Preventing labour exploitation: evidence summary

Footnotes

1 Focus on Labour Exploitation (FLEX) is a research and policy organisation working to tackle all forms of labour exploitation, including forced labour and human trafficking. They release publications that cover UK, including Scotland.

2 ‘Prevention of human trafficking and exploitation: evidence review’; ‘Preventing criminal exploitation: evidence summary’; ‘Preventing sexual exploitation: evidence summary’

3 Grey literature is any information that is not produced by commercial publishers. This includes publications such as policy documents, working papers, reports produced by government departments and NGOs and research reports.

4 Critical appraisal is the process of carefully and systematically examining research to judge its trustworthiness, and its value and relevance in a particular context (CASP - Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (casp-uk.net)).

5 This is perhaps because labour exploitation and targeted interventions are difficult to measure due to the hidden nature of labour violations and trafficking, the challenges of isolating intervention effects, lack of baseline data and long term studies, and the lack of reports or data on exploitation (Zimmerman et al.., 2021).

6 The National Referral Mechanism (NRM) is a framework for identifying and referring potential victims of modern slavery and human trafficking in the UK. Referrals are made through certain organisations known as First Responders. Consent of potential victims for referral is not necessary for children but it is required for adults.

7 in partnership with four non-governmental organisations (NGOs): Focus on Labour Exploitation (FLEX), Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants (JCWI), Southeast and East Asian Centre (SEEAC) and Kanlungan Filipino Consortium (Kanlungan), with support from UNISON states.

8 In the context of labor markets, intermediaries are often recruitment agencies or agents who connect workers with employers.

9 Domestic workers perform tasks in private households, contributing to the care economy by providing services like cleaning, cooking, childcare, elderly care, gardening, and pet care. They may work full- or part-time, live in or out of the employer’s home, and may be local or migrant workers.

10 Development economics focuses on improving the economic and social conditions of low-income and developing countries. It covers factors like economic growth, poverty, and policies to promote sustainable development.