Low carbon heating in domestic buildings - technical feasibility: report

Footnotes

1. Scottish Government 2018 Energy Efficient Scotland: route map

2. CCC 2019, Net Zero - The UK's contribution to stopping global warming

3. Element Energy & UCL 2019, Analysis on abating direct emissions from 'hard-to-decarbonise' homes

4. Element Energy 2019, Evidence gathering for electric heating options in off gas grid homes

5. BEIS 2016, Evidence gathering - Low Carbon Heating Technologies

6. Element Energy for BEIS 2019, Evidence gathering for electric heating options in off gas grid homes

7. NNFCC for BEIS 2019, Evidence Gathering for Off-Gas Grid Bioliquid Heating Options

8. Frazer-Nash Consultancy for BEIS 2018, Appraisal of Domestic Hydrogen Appliances

9. HyDeploy 2020, UK's first grid-injected hydrogen pilot gets underway

10. Element Energy for BEIS 2017, Hybrid Heat Pumps

11. Element Energy 2015, Research on district heating and local approaches to heat decarbonisation

12. Met Office: Northern Scotland: climate

13. Energy Networks Association 2019, Distribution Network Operator Cut-out Types & Ratings Guidance

14. SSEN, Service alteration

15. UKPN, Upgrade electricity: Time and cost

16. Busby et al. 2009, Initial geological considerations before installing ground source heat pump systems

17. BEIS 2018, Renewable heat incentive: biomass combustion in urban areas

18. Frazer-Nash Consultancy for BEIS 2018, Appraisal of Domestic Hydrogen Appliances

19. Element Energy 2019, Analysis on abating direct emissions from 'hard-to-decarbonise' homes

20. Scottish Government, Urban Rural Classification 2016

21. Scottish Government 2020, Annual compendium of Scottish energy statistics

22. Energy Networks Association 2019, Distribution Network Operator Cut-out Types & Ratings Guidance

23. Busby et al. 2009, Initial geological considerations before installing ground source heat pump systems

24. The Renewable Energy Hub UK, A Complete Guide to Heat Pumps in 2020

25. AEA for DECC 2012, RHI Phase II - Technology Assumptions

26. Element Energy & UCL 2019, Analysis on abating direct emissions from 'hard-to-decarbonise' homes

27. CCC 2018 Biomass in a low-carbon economy

28. The additional electrical load associated with domestic fast charging of an electric vehicle was not considered in this study but may negatively impact the suitability of electric storage heating more than direct electric heating, if the charging occurs overnight.

29. Official Journal of the European Union, Renewable energy directive (2013/114/EU)

30. The seasonal performance factor is a measure of the efficiency of a heat pump. It is defined as the ratio between the heat delivered by the HP and the electrical energy supplied to the HP over one year.

31. MCS, Heat Emitter Guide for Domestic Heat Pumps

32. 96% of homes constrained by fuse limit result to be constrained also by peak specific heat demand, considering fuse limit 80A and specific heat demand of 120W/m² in 2017.

33. NNFCC, Bioenergy

34. Element Energy 2019, Hy-Impact Series - Hydrogen production with CCS and bioenergy

35. Assuming 1 tonne of air-dry wood fuel = 3 MWh, 1 L of bioLPG = 6.9 kWh, 1 L of bioliquid = 8.4 kWh

36. CCC 2019, Net Zero - The UK's contribution to stopping global warming

37. UPRN is the unique property reference number assigned to each property in the Home Analytics tool.