Pesticide Usage in Scotland: Outdoor Vegetable Crops 2017

This publication presents information from a survey of pesticide use on outdoor vegetable crops grown in Scotland during 2017.


Appendix 1 – Estimated application tables

Table 1 Percentage of each crop treated with pesticides and mean number of spray applications - 2017

Crop

Fungicides

Herbicides

Insecticides

Molluscicide

Sulphur

Physical control

Any pesticide

exc. STs

Seed treatments

Any pesticideinc. STs

%

spray apps

%

spray apps

%

spray apps

%

spray apps

%

spray apps

%

spray apps

%

spray apps

%

%

Vining peas

70

1.0

96

1.4

75

1.1

0

0.0

18

1.0

0

0.0

98

2.3

100

100

Broad beans

99

2.7

90

1.4

90

2.1

0

0.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

99

4.3

99

99

Cabbage

81

3.3

89

1.9

0

0.0

81

1.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

89

5.9

0

89

Calabrese

92

2.6

92

2.0

92

1.7

12

3.0

41

1.0

0

0.0

94

6.0

<0.5

94

Other brassicas

88

5.7

88

2.6

97

4.3

76

6.3

5

2.0

0

0.0

97

12.6

<0.5

97

Carrots

76

6.4

76

3.1

76

3.6

0

0.0

0

0.0

8

1.0

76

10.1

63

76

Turnips & swedes

85

1.7

99

2.0

83

2.0

36

1.3

0

0.0

0

0.0

99

4.1

96

99

Other vegetable crops

57

3.2

60

2.4

37

2.9

16

1.0

0

0.0

0

0.0

60

5.9

26

60

All vegetable crops

79

3.0

90

1.9

79

2.2

13

4.2

12

1.0

2

1.0

92

5.4

70

93

Note: STs = seed treatments

The average number of spray applications is calculated only on the areas receiving each pesticide group and therefore the minimum number of applications is always one (see appendix 3 – definitions and notes for details)

Table 2 Peas and beans seed treatment formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Seed treatment

Broad beans

Vining peas

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015

2015

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Cymoxanil/fludioxonil/metalaxyl-M

0

0

7,807

100

7,807

917

7,790

838

Thiram

1,767

99

0

0

1,767

250

1,469

217

All seed treatments

1,767

99

7,807

100

9,574

1,167

9,259

1,055

No seed treatment

12

1

0

0

12

N/A

7

N/A

Area grown

1,779

7,807

9,586

8,504

N/A = not applicable

Table 3 Peas and beans insecticide formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Insecticides

Broad beans

Vining peas

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (1)

2015 (1)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Deltamethrin

524

29

0

0

524

4

0

0

Lambda-cyhalothrin

2,171

61

767

10

2,938

22

2,937

18

Pirimicarb

623

35

5,516

71

6,139

801

8,765

1,052

All insecticides

3,318

90

6,284

75

9,601

827

12,464

1,082

Area grown

1,779

7,807

9,586

8,504

(1) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)

Table 4 Peas and beans fungicide and sulphur formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Fungicides

Broad beans

Vining peas

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015

2015

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Azoxystrobin

1,271

58

2,764

35

4,034

873

4,578

791

Boscalid/pyraclostrobin

1,601

90

2,687

34

4,288

1,173

4,602

1,228

Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl-M

1,252

70

0

0

1,252

1,204

2,176

1,930

Cyprodinil/fludioxonil

1,193

61

146

2

1,339

753

1,956

1,093

Tebuconazole

2,007

70

0

0

2,007

320

3,399

476

All fungicides

7,323

99

5,597

70

12,920

4,324

16,711

5,518

Sulphur

0

0

1,432

18

1,432

5,727

1,069

4,277

Area grown

1,779

7,807

9,586

8,504

Table 5 Peas and beans herbicide formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Herbicides

Broad beans

Vining peas

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015

2015

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Bentazone

292

16

1,300

17

1,593

1,111

2,389

1,650

Clomazone/linuron

0

0

859

11

859

507

729

430

Glyphosate

406

23

795

10

1,202

997

1,702

1,418

Imazamox/pendimethalin

1,601

90

6,114

78

7,715

7,187

7,768

7,069

MCPB

0

0

1,384

18

1,384

2,425

0

0

All herbicides

2,299

90

10,452

96

12,751

12,226

12,589

11,757

Area grown

1,779

7,807

9,586

8,504

Table 6 Leaf brassica seed treatment formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg), percentage of crop treated and percentage of crop grown from transplants

