Pesticide Usage in Scotland: Outdoor Vegetable Crops 2017
This publication presents information from a survey of pesticide use on outdoor vegetable crops grown in Scotland during 2017.
This document is part of a collection
Appendix 1 – Estimated application tables
Table 1 Percentage of each crop treated with pesticides and mean number of spray applications - 2017
| Crop |
Fungicides |
Herbicides |
Insecticides |
Molluscicide |
Sulphur |
Physical control |
Any pesticide exc. STs |
Seed treatments |
Any pesticideinc. STs |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % |
spray apps |
% |
spray apps |
% |
spray apps |
% |
spray apps |
% |
spray apps |
% |
spray apps |
% |
spray apps |
% |
% |
|
| Vining peas |
70 |
1.0 |
96 |
1.4 |
75 |
1.1 |
0 |
0.0 |
18 |
1.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
98 |
2.3 |
100 |
100 |
| Broad beans |
99 |
2.7 |
90 |
1.4 |
90 |
2.1 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
99 |
4.3 |
99 |
99 |
| Cabbage |
81 |
3.3 |
89 |
1.9 |
0 |
0.0 |
81 |
1.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
89 |
5.9 |
0 |
89 |
| Calabrese |
92 |
2.6 |
92 |
2.0 |
92 |
1.7 |
12 |
3.0 |
41 |
1.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
94 |
6.0 |
<0.5 |
94 |
| Other brassicas |
88 |
5.7 |
88 |
2.6 |
97 |
4.3 |
76 |
6.3 |
5 |
2.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
97 |
12.6 |
<0.5 |
97 |
| Carrots |
76 |
6.4 |
76 |
3.1 |
76 |
3.6 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
8 |
1.0 |
76 |
10.1 |
63 |
76 |
| Turnips & swedes |
85 |
1.7 |
99 |
2.0 |
83 |
2.0 |
36 |
1.3 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
99 |
4.1 |
96 |
99 |
| Other vegetable crops |
57 |
3.2 |
60 |
2.4 |
37 |
2.9 |
16 |
1.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
0 |
0.0 |
60 |
5.9 |
26 |
60 |
| All vegetable crops |
79 |
3.0 |
90 |
1.9 |
79 |
2.2 |
13 |
4.2 |
12 |
1.0 |
2 |
1.0 |
92 |
5.4 |
70 |
93 |
Note: STs = seed treatments
The average number of spray applications is calculated only on the areas receiving each pesticide group and therefore the minimum number of applications is always one (see appendix 3 – definitions and notes for details)
Table 2 Peas and beans seed treatment formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Seed treatment |
Broad beans |
Vining peas |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 |
2015 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Cymoxanil/fludioxonil/metalaxyl-M |
0 |
0 |
7,807 |
100 |
7,807 |
917 |
7,790 |
838 |
| Thiram |
1,767 |
99 |
0 |
0 |
1,767 |
250 |
1,469 |
217 |
| All seed treatments |
1,767 |
99 |
7,807 |
100 |
9,574 |
1,167 |
9,259 |
1,055 |
| No seed treatment |
12 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
N/A |
7 |
N/A |
| Area grown |
1,779 |
7,807 |
9,586 |
8,504 |
||||
N/A = not applicable
Table 3 Peas and beans insecticide formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Insecticides |
Broad beans |
Vining peas |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (1) |
2015 (1) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Deltamethrin |
524 |
29 |
0 |
0 |
524 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin |
2,171 |
61 |
767 |
10 |
2,938 |
22 |
2,937 |
18 |
| Pirimicarb |
623 |
35 |
5,516 |
71 |
6,139 |
801 |
8,765 |
1,052 |
| All insecticides |
3,318 |
90 |
6,284 |
75 |
9,601 |
827 |
12,464 |
1,082 |
| Area grown |
1,779 |
7,807 |
9,586 |
8,504 |
||||
(1) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)
Table 4 Peas and beans fungicide and sulphur formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Fungicides |
Broad beans |
Vining peas |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 |
2015 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Azoxystrobin |
1,271 |
58 |
2,764 |
35 |
4,034 |
873 |
4,578 |
791 |
| Boscalid/pyraclostrobin |
1,601 |
90 |
2,687 |
34 |
4,288 |
1,173 |
4,602 |
1,228 |
| Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl-M |
