Scottish Fish Farm Production Survey 2014

1. Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Production survey information was collected from all 24 companies actively involved in rainbow trout production, farming 46 active sites. This figure represents the entire industry operating in Scotland.

Production

Table 1a: Total production (tonnes) of rainbow trout during 2000-2014 and projected production in 2015

Year	Tonnes	Year	Tonnes
2000	5,154	2008	7,670
2001	5,466	2009	6,766
2002	6,659	2010	5,139
2003	7,085	2011	4,619
2004	6,352	2012	5,670
2005	6,989	2013	5,611
2006	7,492	2014	5,882
2007	7,414	2015	7,452*

* Industry estimate based on stocks currently being on-grown.

Production increased in 2014 by 271 tonnes, an increase of 4.8%, to 5,882 tonnes.

Table 1b: Production (tonnes) for the table trade during 2004-2014 according to weight category

Year	<450 g <1 lb	450-900 g 1-2 lbs	>900 g >2 lbs	Total Tonnes
2004	1,553	1,946	1,917	5,416
2005	2,856	1,203	2,111	6,170
2006	2,182	1,810	2,636	6,628
2007	2,499	1,663	2,407	6,569
2008	2,375	1,950	2,487	6,812
2009	2,232	1,143	2,620	5,995
2010	2,125	727	1,606	4,458
2011	1,421	1,004	1,433	3,858
2012	1,195	1,655	2,209	5,059
2013	1,908	825	2,268	5,001
2014	2,334	290	2,704	5,328

Production for the table in 2014 was 5,328 tonnes, an increase of 327 tonnes (6.5%) on the 2013 total, and accounted for 90.6% of the total rainbow trout production, a small increase on the proportion to that produced in 2013. Increases in the number of fish in the small and large size ranges and a decrease in the number of fish in the medium size range were highlighted.

Table 1c: Production (tonnes) for the restocking trade during 2004-2014 according to weight category

Year	<450 g <1 lb	450-900 g 1-2 lbs	>900 g >2 lbs	Total Tonnes
2004	64	509	363	936
2005	21	390	408	819
2006	36	357	471	864
2007	24	413	408	845
2008	27	351	480	858
2009	32	294	444	770
2010	19	201	461	681
2011	8	419	334	761
2012	22	266	323	611
2013	24	221	365	610
2014	28	256	270	554

In 2014, production for the restocking of angling waters decreased to 554 tonnes representing a decrease of 56 tonnes (9.2%) on the 2013 total. This accounted for 9.4% of total rainbow trout production in 2014. These figures represent the tonnage of fish supplied to angling waters for restocking purposes; they do not account for the catch taken by anglers. The production of large sized fish showed a decrease, while this increased for small and medium sized fish.

Production by Site

Table 2: Numbers of sites grouped by tonnage produced during 2004-2014

Year	Number of sites per production tonnage				Total number of sites
	<1-25	26-100	101-200	>200
2004	14	14	5	10	43
2005	18	12	6	11	47
2006	16	15	6	13	50
2007	14	15	3	16	48
2008	8	15	7	14	44
2009	10	11	7	11	39
2010	7	13	9	7	36
2011	9	10	6	8	33
2012	10	10	6	8	34
2013	6	11	5	8	30
2014	6	11	5	9	31

Production was reported from 31 of the 46 active sites. The number of producers in the size brackets <1-25 tonnes, 26-100 tonnes and 101-200 tonnes remained the same as in 2014, while those producers in the >200 tonnes size bracket increased by one. These figures do not include those sites specialising in the production of ova or young fish for on-growing.

Production by Method

Table 3: Grouping of rainbow trout sites by production tonnages, main methods of production in 2014 and comparison with production in 2013

Production method	Production grouping (tonnes) in 2014					Total tonnage and (%) by method		Number of sites
	<10	10-25	26-50	51-100	>100	2013	2014	2013	2014
FW cages	0	0	0	0	5	2,424 (43.2%)	2,611 (44.4%)	6	5
FW ponds and raceways	1	2	7	3	4	1,213 (21.6%)	1,291 (21.9%)	15	17
FW tanks and hatcheries	3	0	0	1	0	10 (<1%)	71 (1.2%)	3	4
SW cages	0	0	0	0	5	1,964 (35.0%)	1,909 (32.5%)	6	5
SW tanks	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total	4	2	7	4	14	5,611	5,882	30	31

Freshwater production accounted for 3,973 tonnes (67.5%) and seawater production for the remaining 1,909 tonnes (32.5%). Production from freshwater cages, ponds and raceways and tanks and hatcheries increased whilst there was a small decrease in production from seawater cages.