Seed treatments

Cabbages

Calabrese

Other brassicas (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015

2015

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Iprodione

0

0

1

<0.5

2

<0.5

3

<0.5

79

<0.5

Metalaxyl-M

0

0

1

<0.5

2

<0.5

3

<0.5

79

<0.5

Thiram

0

0

1

<0.5

2

<0.5

3

<0.5

79

<0.5

All seed treatments

0

0

2

<0.5

6

<0.5

8

<0.5

236

<0.5

No seed treatment

12

4

0

0

12

<1

23

N/A

13

N/A

Crop grown from transplant

301

96

1,995

>99

1,782

>99

4,078

N/A

2,934

N/A

Area grown

313

1,995

1,796

4,104

3,025

(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale

N/A = not applicable

Table 7 Leaf brassica insecticide and molluscicide formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Insecticides

Cabbages

Calabrese

Other brassicas (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (2)

2015 (2)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Deltamethrin

0

0

0

0

2,136

60

2,136

16

1,589

12

Indoxacarb

0

0

1,335

67

2,508

82

3,843

98

2,331

60

Lambda-cyhalothrin

0

0

2,467

90

3,850

82

6,317

34

5,518

33

Pymetrozine

0

0

0

0

1,982

52

1,982

396

692

138

Spinosad

0

0

36

2

0

0

36

3

0

0

Spirotetramat

0

0

0

0

2,084

64

2,084

156

1,265

95

Thiacloprid

0

0

461

12

1,278

61

1,739

167

1,087

104

All insecticides

0

0

4,299

92

13,839

97

18,137

871

14,560

840

Molluscicides

Ferric phosphate

0

0

0

0

4,837

58

4,837

738

1,936

332

Metaldehyde

254

81

691

12

3,817

76

4,762

765

3,403

501

All molluscicides

254

81

691

12

8,654

76

9,599

1,504

5,742

893

Area grown

313

1,995

1,796

4,104

3,025

(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale

(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)

Table 8 Leaf brassica fungicide and sulphur formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Fungicides

Cabbages

Calabrese

Other brassicas (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015

2015

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Azoxystrobin

508

81

1,809

91

776

28

3,093

742

1,559

390

Azoxystrobin/difenoconazole

0

0

0

0

927

52

927

301

714

232

Boscalid/pyraclostrobin

341

55

1,207

61

1,159

57

2,708

861

1,221

385

Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl-M

0

0

0

0

799

44

799

429

21

17

Copper oxychloride

0

0

2,279

61

698

30

2,976

1,466

5,258

1,980

Difenoconazole

0

0

0

0

927

52

927

70

464

35

Fluopicolide/propamocarb hydrochloride

0

0

230

12

59

3

290

318

376

414

Iprodione

0

0

0

0

1,588

44

1,588

715

822

389

Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M

171

55

0

0

0

0

171

174

0

0

Prothioconazole

0

0

0

0

2,757

58

2,757

529

1,356

260

Tebuconazole/trifloxystrobin

0

0

0

0

1,967

58

1,967

531

1,985

562

All fungicides

1,020

81

5,526

92

11,656

88

18,202

6,136

13,776

4,664

Sulphur

0

0

812

41

185

5

997

1,448

1,276

1,215

Area grown

313

1,995

1,796

4,104

3,025

(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale

Table 9 Leaf brassica herbicide formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Herbicides

Cabbages

Calabrese

Other brassicas (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (2)

2015 (2)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Clomazone

254

81

1

<0.5

1,044

58

1,300

93

1,035

62

Cycloxydim

0

0

0

0

799

44

799

160

0

0

Dimethenamid-P/pendimethalin

0

0

0

0

111

6

111

205

0

0

Glyphosate

254

81

1,822

80

365

20

2,441

2,828

2,497

2,446

Metazachlor

278

89

1,838

92

1,822

88

3,937

2,906

2,504

1,832

Pendimethalin

254

81

490

25

1,170

65

1,914

2,146

1,526

1,791

All herbicides

1,040

89

4,151

92

5,310

88

10,501

8,338

7,938

6,170

Area grown

313

1,995

1,796

4,104

3,025

(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale

(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)

Table 10 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) seed treatment formulations – 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg), percentage of crop treated and percentage of crop grown from transplants

Seed treatments

Carrots

Turnips &

swedes

Other vegetable crops (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (2)

2015 (2)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Cymoxanil/fludioxonil/metalaxyl-M

