Early learning and childcare at age five: comparing two cohorts

8.3. Appendix C: Additional Tables

Table 8‑1 Duration of attendance at main ELC provider - by cohort

	BC1	BC2
Avg. weekly ELC attendance (hours)
Average (mean) number of hours per week***	14.4	16.6
	%	%
Under 12.5 hours per week***	30	10
12.5 hours per week***	40	22
More than 12.5 hours but less than 16 hours per week***	15	42
Between 16 and 30 hours per week***	10	20
30 or more hours per week	6	6
Unweighted bases	3731	4306
Weighted bases	3720	4304

Base: All cases where child attended ELC and information about duration was provided.
*** significant difference between cohorts at p<.001 level.

Table 8‑2 Duration of attendance at main ELC provider - by household income and by cohort

	Equivalised household income (quintiles)
	Lowest quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Highest quintile	All
Avg. (mean) hours per week a
BC1***	14.0	13.9	14.2	14.3	16.6	14.4
BC2***	15.3	15.6	16.6	17.3	20.0	16.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	689	787	628	830	573	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	773	742	797	735	823	4306
Weighted bases - BC1	870	820	591	723	488	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	1012	786	741	614	666	4304

Base: All cases where child attended ELC and information about duration was provided.
*** significant difference by household income at p<.001 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with household income between the cohorts.

Table 8‑3 Duration of attendance at main ELC provider - by parental education and by cohort

	Highest household level of education
	No quals, Lower std grades and vocational and other quals	Upper std grades and Intermediate voc quals	Higher std grades and Upper level vocational quals	Degree level quals	All
Avg. (mean) hours per week a
BC1*	13.7	13.9	14.4	14.8	14.4
BC2***	15.5	15.5	16.3	17.7	16.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	284	617	1207	1483	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	285	559	1231	2126	4306
Weighted bases - BC1	382	703	1186	1288	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	413	698	1277	1789	4304

Base: All cases where child attended ELC and information about duration was provided.
*** significant differences by parental level of education at p<.001 level.
* significant differences by parental level of education at p<.05 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with parental education between the cohorts.

Table 8‑4 Duration of attendance at main ELC provider - by area deprivation and by cohort

	Area deprivation ( SIMD quintiles)
	Most deprived quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Least deprived quintile	All
Avg. (mean) hours per week a
BC1**	15.0	13.9	14.1	13.9	14.9	14.4
BC2***	16.2	16.0	16.2	16.9	18.0	16.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	636	677	747	837	834	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	726	812	898	923	947	4306
Weighted bases - BC1	829	727	700	756	708	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	962	892	846	811	792	4304

Base: All cases where child attended ELC and information about duration was provided.
*** significant differences by area deprivation at p<.001 level.
** significant differences by area deprivation at p<.01 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with area deprivation between the cohorts.

Table 8‑5 Duration of attendance at main ELC provider - by urban/rural location and by cohort

	Urban/Rural location
	Urban	Towns (accessible and remote)	Rural (accessible and remote)	All
Avg. (mean) hours per week***
BC1	14.9	13.5	13.1	14.4
BC2	17.2	15.3	15.7	16.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	2478	497	756	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	2772	622	912	4306
Weighted bases - BC1	2591	467	662	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	2944	580	780	4304

Base: All cases where child attended ELC and information about duration was provided.
*** significant differences by urban/rural location at p<.001 level.
No significant difference in relationship with urban/rural location between the cohorts.

Table 8‑6 % of children attending ELC provider with certain quality grading - by ELC provider type and by cohort

	ELC provider type
	Local authority nursery class attached to primary school	Other local authority	Private and voluntary providers	All
Care and Support***	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	73	73	48	67
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	27	27	52	33
BC2
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	70	66	52	65
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	30	34	48	35
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1899	498	721	3118
Unweighted bases - BC2	2394	556	977	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	1890	529	676	3095
Weighted bases - BC2	2439	607	893	3953
Environment a	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1***
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	64	62	39	58
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	36	38	61	42
BC2***
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	59	58	45	56
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	41	42	55	44
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1834	474	705	3013
Unweighted bases - BC2	2394	556	977	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	1817	501	658	2976
Weighted bases - BC2	2439	607	893	3953
Staffing a	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1***
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	49	44	32	45
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	51	56	68	55
BC2**
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	55	60	49	55
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	45	40	51	45
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1886	496	721	3103
Unweighted bases - BC2	2394	556	977	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	1879	526	676	3081
Weighted bases - BC2	2439	607	893	3953
Management and Leadership***	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	57	55	39	53
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	43	45	61	47
BC2
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	52	53	40	49
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	48	47	60	51
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1824	473	701	2998
Unweighted bases - BC2	2394	556	977	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	1808	500	655	2963
Weighted bases - BC2	2439	607	893	3953
Grading mix***	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	39	36	28	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	61	64	72	64
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	38	38	29	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	62	62	71	64
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1728	433	657	2818
Unweighted bases - BC2	2394	556	977	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	1709	455	611	2775
Weighted bases - BC2	2439	607	893	3953

Base: All cases where information about ELC quality and type of ELC was available.
*** significant difference by type of ELC provider at p<.001 level.
** significant difference by type of ELC provider at p<.01 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with type of ELC provider between the cohorts.