1,252 |
70 |
0 |
0 |
1,252 |
1,204 |
2,176 |
1,930 |
| Cyprodinil/fludioxonil |
1,193 |
61 |
146 |
2 |
1,339 |
753 |
1,956 |
1,093 |
| Tebuconazole |
2,007 |
70 |
0 |
0 |
2,007 |
320 |
3,399 |
476 |
| All fungicides |
7,323 |
99 |
5,597 |
70 |
12,920 |
4,324 |
16,711 |
5,518 |
| Sulphur |
0 |
0 |
1,432 |
18 |
1,432 |
5,727 |
1,069 |
4,277 |
| Area grown |
1,779 |
7,807 |
9,586 |
8,504 |
||||
Table 5 Peas and beans herbicide formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Herbicides |
Broad beans |
Vining peas |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 |
2015 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Bentazone |
292 |
16 |
1,300 |
17 |
1,593 |
1,111 |
2,389 |
1,650 |
| Clomazone/linuron |
0 |
0 |
859 |
11 |
859 |
507 |
729 |
430 |
| Glyphosate |
406 |
23 |
795 |
10 |
1,202 |
997 |
1,702 |
1,418 |
| Imazamox/pendimethalin |
1,601 |
90 |
6,114 |
78 |
7,715 |
7,187 |
7,768 |
7,069 |
| MCPB |
0 |
0 |
1,384 |
18 |
1,384 |
2,425 |
0 |
0 |
| All herbicides |
2,299 |
90 |
10,452 |
96 |
12,751 |
12,226 |
12,589 |
11,757 |
| Area grown |
1,779 |
7,807 |
9,586 |
8,504 |
||||
Table 6 Leaf brassica seed treatment formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg), percentage of crop treated and percentage of crop grown from transplants
| Seed treatments |
Cabbages |
Calabrese |
Other brassicas (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 |
2015 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Iprodione |
0 |
0 |
1 |
<0.5 |
2 |
<0.5 |
3 |
<0.5 |
79 |
<0.5 |
| Metalaxyl-M |
0 |
0 |
1 |
<0.5 |
2 |
<0.5 |
3 |
<0.5 |
79 |
<0.5 |
| Thiram |
0 |
0 |
1 |
<0.5 |
2 |
<0.5 |
3 |
<0.5 |
79 |
<0.5 |
| All seed treatments |
0 |
0 |
2 |
<0.5 |
6 |
<0.5 |
8 |
<0.5 |
236 |
<0.5 |
| No seed treatment |
12 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
<1 |
23 |
N/A |
13 |
N/A |
| Crop grown from transplant |
301 |
96 |
1,995 |
>99 |
1,782 |
>99 |
4,078 |
N/A |
2,934 |
N/A |
| Area grown |
313 |
1,995 |
1,796 |
4,104 |
3,025 |
|||||
(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale
N/A = not applicable
Table 7 Leaf brassica insecticide and molluscicide formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Insecticides |
Cabbages |
Calabrese |
Other brassicas (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (2) |
2015 (2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Deltamethrin |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,136 |
60 |
2,136 |
16 |
1,589 |
12 |
| Indoxacarb |
0 |
0 |
1,335 |
67 |
2,508 |
82 |
3,843 |
98 |
2,331 |
60 |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin |
0 |
0 |
2,467 |
90 |
3,850 |
82 |
6,317 |
34 |
5,518 |
33 |
| Pymetrozine |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,982 |
52 |
1,982 |
396 |
692 |
138 |
| Spinosad |
0 |
0 |
36 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
36 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
| Spirotetramat |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,084 |
64 |
2,084 |
156 |
1,265 |
95 |
| Thiacloprid |
0 |
0 |
461 |
12 |
1,278 |
61 |
1,739 |
167 |
1,087 |
104 |
| All insecticides |
0 |
0 |
4,299 |
92 |
13,839 |
97 |
18,137 |
871 |
14,560 |
840 |
| Molluscicides |
||||||||||
| Ferric phosphate |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,837 |
58 |
4,837 |
738 |
1,936 |
332 |
| Metaldehyde |
254 |
81 |
691 |
12 |
3,817 |
76 |
4,762 |
765 |
3,403 |
501 |
| All molluscicides |
254 |
81 |
691 |
12 |
8,654 |
76 |
9,599 |
1,504 |
5,742 |
893 |
| Area grown |
313 |
1,995 |
1,796 |
4,104 |
3,025 |
|||||
(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)
Table 8 Leaf brassica fungicide and sulphur formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Fungicides |
Cabbages |
Calabrese |
Other brassicas (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 |
2015 |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Azoxystrobin |
508 |
81 |