2,394

63

0

0

0

0

2,394

7

2,745

6

Tefluthrin

1,755

46

0

0

3

1

1,758

106

1,474

72

Thiamethoxam

0

0

361

25

0

0

361

10

724

66

Thiram

0

0

1,340

93

117

26

1,457

3

1,356

4

All seed treatments

4,149

63

1,701

96

120

26

5,970

126

6,878

148

Crops grown from transplant

0

0

0

0

195

43

195

N/A

141

N/A

No seed treatment

902

24

35

2

67

15

1,004

N/A

252

N/A

No information seed treatment (3)

489

13

20

1

0

0

509

N/A

0

N/A

Area grown

3,785

1,434

451

5,669

(1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash

(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)

(3) No information seed treatment refers to occasions where the grower was unable to confirm whether the seed had received a treatment

N/A = not applicable

Table 11 Vegetables (excluding legumes & leaf brassicas) insecticide, molluscicide and physical control formulations

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Insecticides/nematicides

Carrots

Turnips &

swedes

Other vegetable crops (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (2)

2015 (2)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Deltamethrin

696

18

1,261

62

262

35

2,219

9

3,498

24

Indoxacarb

0

0

0

0

55

12

55

1

0

0

Lambda-cyhalothrin

7,417

76

1,016

21

177

23

8,609

94

10,166

115

Oxamyl

862

23

0

0

0

0

862

1,600

1,001

1,764

Pirimicarb

409

11

36

3

0

0

446

65

2,148

344

Pymetrozine

0

0

300

21

0

0

300

45

295

44

Spirotetramat

0

0

264

18

0

0

264

12

0

0

Thiacloprid

965

22

264

18

0

0

1,228

118

240

23

All insecticides/nematicides

10,349

76

3,141

83

494

37

13,984

1,943

17,445

2,317

Molluscicides

Ferric phosphate

0

0

159

11

0

0

159

33

0

0

Metaldehyde

0

0

679

36

74

16

753

118

847

188

All molluscicides

0

0

838

36

74

16

912

150

847

188

Physical control

Garlic

314

8

0

0

0

0

314

2,117

0

0

Area grown

3,785

1,434

451

5,669

5,142

(1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash

(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)

Table 12 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) fungicide formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Fungicides

Carrots

Turnips &

swedes

Other vegetable crops (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (2)

2015 (2)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Azoxystrobin

0

0

1,547

85

162

25

1,709

427

3,851

874

Azoxystrobin/difenoconazole

469

12

0

0

137

15

606

197

2,083

608

Boscalid/pyraclostrobin

2,810

74

525

24

131

29

3,465

1,147

3,705

1,253

Cyprodinil/fludioxonil

2,024

53

0

0

47

11

2,072

1,025

2,271

1,134

Dimethomorph/mancozeb

0

0

0

0

137

15

137

203

233

346

Epoxiconazole/pyraclostrobin

0

0

0

0

83

19

83

5

0

0

Fenpropimorph

2,682

47

0

0

0

0

2,682

2,012

3,140

1,984

Fluopicolide/propamocarb hydrochloride

0

0

0

0

13

3

13

15

0

0

Isopyrazam

4,109

62

0

0

0

0

4,109

508

0

0

Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M

0

0

0

0

72

13

72

93

60

77

Mandipropamid

0

0

0

0

77

15

77

11

81

12

Metalaxyl-M

2,136

56

0

0

0

0

2,136

1,135

2,245

1,183

Prothioconazole

3,604

52

988

30

205

15

4,798

915

6,017

1,154

Tebuconazole/trifloxystrobin

897

20

0

0

0

0

897

202

1,149

265

All fungicides

18,731

76

3,060

85

1,064

57

22,856

7,896

28,215

10,248

Area grown

3,785

1,434

451

5,669

5,142

(1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash

(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)

Table 13 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) herbicide formulations - 2017

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Herbicides

Carrots

Turnips &

swedes

Other vegetable crops (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (2)