Table 8‑7 Type of ELC provider child attended - by household income and by cohort (% of children)

	Equivalised household income (quintiles)
	Lowest quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Highest quintile	All
ELC provider type child attended a	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school***	67	64	64	59	50	62
Other local authority	23	18	15	17	11	18
Private and voluntary***	11	18	22	25	39	21
BC2
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school***	68	72	63	56	43	62
Other local authority	20	14	13	12	11	15
Private and voluntary***	12	14	23	32	46	23
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	689	787	628	830	573	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	772	745	798	737	831	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	870	820	591	723	488	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	1014	791	742	615	672	4311

Base: All cases where information about ELC type was provided.
*** significant difference by household income at p<.001 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with household income between the cohorts.
Sig tested on Local authority nursery class attached to primary school and on Primate and voluntary.

Table 8‑8 Type of ELC provider child attended - by parental education and by cohort (% of children)

	Highest household level of education
	No quals, Lower std grades and vocational and other quals	Upper std grades and Intermediate voc quals	Higher std grades and Upper level vocational quals	Degree level quals	All
ELC provider type child attended***	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school	70	69	60	56	62
Other local authority	23	19	20	13	18
Private and voluntary	7	12	21	31	21
BC2
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school	70	69	65	54	62
Other local authority	21	16	17	12	15
Private and voluntary	9	15	18	34	23
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	284	617	1207	1483	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	284	559	1230	2136	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	382	703	1186	1288	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	412	699	1276	1798	4311

Base: All cases where information about ELC type was provided.
*** significant differences by parental level of education at p<.001 level.
No significant difference in relationship with parental education between the cohorts.
Sig tested on Local authority nursery class attached to primary school and on Primate and voluntary - differences significant on both.

Table 8‑9 Type of ELC provider child attended - by area deprivation and by cohort (% of children)

	Area deprivation ( SIMD quintiles)
	Most deprived quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Least deprived quintile	All
ELC provider type child attended***	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school	60	65	62	64	56	62
Other local authority	26	19	16	13	13	18
Private and voluntary	14	16	22	23	31	21
BC2
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school	65	66	63	60	53	62
Other local authority	21	17	13	13	11	15
Private and voluntary	14	17	24	27	36	23
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	636	677	747	837	834	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	721	813	901	927	952	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	829	727	700	756	708	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	956	894	850	816	795	4311

Base: All cases where information about ELC type was provided.
*** significant differences by area deprivation at p<.001 level.
No significant difference in relationship with area deprivation between the cohorts.
Sig tested on Local authority nursery class attached to primary school and on Primate and voluntary - differences significant on both.

Table 8‑10 Type of ELC provider child attended - by urban/rural location and by cohort (% of children)

	Urban/Rural location
	Urban	Towns (accessible and remote)	Rural (accessible and remote)	All
ELC provider type child attended***	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school	59	65	69	62
Other local authority	20	15	11	18
Private and voluntary	21	21	20	21
BC2
Local authority nursery class attached to primary school	59	67	69	62
Other local authority	18	11	9	15
Private and voluntary	24	21	22	23
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	2478	497	756	3731
Unweighted bases - BC2	2774	625	915	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	2591	467	662	3720
Weighted bases - BC2	2947	582	782	4311

Base: All cases where information about ELC type was provided.
*** significant differences by urban/rural location at p<.001 level.
** significant differences by urban/rural location at p<.01 level.
No significant difference in relationship with urban/rural location between the cohorts.
Sig tested on Local authority nursery class attached to primary school and on Primate and voluntary. When testing on combined BC1 and BC2 figures (cf. Appendix B), differences were sig for Local authority nursery class attached to primary school only.

