - research report

Footnotes

1. Includes cases where COVID-19 is listed on the death certificate

2. Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

3. Disability status was defined using the self-reported answers to the 2011 Census question; "Are your day-to-day activities limited because of a health problem or disability which has lasted, or is expected to last, at least 12 months? - Include problems related to old age" (Yes, limited a lot; Yes, limited a little; and No).

4. Sex as defined on death certificate

5. Scottish Health Survey 2019; National Survey for Wales 19-20; Health Survey for England 2017-18

6. As only 14% of total COVID-19 related deaths occur in the population aged below 75, these differences are unlikely to change the overall conclusions.

7. COVID -19 | Research projects | Scottish Learning Disabilities Observatory (sldo.ac.uk)

8. E.g. number of deaths in 100,000 people.

9. Find more information on the Social Model of Disability here: The Social Model of Disability | Inclusion Scotland

10. Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

11. Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

12. Age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) allow populations with different age profiles to be compared fairly. This is particularly important when considering mortality rates for disabled people because disability is more common amongst older people.

13. Coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

14. See Updated estimates of coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

15. Age Standardised

16. [ARCHIVED CONTENT] Release Edition Reference Tables - ONS (nationalarchives.gov.uk)

17. Standard Outputs | Census Data Explorer | Scotland's Census

18. Socio-economically disadvantaged people are more likely to experience poorer mental and physical wellbeing, lower life satisfaction, and feelings of loneliness, all of which either have already been impacted by COVID or are likely to be impacted by an economic downturn and increased poverty. Age-standardised death rates for COVID-19 have been twice as high for people living in the 20% most-deprived areas compared to the 20% least deprived areas. See Covid+and+Inequalities+Final+Report+For+Publication+-+PDF.pdf (www.gov.scot) for more details.

19. The Equality Act 2010 harmonised guidance defines someone as being disabled if they have a longstanding condition (lasting or expecting to last for 12 months or more) which reduces\limits their ability to carry-out-day-to-day activities, see more: Measuring disability for the Equality Act 2010 harmonisation guidance – GSS (civilservice.gov.uk)

20. Scottish Health Survey - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

21. General health and illness by WIMD deprivation quintile (gov.wales)

22. It is important to note that area deprivation is measured differently in Wales and Scotland, so the 20% most deprived are not necessarily equivalent.

23. Disability in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

24. It is worth noting that health inequality is higher for women and men aged 35-79 in Scotland than in England and Wales, see: UK trends - ScotPHO

25. Please note these findings refer to long term health conditions rather than limiting long- term conditions. The Equality Act 2010 harmonised guidance defines someone as being disabled if they have a longstanding condition (lasting or expecting to last for 12 months or more) which reduces\limits their ability to carry-out-day-to-day activities. Data on limiting long- term conditions was not available for all countries.

26. Please note that findings have been grouped in order to ensure comparability across surveys. Heart and Circulatory conditions includes Stroke/cerebral haemorrhage/thrombosis, Heart attack, angina Hypertension/high blood pressure/other blood pressure problem, Other heart problems, Piles/haemorrhoids, Varicose veins/phlebitis in lower extremities, Other blood vessels/embolic. Endocrine and Metabolic diseases includes Diabetes and Other endocrine and metabolic complaints.

27. It is important to note that data for these surveys were collected at different times. Data for the Scottish Health Survey was collected from January to December 2019; data for the National Survey for Wales was collected in April 2019 to March 2020, and data for the Health Survey for England covers the period January to December 2018. All three surveys define a respondent as having a long-term health condition if they answer 'yes' to the question: "Do you have a physical or mental health condition or illness lasting, or expected to last, 12 months or more?". Respondents were then given the opportunity to list up to six longstanding conditions.

28. Deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19) in Scotland, Week 4: Report (nrscotland.gov.uk)

29. Deaths registered weekly in England and Wales, provisional - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

30. Deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19) in Scotland, Week 2: Report (nrscotland.gov.uk)

31. Deaths registered weekly in England and Wales, provisional - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

32. Deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19) in Scotland, Week 2: Report (nrscotland.gov.uk)

33. Deaths involving COVID-19 by local area and socioeconomic deprivation - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

34. Deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19) in Scotland, Week 2: Report (nrscotland.gov.uk)

35. Deaths involving COVID-19, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

36. ONS data on COVID-19 deaths is reported for England and Wales combined.

37. See the Scottish Health Survey 2019 for more information on the prevalence of limiting longstanding conditions amongst disabled adults: Scottish Health Survey 2019: supplementary tables - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

38. Conditions included in 'Other' are for example hypertensive diseases, cancer, Parkinson's disease, cirrhosis and other diseases of liver and heart failure.

39. For Scotland, data represents deaths between 1^st March and 31^st December 2020, and for England and Wales, data represents deaths between March and June 2020. ONS have since not been producing breakdowns of COVID-10 deaths by pre-existing conditions due to low death rates posing disclosure risks. For more information, see COVID-19 deaths broken down by underlying health condition - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk).

40. Deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19) in Scotland, Week 2: Report (nrscotland.gov.uk)

41. For Scotland, data represents deaths between 1^st March and 31^st December 2020, and for England and Wales, data represents deaths between March and June 2020. ONS have since not been producing breakdowns of COVID-10 deaths by pre-existing conditions due to low death rates posing disclosure risks. For more information, see COVID-19 deaths broken down by underlying health condition - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk).