1,809 |
91 |
776 |
28 |
3,093 |
742 |
1,559 |
390 |
| Azoxystrobin/difenoconazole |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
927 |
52 |
927 |
301 |
714 |
232 |
| Boscalid/pyraclostrobin |
341 |
55 |
1,207 |
61 |
1,159 |
57 |
2,708 |
861 |
1,221 |
385 |
| Chlorothalonil/metalaxyl-M |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
799 |
44 |
799 |
429 |
21 |
17 |
| Copper oxychloride |
0 |
0 |
2,279 |
61 |
698 |
30 |
2,976 |
1,466 |
5,258 |
1,980 |
| Difenoconazole |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
927 |
52 |
927 |
70 |
464 |
35 |
| Fluopicolide/propamocarb hydrochloride |
0 |
0 |
230 |
12 |
59 |
3 |
290 |
318 |
376 |
414 |
| Iprodione |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,588 |
44 |
1,588 |
715 |
822 |
389 |
| Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M |
171 |
55 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
171 |
174 |
0 |
0 |
| Prothioconazole |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,757 |
58 |
2,757 |
529 |
1,356 |
260 |
| Tebuconazole/trifloxystrobin |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,967 |
58 |
1,967 |
531 |
1,985 |
562 |
| All fungicides |
1,020 |
81 |
5,526 |
92 |
11,656 |
88 |
18,202 |
6,136 |
13,776 |
4,664 |
| Sulphur |
0 |
0 |
812 |
41 |
185 |
5 |
997 |
1,448 |
1,276 |
1,215 |
| Area grown |
313 |
1,995 |
1,796 |
4,104 |
3,025 |
|||||
(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale
Table 9 Leaf brassica herbicide formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Herbicides |
Cabbages |
Calabrese |
Other brassicas (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (2) |
2015 (2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Clomazone |
254 |
81 |
1 |
<0.5 |
1,044 |
58 |
1,300 |
93 |
1,035 |
62 |
| Cycloxydim |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
799 |
44 |
799 |
160 |
0 |
0 |
| Dimethenamid-P/pendimethalin |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
111 |
6 |
111 |
205 |
0 |
0 |
| Glyphosate |
254 |
81 |
1,822 |
80 |
365 |
20 |
2,441 |
2,828 |
2,497 |
2,446 |
| Metazachlor |
278 |
89 |
1,838 |
92 |
1,822 |
88 |
3,937 |
2,906 |
2,504 |
1,832 |
| Pendimethalin |
254 |
81 |
490 |
25 |
1,170 |
65 |
1,914 |
2,146 |
1,526 |
1,791 |
| All herbicides |
1,040 |
89 |
4,151 |
92 |
5,310 |
88 |
10,501 |
8,338 |
7,938 |
6,170 |
| Area grown |
313 |
1,995 |
1,796 |
4,104 |
3,025 |
|||||
(1) Other brassicas include broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and kale
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)
Table 10 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) seed treatment formulations – 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg), percentage of crop treated and percentage of crop grown from transplants
| Seed treatments |
Carrots |
Turnips & swedes |
Other vegetable crops (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (2) |
2015 (2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Cymoxanil/fludioxonil/metalaxyl-M |
2,394 |
63 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,394 |
7 |
2,745 |
6 |
| Tefluthrin |
1,755 |
46 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
1,758 |
106 |
1,474 |
72 |
| Thiamethoxam |
0 |
0 |
361 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
361 |
10 |
724 |
66 |
| Thiram |
0 |
0 |
1,340 |
93 |
117 |
26 |
1,457 |
3 |
1,356 |
4 |
| All seed treatments |
4,149 |
63 |
1,701 |
96 |
120 |
26 |
5,970 |
126 |
6,878 |
148 |
| Crops grown from transplant |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
195 |
43 |
195 |
N/A |
141 |
N/A |
| No seed treatment |
902 |
24 |
35 |
2 |
67 |
15 |
1,004 |
N/A |
252 |
N/A |
| No information seed treatment (3) |
489 |
13 |
20 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
509 |
N/A |
0 |
N/A |
| Area grown |
3,785 |
1,434 |
451 |
5,669 |
||||||
(1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)