Table 8‑11 % of children attending ELC provider with certain quality grading - by household income and by cohort

	Equivalised household income (quintiles)
	Lowest quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Highest quintile	All
Care and Support	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	67	65	69	69	69	67
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	33	35	31	31	31	33
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	64	65	67	65	62	65
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	36	35	33	35	38	35
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	565	663	528	706	476	3118
Unweighted bases - BC2	716	682	717	683	748	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	709	689	498	615	401	3095
Weighted bases - BC2	944	730	664	568	605	3953
Environment	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	59	56	60	57	59	58
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	41	44	40	43	41	42
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	56	55	57	54	56	56
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	44	45	43	46	44	44
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	538	639	519	683	457	3013
Unweighted bases - BC2	716	682	717	683	748	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	668	662	487	594	386	2976
Weighted bases - BC2	944	730	664	568	605	3953
Staffing	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	46	44	45	44	48	45
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	54	56	55	56	52	55
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	51	54	58	55	60	55
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	49	46	42	45	40	45
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	564	659	522	702	476	3103
Unweighted bases - BC2	716	682	717	683	748	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	708	685	492	611	401	3081
Weighted bases - BC2	944	730	664	568	605	3953
Management and Leadership	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	52	52	54	53	56	53
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	48	48	46	47	44	47
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	48	50	51	50	50	49
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	52	50	49	50	50	51
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	537	638	515	677	454	2998
Unweighted bases - BC2	716	682	717	683	748	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	667	661	483	589	383	2963
Weighted bases - BC2	944	730	664	568	605	3953
Grading mix	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	37	34	36	36	40	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	63	66	64	64	60	64
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	36	35	38	36	36	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	64	65	62	64	64	64
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	496	603	482	644	430	2818
Unweighted bases - BC2	716	682	717	683	748	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	619	623	449	559	363	2775
Weighted bases - BC2	944	730	664	568	605	3953

Base: All cases where ELC quality information was available.
* significant difference by level of household income at p<.05 level.
No significant difference in relationship with household income between the cohorts.

Table 8‑12 % of children attending ELC provider with certain quality grading - by parental education and by cohort

	Highest household level of education
	No quals, Lower std grades and vocational and other quals	Upper std grades and Intermediate voc quals	Higher std grades and Upper level vocational quals	Degree level quals	All
Care and Support	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	69	68	69	66	67
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	31	32	31	34	33
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	62	66	67	64	65
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	38	34	33	36	35
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	237	500	1015	1251	3118
Unweighted bases - BC2	256	526	1131	1931	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	321	570	992	1082	3095
Weighted bases - BC2	371	661	1177	1627	3953
Environment	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	66	55	59	56	58
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	34	45	41	44	42
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	55	57	57	55	56
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	45	43	43	45	44
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	227	482	984	1211	3013
Unweighted bases - BC2	256	526	1131	1931	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	306	543	960	1045	2976
Weighted bases - BC2	371	661	1177	1627	3953
Staffing	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	47	44	45	44	45
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	53	56	55	56	55
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	47	54	54	58	55
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	53	46	46	42	45
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	236	495	1013	1245	3103
Unweighted bases - BC2	256	526	1131	1931	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	320	565	990	1077	3081
Weighted bases - BC2	371	661	1177	1627	3953
Management and Leadership	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'very good' or 'excellent' grade	56	52	53	53	53
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	44	48	47	47	47
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade	44	51	50	50	49
Attended provider with less than 'very good' grade	56	49	50	50	51
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	226	478	982	1204	2998
Unweighted bases - BC2	256	526	1131	1931	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	305	539	959	1040	2963
Weighted bases - BC2	371	661	1177	1627	3953
Grading mix	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	40	36	36	35	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	60	64	64	65	64
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	30	37	37	36	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	70	63	63	64	64
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	207	446	926	1143	2818
Unweighted bases - BC2	256	526	1131	1931	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	279	502	904	985	2775
Weighted bases - BC2	371	661	1177	1627	3953

Base: All cases where ELC quality information was available.
No significant differences by parental education in either cohort.

Table 8‑13 % of children attending ELC provider with certain quality grading - by area deprivation and by cohort