2015 (2)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Clethodim

540

14

0

0

0

0

540

95

0

0

Clomazone

2,713

72

1,403

98

0

0

4,116

252

4,039

290

Clopyralid

0

0

550

20

0

0

550

57

512

85

Cycloxydim

0

0

324

23

0

0

324

73

132

33

Dimethenamid-P/metazachlor

0

0

1,057

74

0

0

1,057

630

0

0

Dimethenamid-P/pendimethalin

0

0

0

0

68

15

68

59

125

82

Diquat

35

1

0

0

17

4

52

14

403

78

Ethofumesate

0

0

0

0

83

19

83

17

21

21

Fluazifop-P-butyl

59

2

0

0

0

0

59

15

0

0

Glyphosate

570

13

264

18

35

8

869

894

66

35

Linuron

5,966

63

0

0

135

15

6,101

1,577

8,771

2,404

Metamitron

0

0

0

0

167

19

167

161

330

692

Metazachlor

0

0

56

4

0

0

56

38

1,352

995

Metribuzin

3,101

42

0

0

0

0

3,101

471

2,623

423

Pendimethalin

3,609

76

0

0

116

26

3,725

4,965

3,718

5,113

Cont…

Table 13 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) herbicide formulations continued

Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated

Herbicides

Carrots

Turnips &

swedes

Other vegetable crops (1)

Total 2017

Total 2017

2015 (2)

2015 (2)

ha

%

ha

%

ha

%

ha

kg

ha

kg

Phenmedipham

0

0

0

0

83

19

83

13

0

0

Propaquizafop

1,221

32

0

0

0

0

1,221

171

1,134

169

Propyzamide

0

0

0

0

74

16

74

104

81

61

Prosulfocarb

422

11

0

0

67

7

489

752

2,511

4,367

S-metolachlor

0

0

300

21

66

12

366

416

378

508

All herbicides

18,237

76

3,954

99

914

60

23,105

10,775

28,745

15,586

Area grown

3,785

1,434

451

5,669

5,142

1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash

2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)

Table 14 Compounds encountered in the vegetable survey for the first time in 2017

Active substance

Type (1)

Area (ha)

Weight (kg)

Isopyrazam

F

4,109

508

Clethodim

H

540

95

Epoxiconazole

F

83

1

(1) Pesticide type = F: Fungicide and H: Herbicide

Table 15 Mode of action/chemical group of insecticide & nematicide active substances - 2017

Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops

Mode of Action

Active Substance

Chemical Group

IRAC Group

Total Vegetables

Total Vegetables

ha

kg

Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE) inhibitors

Oxamyl

Carbamate

1A

862

1,600

Pirimicarb

Carbamate

1A

6,585

866

All AChE inhibitors

7,447

2,465

Sodium channel modulators

Deltamethrin

Pyrethroid

3A

4,879

29

Lambda-cyhalothrin

Pyrethroid

3A

17,865

150

All sodium channel modulators

22,744

178

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR) competitive modulators

Thiacloprid

Neonicotinoid

4A

2,968

285

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR) allosteric modulators

Spinosad

Spinosyns

5

36

3

Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators

Pymetrozine

Pyridine azomethine derivative

9B

2,282

441

Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers

Indoxacarb

Oxadiazine

22A

3,898

99

Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Spirotetramat

Tetramic acid

23

2,347

168

All other modes of action

11,531

997

All insecticides

41,722

3,641

Area grown (1)

19,359

(1) includes multi-cropping

Note: Active substances have been grouped by their mode of action. Full details on mode of action classification can be found on the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee ( IRAC) webpage (7)

