Collaborative economy: evidence analysis

Footnotes

1. Assessing the size and presence of the collaborative economy in Europe (2016), PwC UK

2. Assessing the size and presence of the collaborative economy in Europe (2016), PwC UK

3. Respondents did not provide evidence on the scale of any antisocial behaviour or noise nuisance, but reference was made to a briefing paper produced by Andy Wightman MSP ( Short Term Lets - Briefing Paper No. 1, (2017) Ciaran McDonald & Andy Wightman MSP).

4. It should be noted that some accommodation providers may not be required to pay business rates.

5. Respondents referred specifically to the European Holiday Home Association having drawn on multiple studies to make this argument. The only direct reference to an EHHA publication was to Market Access Requirements for Accommodation Sector II, (March 2017) European Holiday Home Association.

6. Specific reference to research undertaken by Edinburgh City Council in 2012, and to statistics showing a decrease in the number of complaints against short-term let properties between 2014/15 and 2015/16.

7. This included reference to specific hotel chains, and to Impact of the short-term rental industry in Europe, (September 2016) Niki Nutsch, nutschassociates.com.

8. Specific examples mentioned by respondents were the European Commission's 2016 communication "A European Agenda for the Collaborative Economy"; the "Unlocking the sharing economy" review by Debbie Wosskow to the UK Government in 2014; New York legislation in 2010 and 2016 limiting short-term lets (although one respondent questioned whether this legislation had achieved the desired outcomes); San Francisco legislation requiring providers of short-term lets to register with local authorities; legislation across a number of European cities (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels and Paris) limiting short-term lets and/or requiring accommodation providers to register with authorities; and an alliance of mayors from 22 cities currently considering approaches to regulation of the collaborative economy.

9. Sweated Labour: Uber and the 'gig economy' (2016), Frank Field and Andrew Forsey.

10. Belgian Government Approves Simple and Low Tax Rates for Sharing Economy. (June 2017).

11. www.crowdfunder.co.uk/angus

12. Exploratory study of consumer issues in online peer-to-peer platform markets (2017), European Commission.

13. This included reference to specific hotel chains, and to Impact of the short-term rental industry in Europe, (September 2016) Niki Nutsch, nutschassociates.com.

14. /publications/barclay-review-business-rates-scotland-call-submissions/pages/1/

15. http://www.fsb.org.uk/standing-up-for-you/national-offices/scotland/entrepreneurial-towns/highest-and-lowest-self-employed-towns-in-scotland and https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/500305/understanding-self-employment.pdf

16. https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/how-citizens-advice-works/media/press-releases/bogus-self-employment-costing-millions-to-workers-and-government/

17. Mapping self-employed across Scotland (2017), FSB Scotland; Taylor Review of Employment Practices in the Modern Economy (2017); Scottish Affairs Committee's Inquiry into sustainable employment (2016); Scottish Government consultation on social security (2016); Home Truths: The true value of home-based businesses (2015), FSB Scotland; Micros Untapped: Realising the employment potential of micro-businesses (2012), FSB Scotland.

18. Reasons for the reserved judgement on preliminary hearing sent to the parties on 28 October 2016, Employment Tribunals cases 2202550/2015 & others.

19. Scotland's Skills 2030 (2017), Institute for Public Policy Research Scotland.

20. Sweated Labour: Uber and the 'gig economy' (2016), Frank Field and Andrew Forsey.

21. https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/about-us/how-citizens-advice-works/media/press-releases/bogus-self-employment-costing-millions-to-workers-and-government/

22. Report on self-employment and the gig economy (2017), House of Commons' Work and Pensions Committee.

23. Most gig economy workers 'want employment rights (2017), People Management

24. It should be noted that some accommodation providers may not be required to pay business rates.