(3) No information seed treatment refers to occasions where the grower was unable to confirm whether the seed had received a treatment
N/A = not applicable
Table 11 Vegetables (excluding legumes & leaf brassicas) insecticide, molluscicide and physical control formulations
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Insecticides/nematicides |
Carrots |
Turnips & swedes |
Other vegetable crops (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (2) |
2015 (2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Deltamethrin |
696 |
18 |
1,261 |
62 |
262 |
35 |
2,219 |
9 |
3,498 |
24 |
| Indoxacarb |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
55 |
12 |
55 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin |
7,417 |
76 |
1,016 |
21 |
177 |
23 |
8,609 |
94 |
10,166 |
115 |
| Oxamyl |
862 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
862 |
1,600 |
1,001 |
1,764 |
| Pirimicarb |
409 |
11 |
36 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
446 |
65 |
2,148 |
344 |
| Pymetrozine |
0 |
0 |
300 |
21 |
0 |
0 |
300 |
45 |
295 |
44 |
| Spirotetramat |
0 |
0 |
264 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
264 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
| Thiacloprid |
965 |
22 |
264 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
1,228 |
118 |
240 |
23 |
| All insecticides/nematicides |
10,349 |
76 |
3,141 |
83 |
494 |
37 |
13,984 |
1,943 |
17,445 |
2,317 |
| Molluscicides |
||||||||||
| Ferric phosphate |
0 |
0 |
159 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
159 |
33 |
0 |
0 |
| Metaldehyde |
0 |
0 |
679 |
36 |
74 |
16 |
753 |
118 |
847 |
188 |
| All molluscicides |
0 |
0 |
838 |
36 |
74 |
16 |
912 |
150 |
847 |
188 |
| Physical control |
||||||||||
| Garlic |
314 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
314 |
2,117 |
0 |
0 |
| Area grown |
3,785 |
1,434 |
451 |
5,669 |
5,142 |
|||||
(1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)
Table 12 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) fungicide formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Fungicides |
Carrots |
Turnips & swedes |
Other vegetable crops (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (2) |
2015 (2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Azoxystrobin |
0 |
0 |
1,547 |
85 |
162 |
25 |
1,709 |
427 |
3,851 |
874 |
| Azoxystrobin/difenoconazole |
469 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
137 |
15 |
606 |
197 |
2,083 |
608 |
| Boscalid/pyraclostrobin |
2,810 |
74 |
525 |
24 |
131 |
29 |
3,465 |
1,147 |
3,705 |
1,253 |
| Cyprodinil/fludioxonil |
2,024 |
53 |
0 |
0 |
47 |
11 |
2,072 |
1,025 |
2,271 |
1,134 |
| Dimethomorph/mancozeb |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
137 |
15 |
137 |
203 |
233 |
346 |
| Epoxiconazole/pyraclostrobin |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
19 |
83 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
| Fenpropimorph |
2,682 |
47 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,682 |
2,012 |
3,140 |
1,984 |
| Fluopicolide/propamocarb hydrochloride |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
13 |
3 |
13 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
| Isopyrazam |
4,109 |
62 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4,109 |
508 |
0 |
0 |
| Mancozeb/metalaxyl-M |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
72 |
13 |
72 |
93 |
60 |
77 |
| Mandipropamid |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
77 |
15 |
77 |
11 |
81 |
12 |
| Metalaxyl-M |
2,136 |
56 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2,136 |
1,135 |
2,245 |
1,183 |
| Prothioconazole |
3,604 |
52 |
988 |
30 |
205 |
15 |
4,798 |
915 |
6,017 |
1,154 |
| Tebuconazole/trifloxystrobin |
897 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
897 |
202 |
1,149 |
265 |
| All fungicides |
18,731 |
76 |
3,060 |
85 |
1,064 |
57 |
22,856 |
7,896 |
28,215 |
10,248 |
| Area grown |
3,785 |
1,434 |
451 |
5,669 |
5,142 |
