Long-term Monitoring of Health Inequalities: Headline Indicators - October 2013

Cancer incidence by type

Incidence rates by income employment index decile are also available for cancer of the prostate (males only), cancer of the breast (females only), cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung, and colorectal cancer.

Prostate cancer incidence rate (males only) aged under 75 years

Prostate cancer incidence has increased steadily over time, with 68 new cases per 100,000 population in 2011 compared to 47 per 100,000 in 1996. Higher rates are observed in the least deprived areas, though this may be in part due to higher rates of testing in more affluent areas^[6]. In 2011, the incidence rate was 89 per 100,000 in the least deprived areas, compared to 62 in the most deprived areas. Relative inequality has remained low and stable throughout the period 1996 to 2011.

Prostate cancer incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1996	1,214	2,334,645	47.4
1997	1,035	2,326,799	40.0
1998	1,113	2,321,135	42.8
1999	1,168	2,316,272	45.2
2000	1,176	2,309,161	45.1
2001	1,306	2,307,518	49.9
2002	1,508	2,302,861	57.2
2003	1,555	2,303,500	57.8
2004	1,735	2,312,162	64.2
2005	1,628	2,318,998	59.6
2006	1,719	2,328,834	62.3
2007	1,776	2,341,374	63.4
2008	1,901	2,352,729	66.5
2009	2,025	2,364,326	69.7
2010	1,912	2,375,256	65.2
2011	2,013	2,388,856	67.7

Inequalities

	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
RII	0.49	0.38	0.32	0.35	0.58	0.49	0.49	0.49	0.25	0.32	0.41	0.46	0.37	0.41	0.27	0.35
Most deprived decile rate	39.4	29.1	38.8	42.4	36.4	38.6	49.5	44.4	57.4	58.4	56.3	51.0	59.3	56.4	57.8	62.1
Least deprived decile rate	55.8	48.0	49.4	59.7	59.1	64.4	73.5	77.7	71.2	82.5	80.7	77.1	82.7	90.3	81.8	89.1
Absolute range	16.4	18.9	10.6	17.3	22.7	25.8	24.1	33.3	13.9	24.1	24.4	26.1	23.4	34.0	24.0	27.0

The RII value has been italicised to indicate years in which higher incidence rates were observed in less deprived areas.

Breast cancer incidence rate (females only) aged under 75 years

Breast cancer incidence has increased throughout the period 1996 to 2011 (99 new cases per 100,000 population in 1996, compared to 119 per 100,000 in 2011). Incidence is more common in the least deprived areas, which ties in with evidence regarding the higher prevalence of certain breast cancer risk factors, such as lower parity, in more affluent populations^[7]. However, the difference between rates in the most deprived and least deprived areas has consistently been low, narrowing to 10 new cases per 100,000 in 2011. Despite consistently low levels, there has been fluctuation in both relative and absolute inequalities with no clear pattern.

Breast cancer incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1996	2,560	2,420,261	99.3
1997	2,654	2,413,470	102.7
1998	2,749	2,408,840	104.6
1999	2,848	2,405,026	108.4
2000	2,899	2,399,506	109.9
2001	2,736	2,396,143	102.3
2002	2,828	2,387,647	105.4
2003	2,976	2,387,103	108.8
2004	3,071	2,394,760	110.8
2005	3,089	2,399,405	109.8
2006	3,189	2,405,842	112.3
2007	3,189	2,414,589	111.8
2008	3,306	2,422,592	114.0
2009	3,386	2,431,153	116.2
2010	3,496	2,441,209	118.4
2011	3,558	2,452,870	119.0

Inequalities

	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
RII	0.29	0.06	0.23	0.22	0.17	0.12	0.17	0.23	0.02	0.26	0.01	0.16	0.15	0.25	0.15	0.08
Most deprived decile rate	80.7	101.3	104.9	102.7	97.6	98.4	100.4	89.1	111.6	91.1	100.3	106.2	98.5	105.1	122.9	109.5
Least deprived decile rate	108.7	107.9	124.6	124.7	109.1	111.4	109.2	115.9	116.8	119.8	111.1	136.0	113.6	124.6	131.4	119.2
Absolute range	28.1	6.6	19.7	22.0	11.5	13.0	8.8	26.8	5.1	28.7	10.7	29.8	15.1	19.6	8.5	9.7

The RII value has been italicised to indicate years in which higher incidence rates were observed in less deprived areas.

Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung incidence rate aged under 75 years

Having fallen between 1996 and 2001, cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung incidence rates have been stable (the 2011 rate, 47 new cases per 100,000 population, is the lowest recorded throughout this period). Levels of both absolute and relative inequality have also remained stable, with higher incidence rates observed in the most deprived areas. In 2011, the incidence rate in the most deprived areas was more than four times higher than in the least deprived areas (93 new cases per 100,000 population, compared to 21 per 100,000).

Cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1996	3,295	4,754,906	60.7
1997	3,063	4,740,269	56.1
1998	3,090	4,729,975	56.3
1999	2,869	4,721,298	52.0
2000	2,877	4,708,667	52.1
2001	2,797	4,703,661	50.4
2002	2,920	4,690,508	51.9
2003	2,810	4,690,603	49.4
2004	2,890	4,706,922	50.6
2005	2,850	4,718,403	49.3
2006	2,890	4,734,676	49.7
2007	2,935	4,755,963	49.9
2008	2,935	4,775,321	49.1
2009	3,020	4,795,479	49.7
2010	2,947	4,816,465	48.0
2011	2,938	4,841,726	47.2

Inequalities

	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
RII	1.39	1.30	1.36	1.41	1.31	1.29	1.42	1.59	1.44	1.53	1.57	1.56	1.63	1.57	1.64	1.52
Most deprived decile rate	112.7	99.7	99.9	95.5	91.4	91.4	96.7	96.7	99.9	89.5	105.6	101.2	100.4	102.1	99.4	93.3
Least deprived decile rate	27.3	25.2	23.6	22.1	25.8	21.6	24.2	18.3	24.4	21.8	25.2	22.2	22.2	23.0	22.6	20.8
Absolute range	85.4	74.5	76.3	73.4	65.6	69.8	72.6	78.4	75.5	67.7	80.4	79.0	78.2	79.1	76.8	72.5

Colorectal cancer incidence rate aged under 75 years

Incidence of colorectal cancer, at between 35 to 40 new cases per 100,000 population since 1996, has been stable over time. However, despite consistently low levels of both relative and absolute inequality, there has been variation in which areas are seeing the highest rates. In 2011, there was more incidence in the most deprived areas (48 new cases per 100,000 population, compared to 32 per 100,000 in the least deprived areas). In some years (e.g. 2005), slightly higher incidence has been observed in the least deprived areas, while in others (e.g. 1998) the difference between rates in the most and least deprived areas has been negligible.

Colorectal cancer incidence trend tables

Scale/context

	Number of new cases	Target population size	Rate per 100,000 (EASR)
1996	2,154	4,754,906	40.0
1997	1,968	4,740,269	36.6
1998	2,026	4,729,975	37.5
1999	1,996	4,721,298	36.7
2000	2,127	4,708,667	38.8
2001	2,125	4,703,661	38.8
2002	2,027	4,690,508	36.7
2003	2,003	4,690,603	35.8
2004	2,006	4,706,922	35.5
2005	1,994	4,718,403	34.8
2006	2,043	4,734,676	35.5
2007	2,096	4,755,963	36.1
2008	2,333	4,775,321	39.5
2009	2,349	4,795,479	39.3
2010	2,398	4,816,465	39.6
2011	2,448	4,841,726	40.2

Inequalities

	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
RII	0.11	0.12	0.01	0.02	0.11	0.08	0.01	0.01	0.22	0.08	0.12	0.31	0.06	0.19	0.13	0.38
Most deprived decile rate	45.6	37.3	34.6	36.1	36.7	42.1	37.8	32.7	41.2	33.0	38.4	41.4	40.1	41.5	40.7	47.7
Least deprived decile rate	35.6	34.4	34.0	38.1	37.0	45.4	35.2	33.1	33.0	38.6	34.6	28.4	39.6	35.5	35.7	31.9
Absolute range	10.0	2.9	0.6	2.1	0.3	3.3	2.6	0.3	8.1	5.6	3.9	12.9	0.5	6.0	5.1	15.8

The RII value has been italicised to indicate years in which higher incidence rates were observed in less deprived areas.