Table 16 Mode of action/chemical group of fungicide active substances - 2017

Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops

Mode of Action

Active Substance

Group Name

Chemical Group

FRAC Group

Total Vegetables

Total Vegetables

ha

kg

Amino acids & protein synthesis

Cyprodinil

Anilino-pyrimidine

Anilino-pyrimidine

9

3,411

1,067

All amino acids & protein synthesis

3,411

1,067

Cell wall biosynthesis

Dimethomorph

Carboxylic acid amide

Morpholine

40

137

21

Mandipropamid

Carboxylic acid amide

Mandelic acid amide

40

77

11

All cell wall biosynthesis

214

32

Cytoskeleton and motor proteins

Fluopicolide

Benzamide

pyridinylmethyl-benzamide

43

303

30

All cytoskeleton and motor proteins

303

30

Lipid synthesis and membrane integrity

Propamocarb hydrochloride

Carbamate

Carbamate

28

303

303

All lipid synthesis & membrane integrity

303

303

Multi-site contact activity

Copper oxychloride

Inorganic

Inorganic

M01

2,976

1,466

Mancozeb

Dithiocarbamate

Dithiocarbamate

M03

379

434

Chlorothalonil

Chloronitrile

Chloronitrile

M05

2,050

1,520

All multi-site contact activity

5,406

3,420

Nucleic acid synthesis

Metalaxyl-M

Phenylamide

Acylalanines

4

4,429

1,264

All nucleic acid synthesis

4,429

1,264

Cont…

Table 16 Mode of action/chemical group of fungicide active substances continued

Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops

Mode of Action

Active Substance

Group Name

Chemical Group

FRAC Group

Total Vegetables

Total Vegetables

ha

kg

Respiration

Boscalid

SDHI

pyridine-carboxamides

7

10,461

2,543

Isopyrazam

SDHI

pyrazole-4-carboxamides

7

4,109

508

Azoxystrobin

Qo inhibitor

Strobilurin

11

10,368

2,348

Pyraclostrobin

Qo inhibitor

Strobilurin

11

10,545

642

Trifloxystrobin

Qo inhibitor

Strobilurin

11

2,864

244

All respiration

38,347

6,285

Signal transduction

Iprodione

Dicarboximide

Dicarboximide

2

1,588

715

Fludioxonil

Phenylpyrroles

Phenylpyrroles

12

3,411

711

All signal transduction

4,999

1,426

Sterol biosynthesis in membranes

Difenoconazole

Demethylation inhibitor

Triazole

3

2,459

261

Epoxiconazole

Demethylation inhibitor

Triazole

3

83

1

Prothioconazole

Demethylation inhibitor

Triazolinthione

3

7,554

1,444

Tebuconazole

Demethylation inhibitor

Triazole

3

4,870

809

Fenpropimorph

Morpholine

Morpholine

5

2,682

2,012

All sterol biosynthesis in membranes

17,650

4,528

All fungicides

75,061

18,356

Multi-site contact activity

Sulphur

Inorganic

Inorganic

M02

2,429

7,174

Area grown (1)

19,359

(1) Includes multi-cropping. Note: Active substances have been grouped by their mode of action. Full details on mode of action classification can be found on the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee ( FRAC) webpage (8)

Table 17 Mode of action/chemical group of herbicide active substances - 2017

Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops

Mode of Action

Active substance

Chemical Group

HRAC Group

Total Vegetables

Total Vegetables

ha

kg

Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase

Clethodim

Cyclohexanedione

A

540

95

Cycloxydim

Cyclohexanedione

A

1,123

232

Fluazifop-P-butyl

Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate ' FOPs'

A

59

15

Propaquizafop

Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate ' FOPs'

A

1,221

171

All Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase

2,943

514

Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS

Imazamox

Imidazolinone

B

7,715

450

All inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS

7,715

450

Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II

Metamitron

Triazinone

C1

167

161

Metribuzin

Triazinone

C1

3,101

471

Phenmedipham

Phenyl-carbamate

C1

83

13

Linuron

Urea

C2

6,960

2,007

Bentazone

Benzothiadiazinone

C3

1,593

1,111

All inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II

11,904

3,763

Photosystem-I-electron diversion

Diquat

Bipyridylium

D

52

14

All photosystem-I-electron diversion

52

14

Bleaching: DOXP inhibitors

Clomazone

Isoxazolidinone

F4

6,275

423

All bleaching: DOXP inhibitors

6,275

423

Inhibition of EPSP synthase

Glyphosate

Glycine

G

4,511

4,719

All inhibition of EPSP synthase

4,511

4,719

Cont…

Table 17 Mode of action/chemical group of herbicide active substances continued

Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops

Mode of Action

Active substance

Chemical Group

HRAC Group

Total Vegetables

Total Vegetables

ha

kg

Microtubule assembly inhibition

Pendimethalin

Dinitroaniline

K1

13,533

13,991

Propyzamide

Benzamide

K1

74

104

All microtubule assembly inhibition

13,608

14,095

Inhibition of VLCFAs

Dimethenamid-P

Chloroacetamide

K3

1,236

436

Metazachlor

Chloroacetamide

K3

5,050

3,259

S-metolachlor

Chloroacetamide

K3

366

416

All Inhibition of VLCFAs

6,652

4,112

Inhibition of lipid synthesis

Ethofumesate

Benzofuran

N

83

17

Prosulfocarb

Thiocarbamate

N

489

752

All inhibition of lipid synthesis

573

768

Action like indole acetic acid

Clopyralid

Pyridine carboxylic acid

O

550

57

MCPB

Pyridine carboxylic acid

O

1,384

2,425

All action like indole acetic acid

1,934

2,483

All herbicides

56,166

31,340

Area grown (1)

19,359

(1) includes multi-cropping

Note: Active substances have been grouped by their mode of action. Full details on mode of action classification can be found on the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee ( HRAC) webpage (9)