	Area deprivation ( SIMD quintiles)
	Most deprived quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Least deprived quintile	All
Care and Support	%	%	%	%	%	%
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	66	65	69	67	70	67
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	34	35	31	33	30	33
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	62	66	69	64	64	65
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	38	34	31	36	36	35
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	513	556	634	711	704	3118
Unweighted bases - BC2	663	739	836	840	863	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	669	595	592	643	595	3095
Weighted bases - BC2	883	821	786	744	720	3953
Environment	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	56	57	59	59	59	58
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	44	43	41	41	41	42
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	56	55	56	58	55	56
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	44	45	44	42	45	44
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	479	540	617	697	680	3013
Unweighted bases - BC2	663	739	836	840	863	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	623	573	575	629	576	2976
Weighted bases - BC2	883	821	786	744	720	3953
Staffing**	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	40	47	44	46	48	45
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	60	53	56	54	52	55
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	49	50	54	61	62	55
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	51	50	46	39	38	45
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	512	550	632	707	702	3103
Unweighted bases - BC2	663	739	836	840	863	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	668	590	591	639	594	3081
Weighted bases - BC2	883	821	786	744	720	3953
Management and Leadership	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	49	53	53	54	57	53
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	51	47	47	46	43	47
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	45	48	52	52	51	49
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	55	52	48	48	49	51
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	479	538	614	693	674	2998
Unweighted bases - BC2	663	739	836	840	863	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	623	570	572	625	571	2963
Weighted bases - BC2	883	821	786	744	720	3953
Grading mix	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	31	35	37	37	42	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	69	65	63	63	58	64
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	32	36	36	39	37	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	68	64	64	61	63	64
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	436	499	587	660	636	2818
Unweighted bases - BC2	663	739	836	840	863	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	566	527	545	596	540	2775
Weighted bases - BC2	883	821	786	744	720	3953

Base: All cases where ELC quality information was available.
** significant difference by area deprivation at p<.01 level.
No significant difference in relationship with area deprivation between the cohorts.

Table 8‑14 % of children attending ELC provider with certain quality grading - by urban/rural location and by cohort

	Urban/Rural location
	Urban	Towns (accessible and remote)	Rural (accessible and remote)	All
Care and Support	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	66	68	71	67
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	34	32	29	33
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	66	66	62	65
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	34	34	38	35
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	2065	389	664	3118
Unweighted bases - BC2	2525	566	850	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	2158	357	580	3095
Weighted bases - BC2	2696	528	729	3953
Environment	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	58	53	62	58
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	42	47	38	42
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	56	58	56	56
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	44	42	44	44
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1975	380	658	3013
Unweighted bases - BC2	2525	566	850	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	2055	347	574	2976
Weighted bases - BC2	2696	528	729	3953
Staffing	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	46	43	42	45
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	54	57	58	55
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	55	54	54	55
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	45	46	46	45
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	2054	389	660	3103
Unweighted bases - BC2	2525	566	850	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	2148	357	577	3081
Weighted bases - BC2	2696	528	729	3953
Management and Leadership	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	54	52	52	53
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	46	48	48	47
BC2
Attended provider with 'Very good' or 'Excellent' grade	49	54	46	49
Attended provider with less than 'Very good' grade	51	46	54	51
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1962	380	656	2998
Unweighted bases - BC2	2525	566	850	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	2043	347	572	2963
Weighted bases - BC2	2696	528	729	3953
Grading mix a	% of children	% of children	% of children	% of children
BC1
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	38	28	35	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	62	72	65	64
BC2
Attended provider with at least 'very good' grade on all four quality measures	35	44	33	36
Attended provider with mix of grades across quality measures	65	56	67	64
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	1839	353	626	2818
Unweighted bases - BC2	2525	566	850	3941
Weighted bases - BC1	1906	323	546	2775
Weighted bases - BC2	2696	528	729	3953

Base: All cases where ELC quality information was available.

Table 8‑15 Adjustment to primary school - individual measures (1) - by cohort

	BC1	BC2
	%	%
Child complained about school
More than once a week	7	9
Once a week or less	14	22
Not at all***	79	69
Unweighted bases	1227	1680
Weighted bases	1240	1549
Child reluctant to go to school
More than once a week	4	5
Once a week or less	19	23
Not at all***	77	71
Unweighted bases	1227	1682
Weighted bases	1240	1551
Child said good things about school
More than once a week	89	87
Once a week or less	8	10
Not at all	3	3
Unweighted bases	1225	1679
Weighted bases	1237	1547
Child looks forward to going to school
More than once a week***	91	87
Once a week or less	5	10
Not at all	3	3
Unweighted bases	1220	1678
Weighted bases	1232	1547

Bases: Cases where child had started primary school at time of age 5 interview.
*** significant difference between the cohorts at p<.001 level.

Table 8‑16 Adjustment to primary school - individual measures (2) - by cohort

	BC1	BC2
	%	%
Child finding it hard to sit still/listen in class
Agree/agree strongly	15	18
Neither agree nor disagree	19	15
Disagree/disagree strongly	66	67
Unweighted bases	1121	1647
Weighted bases	1129	1517
Child has adjusted well to school
Agree/agree strongly	91	91
Neither agree nor disagree	6	5
Disagree/disagree strongly	3	4
Unweighted bases	1202	1681
Weighted bases	1214	1548

Bases: Cases where child had started primary school at time of age 5 interview and where information was provided.
No significant difference between the cohorts.