|||||
(1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash
(2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)
Table 13 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) herbicide formulations - 2017
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Herbicides |
Carrots |
Turnips & swedes |
Other vegetable crops (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (2) |
2015 (2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Clethodim |
540 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
540 |
95 |
0 |
0 |
| Clomazone |
2,713 |
72 |
1,403 |
98 |
0 |
0 |
4,116 |
252 |
4,039 |
290 |
| Clopyralid |
0 |
0 |
550 |
20 |
0 |
0 |
550 |
57 |
512 |
85 |
| Cycloxydim |
0 |
0 |
324 |
23 |
0 |
0 |
324 |
73 |
132 |
33 |
| Dimethenamid-P/metazachlor |
0 |
0 |
1,057 |
74 |
0 |
0 |
1,057 |
630 |
0 |
0 |
| Dimethenamid-P/pendimethalin |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
68 |
15 |
68 |
59 |
125 |
82 |
| Diquat |
35 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
17 |
4 |
52 |
14 |
403 |
78 |
| Ethofumesate |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
19 |
83 |
17 |
21 |
21 |
| Fluazifop-P-butyl |
59 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
59 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
| Glyphosate |
570 |
13 |
264 |
18 |
35 |
8 |
869 |
894 |
66 |
35 |
| Linuron |
5,966 |
63 |
0 |
0 |
135 |
15 |
6,101 |
1,577 |
8,771 |
2,404 |
| Metamitron |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
167 |
19 |
167 |
161 |
330 |
692 |
| Metazachlor |
0 |
0 |
56 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
56 |
38 |
1,352 |
995 |
| Metribuzin |
3,101 |
42 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3,101 |
471 |
2,623 |
423 |
| Pendimethalin |
3,609 |
76 |
0 |
0 |
116 |
26 |
3,725 |
4,965 |
3,718 |
5,113 |
Cont…
Table 13 Vegetables (excluding legumes and leaf brassicas) herbicide formulations continued
Area (ha), weight (kg) and percentage of crop treated
| Herbicides |
Carrots |
Turnips & swedes |
Other vegetable crops (1) |
Total 2017 |
Total 2017 |
2015 (2) |
2015 (2) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
% |
ha |
kg |
ha |
kg |
|
| Phenmedipham |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
83 |
19 |
83 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
| Propaquizafop |
1,221 |
32 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1,221 |
171 |
1,134 |
169 |
| Propyzamide |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
74 |
16 |
74 |
104 |
81 |
61 |
| Prosulfocarb |
422 |
11 |
0 |
0 |
67 |
7 |
489 |
752 |
2,511 |
4,367 |
| S-metolachlor |
0 |
0 |
300 |
21 |
66 |
12 |
366 |
416 |
378 |
508 |
| All herbicides |
18,237 |
76 |
3,954 |
99 |
914 |
60 |
23,105 |
10,775 |
28,745 |
15,586 |
| Area grown |
3,785 |
1,434 |
451 |
5,669 |
5,142 |
|||||
1) In 2017 other vegetable crops included beetroot, leeks, lettuce, parsnips, podded peas, pumpkin, rhubarb, sweetcorn and squash
2) For full list of formulations recorded in 2015 please refer to the 2015 report (3)
Table 14 Compounds encountered in the vegetable survey for the first time in 2017
| Active substance |
Type (1) |
Area (ha) |
Weight (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isopyrazam |
F |
4,109 |
508 |
| Clethodim |
H |
540 |
95 |
| Epoxiconazole |
F |
83 |
1 |
(1) Pesticide type = F: Fungicide and H: Herbicide
Table 15 Mode of action/chemical group of insecticide & nematicide active substances - 2017
Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops
| Mode of Action |
Active Substance |
Chemical Group |
IRAC Group |
Total Vegetables |
Total Vegetables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
kg |
||||
| Acetylcholinesterase ( AChE) inhibitors |
Oxamyl |
Carbamate |
1A |
862 |
1,600 |
| Pirimicarb |
Carbamate |
1A |
6,585 |
866 |
|
| All AChE inhibitors |
7,447 |
2,465 |
|||
| Sodium channel modulators |
Deltamethrin |
Pyrethroid |
3A |
4,879 |