42. Includes women and girls from age 0

43. Includes all men and boys from age 0

44. These are interim findings which will be submitted for publication in a Scientific journal for peer-review, publication and dissemination. These interim results have been provided to support policy discussions.

45. The general population being made up of those without learning/intellectual disabilities.

46. COVID -19 | Research projects | Scottish Learning Disabilities Observatory (sldo.ac.uk)

47. COVID -19 | Research projects | Scottish Learning Disabilities Observatory (sldo.ac.uk)

48. COVID -19 | Research projects | Scottish Learning Disabilities Observatory (sldo.ac.uk)

49. COVID-19: deaths of people with learning disabilities - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)

50. Deaths of people with learning disabilities from COVID-19.pdf (bristol.ac.uk)

51. Updated estimates of coronavirus (COVID-19) related deaths by disability status, England - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

52. See Coronavirus (COVID-19): impact on equality (research) - gov.scot (www.gov.scot), Inequalities by disability in the context of Covid-19 (slide-pack) - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

53. Rights At Risk – Covid-19, disabled people and emergency planning in Scotland – a baseline report from Inclusion Scotland | Inclusion Scotland, n=822

54. Rights At Risk – Covid-19, disabled people and emergency planning in Scotland – a baseline report from Inclusion Scotland | Inclusion Scotland, n=822

55. Supercharged: A Human Catastrophe - Inequalities, Participation and Human Rights, before during and beyond COVID19 - Glasgow Disability Alliance | Glasgow Disability Alliance (gda.scot), n=5000

56. Please note that GDA operate largely in Glasgow and the surrounding areas while Inclusion Scotland and Disability Equality Scotland operate nationally.5

57. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot), p. 23

58. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot), p. 18, 19

59. Connecting Scotland

60. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot), p. 36

61. Weekly Poll Results – COVID-19: Access to Supermarkets (Week Beginning 20 April 2020) | Have Your Say... (yoursayondisability.scot) n=88

62. Weekly Poll Results – Hate Crime Bill (Week Beginning 22 June 2020) | Have Your Say... (yoursayondisability.scot)

63. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot), p. 23

64. Rights At Risk – Covid-19, disabled people and emergency planning in Scotland – a baseline report from Inclusion Scotland | Inclusion Scotland, n=822

65. Coronavirus and the social impacts on disabled people in Great Britain - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk)

66. Scottish household survey 2018: annual report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

67. Supercharged: A Human Catastrophe - Inequalities, Participation and Human Rights, before during and beyond COVID19 - Glasgow Disability Alliance | Glasgow Disability Alliance (gda.scot), n=5000

68. Shielding Report | Inclusion Scotland, n=135

69. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot), p. 22

70. Weekly Poll Results – COVID-19: Physical Distancing (Week Beginning 25 May) | Have Your Say... (yoursayondisability.scot), n= 920

71. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot) p. 8

72. Weekly Poll Results – COVID-19: Access to Supermarkets (Week Beginning 20 April 2020) | Have Your Say... (yoursayondisability.scot), n=88

73. Weekly Poll Results – COVID-19: Access to Supermarkets (Week Beginning 20 April 2020) | Have Your Say... (yoursayondisability.scot), n=88

74. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot), p. 12

75. Inequalities by disability in the context of Covid-19 (slide-pack) - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

76. Disabled people and the labour market in Scotland - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

77. Disabled-Women-and-Covid-19.pdf (wbg.org.uk), n=3,280

78. Supercharged: A Human Catastrophe - Inequalities, Participation and Human Rights, before during and beyond COVID19 - Glasgow Disability Alliance | Glasgow Disability Alliance (gda.scot), p. 10, n=5000

79. Coronavirus (COVID-19): phase 3 measures - equality and fairer Scotland impact assessment - gov.scot (www.gov.scot) p. 11

80. According to the 2019 Scottish Health Survey significantly more adults with a limiting long-term condition (defined as disabled) had experienced food insecurity when compared to adults without a limiting long-term condition (non-disabled) (18% compared to 5%). See: Scottish Health Survey 2019: supplementary tables - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)

81. COVID-19: latest impact on food - Food Foundation, n=2070

82. Rights-At-Risk-Summary-Report-1.pdf (inclusionscotland.org), n=822

83. Rights-At-Risk-Summary-Report-1.pdf (inclusionscotland.org), n=822

84. With data collected from 20th March – 31st July 2020.

85. Supercharged: A Human Catastrophe - Inequalities, Participation and Human Rights, before during and beyond COVID19 - Glasgow Disability Alliance | Glasgow Disability Alliance (gda.scot), p. 10, n=5000

86. Supercharged: A Human Catastrophe - Inequalities, Participation and Human Rights, before during and beyond COVID19 - Glasgow Disability Alliance | Glasgow Disability Alliance (gda.scot), p. 10, n=5000

87. Shielding Report | Inclusion Scotland, n=135

88. Comparing underlying conditions would require considerable research to be undertaken to ensure definitions, categories and age standardisation methods were appropriate and consistent. This is out with the scope of this report."