Table 8‑17 Adjustment to primary school - composite measures - by cohort

	BC1	BC2
	%	%
Adjustment - composite measure 1
Poor	1	2
Good/average	60	62
Excellent	39	36
Unweighted bases	1227	1681
Weighted bases	1239	1550
Adjustment - composite measure 2
Below average	38	37
Average or above	62	63
Unweighted bases	1230	1684
Weighted bases	1242	1552

Bases: Cases where child had started primary school at time of age 5 interview and where information was provided.
No significant differences between the cohorts.

Table 8‑18 Adjustment to primary school - by household income and by cohort

	Equivalised household income (quintiles)
	Lowest quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Highest quintile	All
Child's adjustment to primary school***	%	%	%	%	%	%
BC1
Below average	45	37	33	31	35	38
Average or above	55	63	67	69	65	62
BC2
Below average	43	38	35	30	31	37
Average or above	57	62	65	70	69	63
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	238	271	191	271	186	1230
Unweighted bases - BC2	315	265	308	294	313	1684
Weighted bases - BC1	304	282	181	237	159	1242
Weighted bases - BC2	377	259	259	229	234	1552

Bases: Cases where child had started primary school at time of age 5 interview and where information was provided.
*** significant difference by household income at p<.001 level.
No significant differences in relationship with household income between the cohorts.

Table 8‑19 Adjustment to primary school - by parental education and by cohort

	Highest household level of education
	No quals, Lower std grades and vocational and other quals	Upper std grades and Intermediate voc quals	Higher std grades and Upper level vocational quals	Degree level quals	All
Child's adjustment to primary school***	%	%	%	%	%
BC1
Below average	53	37	38	34	38
Average or above	47	63	62	66	62
BC2
Below average	46	41	37	33	37
Average or above	54	59	63	67	63
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	81	204	407	488	1230
Unweighted bases - BC2	103	238	491	810	1684
Weighted bases - BC1	105	236	412	430	1242
Weighted bases - BC2	128	277	473	629	1552

Bases: Cases where child had started primary school at time of age 5 interview and where information was provided.
*** significant differences by parental level of education p<.001 level.
No significant differences in relationship with parental education between the cohorts.

Table 8‑20 Adjustment to primary school - by area deprivation and by cohort

	Area deprivation ( SIMD quintiles)
	Most deprived quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Least deprived quintile	All
Child's adjustment to primary school	%	%	%	%	%	%
BC1
Below average	41	38	33	40	36	38
Average or above	59	62	67	60	64	62
BC2
Below average	41	38	35	36	34	37
Average or above	59	62	65	64	66	63
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	235	238	244	273	240	1230
Unweighted bases - BC2	305	322	349	347	361	1684
Weighted bases - BC2	307	254	227	249	205	1242
Weighted bases - BC2	366	322	303	284	278	1552

Bases: Cases where child had started primary school at time of age 5 interview and where information was provided.
No significant differences by area deprivation in either of the cohorts.

Table 8‑21 Adjustment to primary school - by urban/rural location and by cohort

	Urban/Rural location
	Urban	Towns (accessible and remote)	Rural (accessible and remote)	All
Child's adjustment to primary school	%	%	%	%
BC1
Below average	37	38	39	38
Average or above	63	62	61	62
BC2
Below average	37	38	39	37
Average or above	63	62	61	63
Bases
Unweighted bases - BC1	832	151	247	1230
Unweighted bases - BC2	1148	206	330	1684
Weighted bases - BC1	878	150	214	1242
Weighted bases - BC2	1123	172	257	1552

Bases: Cases where child had started primary school at time of age 5 interview and where information was provided.
No significant differences by urban/rural location in either of the cohorts.

