Journey times in the Scottish Criminal Justice System: analysis of equality factors of accused disposed in court
This paper investigates how the median journey times (from offence to verdict) for accused persons prosecuted in Scottish courts vary by their sex, age, ethnicity and socio-economic status (as measured by the Social Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD))
Table 1: Differences in median offence to verdict times by sex. When the difference is statistically significant the significance column will show asterisks, otherwise it will be noted as ns (non-significant). N refers to the number of case-accused in that group. Case-accused of unknown sex have been excluded from percentage calculations.
|
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
p value |
Sig |
|
Female |
Male |
112,062 (19%) |
491,601 (81%) |
2.96e-117 |
**** |
Table 2: Differences in median offence to verdict times by age bands. When the difference is statistically significant the significance column will show asterisks, otherwise it will be noted as ns (non-significant). p values shown are p adjusted values. N refers to the number of case-accused in that group. Case-accused with unknown age have been excluded from percentage calculations.
|
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
p value |
Sig |
|
Under 25 |
25 to 60 |
116,826 (19%) |
465,122 (77%) |
1.7e-36 |
**** |
|
Under 25 |
Over 60 |
116,826 (19%) |
24,532 (4%) |
2.33e-06 |
**** |
|
25 to 60 |
Over 60 |
465,122 (77%) |
24,532 (4%) |
5.7e-31 |
**** |
Table 3: Differences in median journey times between ethnic groups. When the difference is statistically significant the significance column will show asterisks, otherwise it will be noted as ns (non-significant). p values shown are p adjusted values. N refers to the number of case-accused in that group. Case-accused where ethnicity is not known have been excluded from percentage calculations.
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 1 N (%) |
Group 2 N (%) |
p value | Sig |
| African | Asian | 3,456 (1%) | 12,758 (2%) | 5.73e-13 | **** |
| African | Caribbean or Black | 3,456 (1%) | 4,178 (1%) | 1 | ns |
| African | Mixed or multiple ethnic group | 3,456 (1%) | 2,434 (0.5%) | 1 | ns |
| African | Other ethnic group | 3,456 (1%) | 5,666 (1%) | 0.109 | ns |
| African | Other White British | 3,456 (1%) | 54,405 (10%) | 6.49e-25 | **** |
| African | Other White | 3,456 (1%) | 53,670 (10%) | 1.28e-23 | **** |
| African | White Scottish | 3,456 (1%) | 382,724 (74%) | 2.06e-12 | **** |
| Asian | Caribbean or Black | 12,758 (2%) | 4,178 (1%) | 3.56e-12 | **** |
| Asian | Mixed or multiple ethnic group | 12,758 (2%) | 2,434 (0.5%) | 3.4e-10 | **** |
| Asian | Other ethnic group | 12,758 (2%) | 5,666 (1%) | 7.76e-08 | **** |
| Asian | Other White British | 12,758 (2%) | 54,405 (10%) | 3.3e-245 | **** |
| Asian | Other White | 12,758 (2%) | 53,670 (10%) | 1.14e-238 | **** |
| Asian | White Scottish | 12,758 (2%) | 382,724 (74%) | 2.96e-195 | **** |
| Caribbean or Black | Mixed or multiple ethnic group | 4,178 (1%) | 2,434 (0.5%) | 1 | ns |
| Caribbean or Black | Other ethnic group | 4,178 (1%) | 5,666 (1%) | 0.28 | ns |
| Caribbean or Black | Other White British | 4,178 (1%) | 54,405 (10%) | 7.1e-31 | **** |
| Caribbean or Black | Other White | 4,178 (1%) | 53,670 (10%) | 1.51e-29 | **** |
| Caribbean or Black | White Scottish | 4,178 (1%) | 382,724 (74%) | 2.21e-16 | **** |
| Mixed or multiple ethnic group | Other ethnic group | 2,434 (0.5%) | 5,666 (1%) | 0.173 | ns |
| Mixed or multiple ethnic group | Other White British | 2,434 (0.5%) | 54,405 (10%) | 1.87e-17 | **** |
| Mixed or multiple ethnic group | Other White | 2,434 (0.5%) | 53,670 (10%) | 1.02e-16 | **** |
| Mixed or multiple ethnic group | White Scottish | 2,434 (0.5%) | 382,724 (74%) | 1.36e-08 | **** |
| Other ethnic group | Other White British | 5,666 (1%) | 54,405 (10%) | 2.55e-63 | **** |
| Other ethnic group | Other White | 5,666 (1%) | 53,670 (10%) | 3.29e-61 | **** |
| Other ethnic group | White Scottish | 5,666 (1%) | 382,724 (74%) | 1.81e-38 | **** |
| Other White British | Other White | 54,405 (10%) | 53,670 (10%) | 1 | ns |
| Other White British | White Scottish | 54,405 (10%) | 382,724 (74%) | 2.57e-35 | **** |
| Other White | White Scottish | 53,670 (10%) | 382,724 (74%) | 4.32e-30 | **** |
Table 4: Differences in median offence to verdict times based on the deprivation index of the accused postcode. When the difference is statistically significant the column significance will show asterisks, otherwise it will be noted as ns (non-significant). p values shown are p adjusted values. N refers to the number of case-accused in that group. Case-accused without SIMD information have been excluded from percentage calculations.
|
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
Group 1 |
Group 2 |
p value |
Sig |
|
Most deprived 20% SIMD areas |
Other SIMD areas (between 20% and 80%) |
182,931 (39%) |
249,984 (54%) |
0.08 |
ns |
|
Most deprived 20% SIMD areas |
Least deprived 20% SIMD areas |
182,931 (39%) |
32,424 (7%) |
1.66e-05 |
**** |
|
Other SIMD areas (between 20% and 80%) |
Least deprived 20% SIMD areas |
249,984 (54%) |
32,424 (7%) |
3.93e-08 |
**** |
Contact
Email: justice_analysts@gov.scot