Stroke improvement plan: equality impact assessment
Equality impact assessment (EQIA) for the stroke improvement plan which includes summary, background, key findings and conclusions.
Footnotes
1 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Stroke Statistics - year ending 31 March 2022. January 2023.
2 The Scottish Government, The Scottish Health Survey 2021 (Edinburgh, 2022) pp. 31, The Scottish Health Survey 2021 - volume 1: main report - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
3 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Stroke Statistics - year ending 31 March 2022. pp 13, January 2023. Scottish stroke statistics - Year ending 31 March 2022 - Scottish stroke statistics - Publications - Public Health Scotland
4 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Stroke Statistics - year ending 31 March 2022. pp 4, January 2023.
5 Hart C L; Hole, D J; Smith G D; Influence of Socioeconomic Circumstances in Early and Later Life on Stroke Risk Among Men in a Scottish Cohort Study
Originally published 1 Sep 2000 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.31.9.2093 Stroke. 2000;31:2093–2097
6 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Burden of Disease study Forecasting the future burden of disease: Incorporating the impact of demographic transition over the next 20 years. November 2022; pp 5. Scottish Burden of Disease Forecasting Briefing (scotpho.org.uk)
7 The future incidence, prevalence and costs of stroke in the UK. King D; Wittenberg R; Patel; A Zahid; Vladislav Berdunov Q; Knapp, M. Age and Ageing, Volume 49, Issue 2, March 2020, pp 277–282, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz163
8 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Stroke Statistics - year ending 31 March 2022. pp 6, January 2023.
9 The Scottish Government, The Scottish Health Survey 2021 (Edinburgh, 2022) pp. 31
The Scottish Health Survey 2021 - Volume 1: Main Report (www.gov.scot)
10 The Scottish Government, A Scotland for the future: opportunities and challenges of Scotland's changing population (Edinburgh 2021), pp22
11 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Burden of Disease study Forecasting the future burden of disease: Incorporating the impact of demographic transition over the next 20 years. November 2022; pp 5, Scottish Burden of Disease Forecasting Briefing (scotpho.org.uk)
12 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Stroke Statistics - year ending 31 March 2022. January 2023.
13 Boot E, Ekker MS, Putaala J, Kittner S, De Leeuw FE, Tuladhar AM. Ischaemic stroke in young adults: a global perspective. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Apr;91(4):411-417. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-322424. Epub 2020 Feb 3. PMID: 32015089. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32015089/
14 Roberts, E., ‘Age discrimination in health and social care’ Age Discrimination in Health and Social Care | The King's Fund [accessed 25th January 2020] pp. 1
15 Berry, R. ‘Older people and the internet - Towards a “system map” of digital exclusion’ The International Longevity Centre (2011) pp. 5
16 Helsper, E. J., and Reisdorf, B. C; . (2016) The emergence of a "digital underclass" in Great Britain and Sweden: changing reasons for digital exclusion. New Media & Society. ISSN 1461-4448. DOI: 10.1177/1461444816634676 Helsper_The emergence of a digital underclass.pdf (lse.ac.uk)
17 The National Institute for Health and Social Care Excellence. 2019, Nice Guideline 128: Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack in over 16s: Diagnosis and Initial Management, Accessed: Overview | Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management | Guidance | NICE (19 August, 2022)
18 The Stroke Foundation, 2020, Disability after a Stroke, Accessed: Disability after a stroke - The Stroke Foundation (19 August, 2022)
19 The National Institute for Health and Social Care Excellence. 2019, Nice Guideline 128: Stroke and Transient Ischaemic Attack in over 16s: Diagnosis and Initial Management, Accessed: Overview | Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management | Guidance | NICE (19 August, 2022)
20 NHS, 2019, Prevention: Stroke, Accessed: Stroke - Prevention - NHS (www.nhs.uk) (19 August, 2022).
21 Nettle, D. 2010, Why Are There Social Gradients in Preventative Health Behaviour? A Perspective from Behavioural Ecology, Accessed: Why Are There Social Gradients in Preventative Health Behavior? A Perspective from Behavioral Ecology | PLOS ONE (19 August, 2022).
22 Williams, T. S.; McDonald, K. P.; Roberts, S. D.; Dlamini, N., deVeber, G., & Westmacott, R. (2017) Prevalence and Predictors of Learning and Psychological Diagnoses Following Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke, Developmental Neuropsychology, 42:5, 309-322, DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2017.1353093
23 Hosking, F. J., Carey, I. M., Shah, S. M., Harris, T., DeWilde, S., Beighton, C., and Cook, D. G. 2016: Mortality Among Adults With Intellectual Disability in England: Comparisons With the General Population. American Journal of Public Health 106, 1483-1490; https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303240
24 Anita F Young, Simon Naji, Thilo Kroll, Support for self-management of cardiovascular disease by people with learning disabilities, Family Practice, Volume 29, Issue 4, August 2012, Pages 467–475, https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmr106
25 McKevitt C, Fudge N, Redfern J, Sheldenkar A, et al. 2011, Self-reported long-term needs after stroke. Stroke, vol. 42, pp. 1398-403.
26 Public Health Scotland, Scottish Burden of Disease study Forecasting the future burden of disease: Incorporating the impact of demographic transition over the next 20 years. November 2022; pp 7. Scottish Burden of Disease Forecasting Briefing (scotpho.org.uk)
27 Scottish Burden of Disease: Deprivation report 2016. ScotPHO. pP11
Scottish Burden of Disease: Deprivation Report (scotpho.org.uk)
28 Cohen, A., Ashworth, M., Askey, A. & Ismail, K. 2018. Diabetes Outcomes in People with Severe Mental Illness, British Journal of General Practice, vol. 68, no. 669, pp. 166-167. Accessed: Diabetes outcomes in people with severe mental illness | British Journal of General Practice (bjgp.org) (16 August, 2022).