Table 8‑22 SDQ summary mean scores - by household income and by cohort

	Equivalised household income (quintiles)
	Lowest quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Highest quintile	All
Total difficulties***
BC1	9.7	8.0	7.4	6.8	6.2	7.9
BC2	9.7	7.9	6.9	6.1	5.9	7.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	705	794	638	849	587	3786
Unweighted bases - BC2	772	752	801	756	843	4317
Weighted bases - BC1	892	830	604	738	501	3779
Weighted bases - BC2	1015	796	745	633	681	4300
Emotional symptoms***
BC1	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.3
BC2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.1	1.3
Unweighted bases - BC1	712	795	642	849	588	3802
Unweighted bases - BC2	779	755	801	759	844	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	899	830	607	738	501	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	1022	799	745	635	682	4321
Conduct problems***
BC1	2.2	1.8	1.6	1.6	1.3	1.8
BC2	2.2	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.7
Unweighted bases - BC1	712	795	642	850	588	3803
Unweighted bases - BC2	778	754	802	759	845	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	899	830	607	740	501	3797
Weighted bases - BC2	1021	798	746	635	683	4320
Hyperactivity***
BC1	4.4	3.8	3.7	3.3	3.1	3.8
BC2	4.4	3.7	3.3	2.9	2.8	3.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	707	795	639	850	588	3793
Unweighted bases - BC2	778	754	802	758	845	4334
Weighted bases - BC1	894	830	605	740	501	3785
Weighted bases - BC2	1022	798	746	635	683	4320
Peer problems***
BC1	1.5	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.7	1.1
BC2	1.6	1.1	0.9	0.7	0.7	1.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	713	795	641	850	587	3801
Unweighted bases - BC2	778	754	802	756	844	4328
Weighted bases - BC1	900	831	607	740	501	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	1022	798	746	633	682	4312
Pro-social***
BC1	8.0	8.2	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.2
BC2	8.1	8.5	8.6	8.6	8.7	8.4
Unweighted bases- BC1	712	794	643	849	588	3802
Weighted bases - BC1	899	829	609	738	501	3796
Unweighted bases - BC2	778	753	801	758	844	4331
Weighted bases - BC2	1022	796	744	635	682	4316

Base: All cases where information was provided for relevant questions.
*** significant difference by level of household income at p<.001 level.
No significant difference in relationship with household income between the cohorts.

Table 8‑23 SDQ summary mean scores - by parental education and by cohort

	Highest household level of education
	No quals, Lower std grades and vocational and other quals	Upper std grades and Intermediate voc quals	Higher std grades and Upper level vocational quals	Degree level quals	All
Total difficulties***
BC1	9.9	9.2	7.5	6.7	7.9
BC2	9.7	9.2	7.7	6.3	7.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	288	620	1225	1510	3786
Unweighted bases - BC2	270	551	1233	2159	4317
Weighted bases - BC1	390	709	1206	1311	3779
Weighted bases - BC2	392	686	1277	1821	4300
Emotional symptoms***
BC1	1.6	1.5	1.2	1.1	1.3
BC2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.3
Unweighted bases - BC1	290	627	1228	1511	3802
Unweighted bases - BC2	271	557	1237	2165	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	391	716	1208	1312	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	393	693	1284	1826	4321
Conduct problems a
BC1 ***	2.2	2.1	1.6	1.5	1.8
BC2 ***	2.1	2.2	1.7	1.4	1.7
Unweighted bases - BC1	289	629	1228	1511	3803
Unweighted bases - BC2	271	554	1238	2167	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	391	719	1208	1312	3797
Weighted bases - BC2	393	689	1285	1828	4320
Hyperactivity***
BC1	4.4	4.3	3.7	3.2	3.8
BC2	4.2	4.2	3.7	3.0	3.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	290	622	1227	1511	3793
Unweighted bases - BC2	271	555	1238	2165	4334
Weighted bases - BC1	391	711	1207	1312	3785
Weighted bases - BC2	393	691	1285	1827	4320
Peer problems a
BC1 ***	1.6	1.3	1.0	0.9	1.1
BC2 ***	1.7	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	289	630	1226	1510	3801
Unweighted bases - BC2	272	556	1234	2162	4328
Weighted bases - BC1	391	720	1206	1311	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	394	692	1278	1824	4312
Pro-social a
BC1 **	8.1	8.0	8.3	8.2	8.2
BC2 ***	8.1	8.2	8.5	8.6	8.4
Unweighted bases - BC1	289	627	1229	1511	3802
Unweighted bases - BC2	272	555	1237	2164	4331
Weighted bases - BC1	390	717	1210	1312	3796
Weighted bases - BC2	394	691	1284	1825	4316

Base: All cases where information was provided for relevant questions.
*** significant difference by parental education at p<.001 level.
** significant difference by parental education at p<.01 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with parental education between the cohorts.