29 |
| Lambda-cyhalothrin |
Pyrethroid |
3A |
17,865 |
150 |
|
| All sodium channel modulators |
22,744 |
178 |
|||
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR) competitive modulators |
Thiacloprid |
Neonicotinoid |
4A |
2,968 |
285 |
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ( nAChR) allosteric modulators |
Spinosad |
Spinosyns |
5 |
36 |
3 |
| Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators |
Pymetrozine |
Pyridine azomethine derivative |
9B |
2,282 |
441 |
| Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers |
Indoxacarb |
Oxadiazine |
22A |
3,898 |
99 |
| Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase |
Spirotetramat |
Tetramic acid |
23 |
2,347 |
168 |
| All other modes of action |
11,531 |
997 |
|||
| All insecticides |
41,722 |
3,641 |
|||
| Area grown (1) |
19,359 |
(1) includes multi-cropping
Note: Active substances have been grouped by their mode of action. Full details on mode of action classification can be found on the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee ( IRAC) webpage (7)
Table 16 Mode of action/chemical group of fungicide active substances - 2017
Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops
| Mode of Action |
Active Substance |
Group Name |
Chemical Group |
FRAC Group |
Total Vegetables |
Total Vegetables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
kg |
|||||
| Amino acids & protein synthesis |
Cyprodinil |
Anilino-pyrimidine |
Anilino-pyrimidine |
9 |
3,411 |
1,067 |
| All amino acids & protein synthesis |
3,411 |
1,067 |
||||
| Cell wall biosynthesis |
Dimethomorph |
Carboxylic acid amide |
Morpholine |
40 |
137 |
21 |
| Mandipropamid |
Carboxylic acid amide |
Mandelic acid amide |
40 |
77 |
11 |
|
| All cell wall biosynthesis |
214 |
32 |
||||
| Cytoskeleton and motor proteins |
Fluopicolide |
Benzamide |
pyridinylmethyl-benzamide |
43 |
303 |
30 |
| All cytoskeleton and motor proteins |
303 |
30 |
||||
| Lipid synthesis and membrane integrity |
Propamocarb hydrochloride |
Carbamate |
Carbamate |
28 |
303 |
303 |
| All lipid synthesis & membrane integrity |
303 |
303 |
||||
| Multi-site contact activity |
Copper oxychloride |
Inorganic |
Inorganic |
M01 |
2,976 |
1,466 |
| Mancozeb |
Dithiocarbamate |
Dithiocarbamate |
M03 |
379 |
434 |
|
| Chlorothalonil |
Chloronitrile |
Chloronitrile |
M05 |
2,050 |
1,520 |
|
| All multi-site contact activity |
5,406 |
3,420 |
||||
| Nucleic acid synthesis |
Metalaxyl-M |
Phenylamide |
Acylalanines |
4 |
4,429 |
1,264 |
| All nucleic acid synthesis |
4,429 |
1,264 |
Cont…
Table 16 Mode of action/chemical group of fungicide active substances continued
Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops
| Mode of Action |
Active Substance |
Group Name |
Chemical Group |
FRAC Group |
Total Vegetables |
Total Vegetables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
kg |
|||||
| Respiration |
Boscalid |
SDHI |
pyridine-carboxamides |
7 |
10,461 |
2,543 |
| Isopyrazam |
SDHI |
pyrazole-4-carboxamides |
7 |
4,109 |
508 |
|
| Azoxystrobin |
Qo inhibitor |
Strobilurin |
11 |
10,368 |
2,348 |
|
| Pyraclostrobin |
Qo inhibitor |
Strobilurin |
11 |
10,545 |
642 |
|
| Trifloxystrobin |
Qo inhibitor |
Strobilurin |
11 |
2,864 |
244 |
|
| All respiration |
38,347 |
6,285 |
||||
| Signal transduction |
Iprodione |
Dicarboximide |
Dicarboximide |
2 |
1,588 |
715 |
| Fludioxonil |
Phenylpyrroles |
Phenylpyrroles |
12 |
3,411 |
711 |
|
| All signal transduction |
4,999 |
1,426 |
||||
| Sterol biosynthesis in membranes |
Difenoconazole |
Demethylation inhibitor |
Triazole |
3 |
2,459 |
261 |
| Epoxiconazole |
Demethylation inhibitor |
Triazole |
3 |
83 |
1 |
|
| Prothioconazole |
Demethylation inhibitor |
Triazolinthione |
3 |
7,554 |
1,444 |
|
| Tebuconazole |
Demethylation inhibitor |
Triazole |
3 |
4,870 |
809 |
|
| Fenpropimorph |
Morpholine |
Morpholine |
5 |
2,682 |
2,012 |
|
| All sterol biosynthesis in membranes |