29 Nielsen, R. E., Banner, J., Jensen, S. E. ‘Cardiovascular disease in patients with severe mental illness’ (2021). Nature Reviews Cardiology volume 18, pages 136–145
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30 Mayor, S., ‘Patients with severe mental illness have greatly increased cardiovascular risk’ (2017). BMJ 2017;357:j2339
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31 Cohen, A., Ashworth, M., Askey, A. & Ismail, K. 2018. Diabetes Outcomes in People with Severe Mental Illness, British Journal of General Practice, vol. 68, no. 669, pp. 166-167. Accessed: Diabetes outcomes in people with severe mental illness | British Journal of General Practice (bjgp.org) (16 August, 2022).
32 Mayor, S. 2017, Patients with Severe Mental Illness have Greatly Increased Cardiovascular Risk, Study Finds, BMJ, vol. 357.
33 Amarenco P, Lavallée P, Monterio Tavares L et al. 2018, Five-years risk of stroke after TIA or minor ischaemic stroke. N Engl J Med, vol. 378, pp. 2182–2190.
34 Fleetwood K., Wild, S. H., Smith, D. J., Mercer, S. W., Licence, K., Sudlow, C. L. M., Jackson, C. A. 2021, Severe Mental Illness and Mortality and Coronary Revascularisation following a Myocardial Infarction: a Retrospective Cohort Study, BMC Medicine, vol. 19, no. 67.
35 Fleetwood, K., Wild, S., Smith, D., Mercer, S., Licence, K., Sudlow, C., & Jackson, C. (2022). Association of severe mental illness with stroke outcomes and process-of-care quality indicators: Nationwide cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 221(1), 394-401. doi:10.1192/bjp.2021.120
36 Ethnic Inequalities in Healthcare: A Rapid Evidence Review (2022). NHS Race and Health Observatory. RHO-Rapid-Review-Final-Report_v.7.pdf (nhsrho.org)
37 The Scottish Government, The Scottish Health Survey 2021 (Edinburgh, 2022) pp. 31
The Scottish Health Survey 2021 - Volume 1: Main Report (www.gov.scot)
38 Rexrode, K. M., Tracy E. Madsen, T. E., Yu, A. Y. X., Carcel, C., Lichtman, J. H., & Miller, E. C., 2022. The Impact of Sex and Gender on Stroke, Circulation Research, February 18, 2022, Vol 130, Issue 4, 512-528; https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319915
39 Peters S. A.E., Carcel C., Millett E. R. C., Woodward, M. Sex differences in the association between major risk factors and the risk of stroke in the UK Biobank cohort study. Neurology Nov 2020, 95 (20) e2715-e2726; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010982. Sex differences in the association between major risk factors and the risk of stroke in the UK Biobank cohort study | Neurology
40 Scottish Stroke Statistics; Year ending 31 March 2022: A National Statistics release for Scotland. 24 January 2023, p12. Scottish Stroke Statistics (publichealthscotland.scot)
41 Volpe, A. G., Zuniga, M. C., Caunca, M. R. and Rosendale, N.
Originally published 23 Jan 2023 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.039893Stroke. 2023;54:e44–e47
Gender and Sex Equity in Stroke Research, Education, and Care | Stroke (ahajournals.org)
42 Streed, C. G. Jr, Beach, L. B., Caceres, B. A., Dowshen, N. L., Moreau, K. L., Mukherjee, M., Poteat, T., Radix, A., L. Reisner, S. L., Singh, V. S.: Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Originally published 8 Jul 2021https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001003Circulation. 2021;144:e136–e148
43 Miller, E. & Leffert, L. 2020, Stroke in Pregnancy: A Focused Update, Anesthesia & Analgesia, vol. 130, no. 4, pp. 1085-1096.
44 Lu Ban et al. 2017. “The incidence of first stroke in and around pregnancy: A population-based cohort study from Sweden” European Stroke Journal. Epub April 21, 2017. doi: 10.1177/2396987317706600
45 Johansson T, Fowler P, Ek WE, Skalkidou A, Karlsson T, Johansson Å. Oral Contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Stroke Risk. Stroke. 2022 Oct;53(10):3107-3115. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.038659. Epub 2022 Jun 23. PMID: 35735009. Oral Contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Stroke Risk - PubMed (nih.gov)
46 National Clinical Guideline for Stroke for the UK and Ireland (2023): pp155 https://www.strokeguideline.org/
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49 Rexrode, K. M., Tracy E. Madsen, T. E., Yu, A. Y. X., Carcel, C., Lichtman, J. H., & Miller, E. C., 2022. The Impact of Sex and Gender on Stroke, Circulation Research, February 18, 2022, Vol 130, Issue 4, 512-528; https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319915
50 Volpe, A. G., Zuniga, M. C., Caunca, M. R. and Rosendale, N.
Originally published 23 Jan 2023 https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.039893Stroke. 2023;54:e44–e47
Gender and Sex Equity in Stroke Research, Education, and Care | Stroke (ahajournals.org)
51 Streed, C. G. Jr, Beach, L. B., Caceres, B. A., Dowshen, N. L., Moreau, K. L., Mukherjee, M., Poteat, T., Radix, A., L. Reisner, S. L., Singh, V. S.: Assessing and Addressing Cardiovascular Health in People Who Are Transgender and Gender Diverse: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Originally published 8 Jul 2021https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001003Circulation. 2021;144:e136–e148
52 Grant, J. M., Mottet, L. A., Tanis, J., Herman, J. L., Harrison, J. & Keisling, M. 2010. National Transgender Discrimination Survey Report on Health and Health Care, Washington DC: National Centre for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Washington, DC.
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