Table 8‑24 SDQ summary mean scores - by area deprivation and by cohort

	Area deprivation ( SIMD quintiles)
	Most deprived quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Least deprived quintile	All
Total difficulties***
BC1	9.4	8.4	7.7	7.1	6.4	7.9
BC2	9.0	8.4	7.1	6.8	6.2	7.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	659	681	757	844	845	3786
Unweighted bases - BC2	727	801	900	932	957	4317
Weighted bases - BC1	860	731	710	762	717	3779
Weighted bases - BC2	958	878	847	818	800	4300
Emotional symptoms***
BC1	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.0	1.3
BC2	1.5	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Unweighted bases - BC1	664	684	762	845	847	3802
Unweighted bases - BC2	729	809	904	935	958	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	865	734	715	762	719	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	960	888	852	821	800	4321
Conduct problems a
BC1 ***	2.1	1.8	1.8	1.6	1.4	1.8
BC2 ***	2.0	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.4	1.7
Unweighted bases - BC1	665	684	761	846	847	3803
Unweighted bases - BC2	730	808	903	936	958	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	866	734	714	764	719	3797
Weighted bases - BC2	961	887	850	822	800	4320
Hyperactivity***
BC1	4.4	4.0	3.7	3.5	3.2	3.8
BC2	4.1	4.0	3.3	3.2	2.9	3.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	661	682	758	846	846	3793
Unweighted bases - BC2	731	808	904	934	957	4334
Weighted bases - BC1	862	732	711	764	718	3785
Weighted bases - BC2	962	888	851	820	800	4320
Peer problems***
BC1	1.4	1.2	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.1
BC2	1.4	1.3	1.0	0.9	0.8	1.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	664	684	762	845	846	3801
Unweighted bases - BC2	729	806	902	933	958	4328
Weighted bases - BC1	866	734	715	763	718	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	960	883	850	819	800	4312
Pro-social a
BC1	8.1	8.3	8.1	8.2	8.3	8.2
BC2***	8.2	8.3	8.5	8.6	8.6	8.4
Unweighted bases - BC1	665	684	761	845	847	3802
Unweighted bases - BC2	729	806	904	934	958	4331
Weighted bases - BC1	867	734	714	762	719	3796
Weighted bases - BC2	959	885	851	820	800	4316

Base: All cases where information was provided for relevant questions.
*** significant difference by area deprivation at p<.001 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with area deprivation between the cohorts.

Table 8‑25 SDQ summary mean scores - by urban/rural location and by cohort

	Urban/Rural location
	Urban	Towns (accessible and remote)	Rural (accessible and remote)	All
Total difficulties***
BC1	8.1	7.6	7.1	7.9
BC2	7.8	7.3	7.1	7.6
Unweighted bases - BC1	2525	504	757	3786
Unweighted bases - BC2	2784	620	913	4317
Weighted bases - BC1	2639	476	664	3779
Weighted bases - BC2	2946	575	779	4300
Emotional symptoms**
BC1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
BC2	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3
Unweighted bases - BC1	2535	507	760	3802
Unweighted bases - BC2	2794	624	917	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	2650	479	666	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	2958	580	783	4321
Conduct problems***
BC1	1.8	1.7	1.7	1.8
BC2	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.7
Unweighted bases - BC1	2537	506	760	3803
Unweighted bases - BC2	2795	624	916	4335
Weighted bases - BC1	2653	478	666	3797
Weighted bases - BC2	2958	579	782	4320
Hyperactivity***
BC1	3.9	3.7	3.4	3.8
BC2	3.6	3.4	3.4	3.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	2528	506	759	3793
Unweighted bases - BC2	2794	623	917	4334
Weighted bases - BC1	2643	477	665	3785
Weighted bases - BC2	2958	578	783	4320
Peer problems***
BC1	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1
BC2	1.2	1.0	1.0	1.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	2537	506	758	3801
Unweighted bases - BC2	2790	624	914	4328
Weighted bases - BC1	2653	478	665	3795
Weighted bases - BC2	2952	580	781	4312
Pro-social
BC1	8.2	8.3	8.2	8.2
BC2	8.4	8.4	8.5	8.4
Unweighted bases - BC1	2535	507	760	3802
Unweighted bases - BC2	2791	624	916	4331
Weighted bases - BC1	2651	479	666	3796
Weighted bases - BC2	2954	580	782	4316

Base: All cases where information was provided for relevant questions.
*** significant difference by urban/rural location at p<.001 level.
** significant difference by urban/rural location at p<.01 level.
No significant difference in relationship with urban/rural location between the cohorts.