17,650 |
4,528 |
||||
| All fungicides |
75,061 |
18,356 |
||||
| Multi-site contact activity |
Sulphur |
Inorganic |
Inorganic |
M02 |
2,429 |
7,174 |
| Area grown (1) |
19,359 |
(1) Includes multi-cropping. Note: Active substances have been grouped by their mode of action. Full details on mode of action classification can be found on the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee ( FRAC) webpage (8)
Table 17 Mode of action/chemical group of herbicide active substances - 2017
Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops
| Mode of Action |
Active substance |
Chemical Group |
HRAC Group |
Total Vegetables |
Total Vegetables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
kg |
||||
| Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase |
Clethodim |
Cyclohexanedione |
A |
540 |
95 |
| Cycloxydim |
Cyclohexanedione |
A |
1,123 |
232 |
|
| Fluazifop-P-butyl |
Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate ' FOPs' |
A |
59 |
15 |
|
| Propaquizafop |
Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate ' FOPs' |
A |
1,221 |
171 |
|
| All Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase |
2,943 |
514 |
|||
| Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS |
Imazamox |
Imidazolinone |
B |
7,715 |
450 |
| All inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS |
7,715 |
450 |
|||
| Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II |
Metamitron |
Triazinone |
C1 |
167 |
161 |
| Metribuzin |
Triazinone |
C1 |
3,101 |
471 |
|
| Phenmedipham |
Phenyl-carbamate |
C1 |
83 |
13 |
|
| Linuron |
Urea |
C2 |
6,960 |
2,007 |
|
| Bentazone |
Benzothiadiazinone |
C3 |
1,593 |
1,111 |
|
| All inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem II |
11,904 |
3,763 |
|||
| Photosystem-I-electron diversion |
Diquat |
Bipyridylium |
D |
52 |
14 |
| All photosystem-I-electron diversion |
52 |
14 |
|||
| Bleaching: DOXP inhibitors |
Clomazone |
Isoxazolidinone |
F4 |
6,275 |
423 |
| All bleaching: DOXP inhibitors |
6,275 |
423 |
|||
| Inhibition of EPSP synthase |
Glyphosate |
Glycine |
G |
4,511 |
4,719 |
| All inhibition of EPSP synthase |
4,511 |
4,719 |
Cont…
Table 17 Mode of action/chemical group of herbicide active substances continued
Area (ha) and weight (kg) of active substances for all crops
| Mode of Action |
Active substance |
Chemical Group |
HRAC Group |
Total Vegetables |
Total Vegetables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
kg |
||||
| Microtubule assembly inhibition |
Pendimethalin |
Dinitroaniline |
K1 |
13,533 |
13,991 |
| Propyzamide |
Benzamide |
K1 |
74 |
104 |
|
| All microtubule assembly inhibition |
13,608 |
14,095 |
|||
| Inhibition of VLCFAs |
Dimethenamid-P |
Chloroacetamide |
K3 |
1,236 |
436 |
| Metazachlor |
Chloroacetamide |
K3 |
5,050 |
3,259 |
|
| S-metolachlor |
Chloroacetamide |
K3 |
366 |
416 |
|
| All Inhibition of VLCFAs |
6,652 |
4,112 |
|||
| Inhibition of lipid synthesis |
Ethofumesate |
Benzofuran |
N |
83 |
17 |
| Prosulfocarb |
Thiocarbamate |
N |
489 |
752 |
|
| All inhibition of lipid synthesis |
573 |
768 |
|||
| Action like indole acetic acid |
Clopyralid |
Pyridine carboxylic acid |
O |
550 |
57 |
| MCPB |
Pyridine carboxylic acid |
O |
1,384 |
2,425 |
|
| All action like indole acetic acid |
1,934 |
2,483 |
|||
| All herbicides |
56,166 |
31,340 |
|||
| Area grown (1) |
19,359 |
(1) includes multi-cropping
Note: Active substances have been grouped by their mode of action. Full details on mode of action classification can be found on the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee ( HRAC) webpage (9)
Table 18 Principal active substances by area treated
Area treated (ha) of the 20 most used active substances on all vegetable crops surveyed
| Active substance |
Type (1) |
2017 |
2015 |
% change |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Lambda-cyhalothrin |
I |
17,865 |
18,622 |
-4 |
| 2 |
Metalaxyl-M |