Table 18 Principal active substances by area treated

Area treated (ha) of the 20 most used active substances on all vegetable crops surveyed

Active substance

Type (1)

2017

2015

% change

1

Lambda-cyhalothrin

I

17,865

18,622

-4

2

Metalaxyl-M

F/S

14,633

15,433

-5

3

Fludioxonil

F/S

13,612

14,762

-8

4

Pendimethalin

H

13,533

13,138

3

5

Pyraclostrobin

F

10,545

9,528

11

6

Boscalid

F

10,461

9,528

10

7

Azoxystrobin

F

10,368

12,786

-19

8

Cymoxanil

S

10,201

10,535

-3

9

Imazamox

H

7,715

7,768

-1

10

Prothioconazole

F

7,554

7,373

2

11

Linuron

H

6,960

9,500

-27

12

Pirimicarb

I

6,585

12,990

-49

13

Clomazone

H

6,275

5,804

8

14

Metaldehyde

M

5,516

4,250

30

15

Metazachlor

H

5,050

3,856

31

16

Ferric Phosphate

M

4,996

1,936

158

17

Deltamethrin

I

4,879

5,086

-4

18

Tebuconazole

F

4,870

8,694

-44

19

Glyphosate

H

4,511

4,265

6

20

Isopyrazam

F

4,109

0

Table 19 Principal active substances by weight

Weight (kg) of the 20 most used active substances on all vegetable crops surveyed

Active substance

Type (1)

2017

2015

% change

1

Pendimethalin

H

13,991

13,574

3

2

Sulphur

SU

7,174

6,335

13

3

Glyphosate

H

4,719

3,900

21

4

Metazachlor

H

3,259

2,826

15

5

Boscalid

F

2,543

2,291

11

6

MCPB

H

2,425

1,190

104

7

Azoxystrobin

F

2,348

2,571

-9

8

Garlic

P

2,117

0

9

Fenpropimorph

F

2,012

1,984

1

10

Linuron

H

2,007

2,769

-28

11

Metalaxyl-M

F/S

1,762

1,778

-1

12

Oxamyl

I/N

1,600

1,764

-9

13

Chlorothalonil

F

1,520

1,812

-16

14

Copper oxychloride

F

1,466

2,047

-28

15

Prothioconazole

F

1,444

1,414

2

16

Bentazone

H

1,111

1,661

-33

17

Cyprodinil

F

1,067

1,336

-20

18

Metaldehyde

M

883

689

28

19

Pirimicarb

I

866

1,793

-52

20

Fludioxonil

F/S

854

1,020

-16

(1) Pesticide type = F: Fungicide, H: Herbicide, I: Insecticide, M: Molluscicide, N: Nematicide S: Seed treatment, SU: Sulphur

Table 20 Total vegetable crop, comparison with previous years

Pesticide usage in 2013, 2015 and 2017, area treated with formulations and active substances (a.s.) and the weight (kg) applied

2013 2015 2017

Formulations

a.s.

Weight

Formulations

a.s.

Weight

Formulations

a.s.

Weight

ha

ha

kg

ha

ha

kg

ha

ha

kg

Insecticides

41,273

41,273

3,992

44,468

44,468

4,240

41,722

41,722

3,641

Molluscicides

7,589

7,589

1,313

6,589

6,589

1,081

10,512

10,512

1,654

Biological agents (1)

154

154

N/A

0

0

0

0

0

0

Biopesticides

0

0

0

82

82

2

0

0

0

Fungicides

42,753

58,228

13,796

58,702

81,890

20,429

53,977

75,061

18,356

Sulphur

1,495

1,495

5,341

2,556

2,556

6,335

2,429

2,429

7,174

Herbicides

41,424

48,880

26,379

50,079

58,701

33,513

46,357

56,166

31,340

Growth regulators

0

0

0

104

104

500

0

0

0

Physical control

312

312

1,048

0

0

0

314

314

2,117

Seed treatments (1)

14,622

33,141

1,153

16,373

37,444

1,203

15,552

36,464

1,293

All pesticides

149,623

191,073

53,022

178,953

231,834

67,303

170,863

222,668

65,575

Area grown

15,968 (2)

16,672 (3)

19,359 (4)

(1) No weights can be calculated for biological control agents and biological seed treatments

(2) Includes 66 hectares of multi-cropping

(3) No multi-cropping was encountered in 2015

(4) Includes 23 hectares of multi-cropping

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