Table 8‑26 Cognitive ability mean t-score - by household income and by cohort

	Equivalised household income (quintiles)
	Lowest quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Highest quintile	All
Vocabulary a
BC1 ***	53.8	58.0	59.7	60.6	62.2	58.3
BC2 ***	54.2	56.5	58.0	60.4	61.9	57.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	689	778	628	837	578	3723
Unweighted bases - BC2	761	748	796	755	845	4326
Weighted bases - BC1	870	812	591	729	492	3706
Weighted bases - BC2	1004	793	737	632	683	4310
Problem solving***
BC1	53.3	55.6	56.9	58.0	59.9	56.4
BC2	54.0	55.1	56.9	57.9	58.8	56.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	686	779	628	838	578	3721
Unweighted bases - BC2	756	750	794	753	844	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	867	813	591	729	492	3703
Weighted bases - BC2	998	796	735	630	682	4300

Base: All children who completed assessments.
*** significant difference by household income at p<.001 level.
^a significant difference in relationship with household income between the cohorts.

Table 8‑27 Cognitive ability mean t-score - by parental education and by cohort

	Highest household level of education
	No quals, Lower std grades and vocational and other quals	Upper std grades and Intermediate voc quals	Higher std grades and Upper level vocational quals	Degree level quals	All
Vocabulary***
BC1	52.1	56.0	58.5	61.4	58.3
BC2	50.2	54.8	57.5	60.3	57.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	271	612	1212	1493	3723
Unweighted bases - BC2	281	558	1227	2157	4326
Weighted bases - BC1	365	700	1191	1296	3706
Weighted bases - BC2	407	698	1268	1814	4310
Problem solving***
BC1	51.6	54.6	56.5	58.6	56.4
BC2	53.2	53.9	56.3	57.8	56.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	270	612	1211	1493	3721
Unweighted bases - BC2	278	556	1221	2155	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	364	701	1189	1296	3703
Weighted bases - BC2	406	695	1260	1814	4300

Base: All children who completed assessments.
*** significant differences by parental level of education at p<.001 level.
No significant difference in relationship with parental education between the cohorts.

Table 8‑28 Cognitive ability mean t-score - by area deprivation and by cohort

	Area deprivation ( SIMD quintiles)
	Most deprived quintile	2nd	3rd	4th	Least deprived quintile	All
Vocabulary***
BC1	55.3	56.8	58.7	60.3	60.7	58.3
BC2	54.8	55.7	58.1	59.6	60	57.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	638	668	744	836	837	3723
Unweighted bases - BC2	720	800	907	937	962	4326
Weighted bases - BC1	827	718	698	754	710	3706
Weighted bases - BC2	953	880	852	822	803	4310
Problem solving***
BC1	53.8	55.4	56.9	57.4	58.7	56.4
BC2	54.3	54.5	57.4	56.9	57.7	56.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	634	670	743	836	838	3721
Unweighted bases - BC2	717	797	904	935	961	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	822	720	696	754	711	3703
Weighted bases - BC2	949	876	849	823	802	4300

Base: All children who completed assessments.
*** significant differences by area deprivation at p<.001 level.
No significant difference in relationship with area deprivation between the cohorts.

Table 8‑29 Cognitive ability mean t-score - by urban/rural location and by cohort

	Urban/Rural location
	Urban	Towns	Rural	All
Vocabulary***
BC1	57.6	59.2	60.3	58.3
BC2	56.8	58.1	59.9	57.5
Unweighted bases - BC1	2473	500	750	3723
Unweighted bases - BC2	2781	629	916	4326
Weighted bases - BC1	2576	472	658	3706
Weighted bases - BC2	2945	585	781	4310
Problem solving***
BC1	55.9	57.3	57.4	56.4
BC2	55.4	57.6	57.4	56.1
Unweighted bases - BC1	2471	500	750	3721
Unweighted bases - BC2	2771	628	915	4314
Weighted bases - BC1	2574	472	658	3703
Weighted bases - BC2	2935	584	781	4300

Base: All children who completed assessments
*** significant differences by urban/rural location at p<.001 level.
No significant difference in relationship with urban/rural location between the cohorts.

Table 8‑30 Vocabulary and problem solving mean scores at age 5, by weekly number of hours child attended ELC ( BC2 only)

	Weekly ELC duration
Mean score	Up to 12.5 hours	Over 12.5 up to 16 hours	Over 16, less than 30 hours	30 hours or more	All
Vocabulary**	58.3	56.6	57.6	58.5	57.5
Problem solving*	56.7	55.4	56.2	57.0	56.1
Unweighted bases -vocabulary	1305	1722	884	293	4326
Weighted bases - vocabulary	1324	1751	839	274	4310
Unweighted bases - problem solving	1301	1718	882	292	4314
Weighted bases - problem solving	1319	1749	837	272	4300

Base: All children in BC2 who attended ELC and where information about number of hours was provided.
** significant differences by average weekly number of hours child attended ELC at p<.01 level;
* significant differences by average weekly number of hours child attended ELC at p<.05 level