F/S |
14,633 |
15,433 |
-5 |
| 3 |
Fludioxonil |
F/S |
13,612 |
14,762 |
-8 |
| 4 |
Pendimethalin |
H |
13,533 |
13,138 |
3 |
| 5 |
Pyraclostrobin |
F |
10,545 |
9,528 |
11 |
| 6 |
Boscalid |
F |
10,461 |
9,528 |
10 |
| 7 |
Azoxystrobin |
F |
10,368 |
12,786 |
-19 |
| 8 |
Cymoxanil |
S |
10,201 |
10,535 |
-3 |
| 9 |
Imazamox |
H |
7,715 |
7,768 |
-1 |
| 10 |
Prothioconazole |
F |
7,554 |
7,373 |
2 |
| 11 |
Linuron |
H |
6,960 |
9,500 |
-27 |
| 12 |
Pirimicarb |
I |
6,585 |
12,990 |
-49 |
| 13 |
Clomazone |
H |
6,275 |
5,804 |
8 |
| 14 |
Metaldehyde |
M |
5,516 |
4,250 |
30 |
| 15 |
Metazachlor |
H |
5,050 |
3,856 |
31 |
| 16 |
Ferric Phosphate |
M |
4,996 |
1,936 |
158 |
| 17 |
Deltamethrin |
I |
4,879 |
5,086 |
-4 |
| 18 |
Tebuconazole |
F |
4,870 |
8,694 |
-44 |
| 19 |
Glyphosate |
H |
4,511 |
4,265 |
6 |
| 20 |
Isopyrazam |
F |
4,109 |
0 |
Table 19 Principal active substances by weight
Weight (kg) of the 20 most used active substances on all vegetable crops surveyed
| Active substance |
Type (1) |
2017 |
2015 |
% change |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
Pendimethalin |
H |
13,991 |
13,574 |
3 |
| 2 |
Sulphur |
SU |
7,174 |
6,335 |
13 |
| 3 |
Glyphosate |
H |
4,719 |
3,900 |
21 |
| 4 |
Metazachlor |
H |
3,259 |
2,826 |
15 |
| 5 |
Boscalid |
F |
2,543 |
2,291 |
11 |
| 6 |
MCPB |
H |
2,425 |
1,190 |
104 |
| 7 |
Azoxystrobin |
F |
2,348 |
2,571 |
-9 |
| 8 |
Garlic |
P |
2,117 |
0 |
|
| 9 |
Fenpropimorph |
F |
2,012 |
1,984 |
1 |
| 10 |
Linuron |
H |
2,007 |
2,769 |
-28 |
| 11 |
Metalaxyl-M |
F/S |
1,762 |
1,778 |
-1 |
| 12 |
Oxamyl |
I/N |
1,600 |
1,764 |
-9 |
| 13 |
Chlorothalonil |
F |
1,520 |
1,812 |
-16 |
| 14 |
Copper oxychloride |
F |
1,466 |
2,047 |
-28 |
| 15 |
Prothioconazole |
F |
1,444 |
1,414 |
2 |
| 16 |
Bentazone |
H |
1,111 |
1,661 |
-33 |
| 17 |
Cyprodinil |
F |
1,067 |
1,336 |
-20 |
| 18 |
Metaldehyde |
M |
883 |
689 |
28 |
| 19 |
Pirimicarb |
I |
866 |
1,793 |
-52 |
| 20 |
Fludioxonil |
F/S |
854 |
1,020 |
-16 |
(1) Pesticide type = F: Fungicide, H: Herbicide, I: Insecticide, M: Molluscicide, N: Nematicide S: Seed treatment, SU: Sulphur
Table 20 Total vegetable crop, comparison with previous years
Pesticide usage in 2013, 2015 and 2017, area treated with formulations and active substances (a.s.) and the weight (kg) applied
2013 2015 2017
| Formulations |
a.s. |
Weight |
Formulations |
a.s. |
Weight |
Formulations |
a.s. |
Weight |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ha |
ha |
kg |
ha |
ha |
kg |
ha |
ha |
kg |
|
| Insecticides |
41,273 |
41,273 |
3,992 |
44,468 |
44,468 |
4,240 |
41,722 |
41,722 |
3,641 |
| Molluscicides |
7,589 |
7,589 |
1,313 |
6,589 |
6,589 |
1,081 |
10,512 |
10,512 |
1,654 |
| Biological agents (1) |
154 |
154 |
N/A |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Biopesticides |
0 |
0 |
0 |
82 |
82 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Fungicides |
42,753 |
58,228 |
13,796 |
58,702 |
81,890 |
20,429 |
53,977 |
75,061 |
18,356 |
| Sulphur |
1,495 |
1,495 |
5,341 |
2,556 |
2,556 |
6,335 |
2,429 |
2,429 |
7,174 |
| Herbicides |
41,424 |
48,880 |
26,379 |
50,079 |
58,701 |
33,513 |
46,357 |
56,166 |
31,340 |
| Growth regulators |
0 |
0 |
0 |
104 |
104 |
500 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| Physical control |
312 |
312 |
1,048 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
314 |
314 |
2,117 |
| Seed treatments (1) |
14,622 |
33,141 |
1,153 |
16,373 |
37,444 |
1,203 |
15,552 |
36,464 |
1,293 |
| All pesticides |
149,623 |
191,073 |
53,022 |
178,953 |
231,834 |
67,303 |
170,863 |
222,668 |
65,575 |
| Area grown |
15,968 (2) |
16,672 (3) |
19,359 (4) |
(1) No weights can be calculated for biological control agents and biological seed treatments
(2) Includes 66 hectares of multi-cropping
(3) No multi-cropping was encountered in 2015
(4) Includes 23 hectares of multi-cropping
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