Company and Site Data

Table 4: Number of companies and sites in production during 2001-2014

Year	No. of companies	No. of sites
2001	50	57
2002	39	57
2003	37	56
2004	38	62
2005	42	70
2006	36	66
2007	38	70
2008	31	66
2009	27	56
2010	25	51
2011	23	48
2012	25	48
2013	24	46
2014	24	46

In 2014 the number of companies authorised by the Scottish Government and actively engaged in rainbow trout production was 24. The number of sites registered and in production was 46.

Staffing and Productivity

Table 5: Number of staff employed and productivity per person during 2001-2014

Year	Full-time	Part-time	Total	Productivity (tonnes/person)
2001	118	41	159	34.4
2002	114	46	160	41.6
2003	107	41	148	47.9
2004	115	37	152	41.8
2005	108	35	143	48.9
2006	112	35	147	51.0
2007	111	32	143	51.8
2008	107	34	141	54.4
2009	111	27	138	49.0
2010	98	31	129	39.8
2011	95	23	118	39.1
2012	79	28	107	53.0
2013	89	21	110	51.0
2014	93	20	113	52.1

The overall number of staff employed in 2014 increased by three to 113. The number of full-time staff increased by four while the number of part-time staff decreased by one. Productivity, measured as tonnes produced per person, increased by 2.2% in 2014 with no distinction between full and part-time employees being made for this calculation.

Production by Area

Table 6: Production and staffing by area in 2014

Area	No. of sites	Table production (tonnes)	Restocking production (tonnes)	Mean tonnes per site	Staffing			Productivity (tonnes/person)
					F/T	P/T	Total
North	6	5	40	7.5	9	2	11	4.1
East	13	1,070	215	98.8	30	7	37	34.7
West	13	3,692	33	286.5	19	7	26	143.3
South	14	561	266	59.1	35	4	39	21.2
All	46	5,328	554	127.9	93	20	113	52.1

Productivity was greatest in the West at 286.5 tonnes per site and 143.3 tonnes per person.

Figure 1: The distribution of active rainbow trout sites in 2014

Type of Ova Laid Down

Table 7: Number (000's) and proportions (%) of eyed ova types laid down to hatch during 2003-2014

Year	All female diploid no. (%)	Triploid no. (%)	Mixed sex diploid no. (%)	Total ova
2003	24,692 (94)	1,586 (6)	60 (<1)	26,338
2004	29,272 (90)	3,146 (10)	138 (<1)	32,556
2005	16,773 (83)	1,729 (8)	1,745 (9)	20,247
2006	22,378 (84)	2,804 (10)	1,626 (6)	26,808
2007	23,630 (83)	2,531 (9)	2,140 (8)	28,301
2008	22,978 (88)	2,526 (9)	725 (3)	26,229
2009	15,469 (87)	2,341 (13)	35 (<1)	17,845
2010	13,352 (89)	1,052 (7)	675 (4)	15,079
2011	12,673 (84)	2,254 (15)	215 (1)	15,142
2012	10,967 (85)	2,005 (15)	7 (<1)	12,979
2013	7,857 (80)	1,955 (20)	77 (<1)	9,889
2014	8,321(75)	2,710 (25)	9(<1)	11,040

Source of Ova Laid Down

Table 8: Number (000's) and sources of eyed ova laid down to hatch in 2003-2014

Year	Ova produced in Great Britain ( GB)			Imported ova			Total
	Own stock	Other stock	Total	Northern hemisphere	Southern hemisphere	Total
2003	430	280	710	25,578	50	25,628	26,338
2004	330	320	650	31,906	0	31,906	32,556
2005	281	105	386	16,977	2,884	19,861	20,247
2006	541	2,169	2,710	22,588	1,510	24,098	26,808
2007	936	230	1,166	26,650	485	27,135	28,301
2008	582	487	1,069	25,160	0	25,160	26,229
2009	603	220	823	17,022	0	17,022	17,845
2010	415	50	465	14,614	0	14,614	15,079
2011	215	189	404	14,738	0	14,738	15,142
2012	14	230	244	12,735	0	12,735	12,979
2013	77	537	614	9,275	0	9,275	9,889
2014	9	655	664	10,376	0	10,376	11,040

In 2014, the total number of eyed ova laid down to hatch increased by over 1.1 million (11.6%) on the 2013 figure. The proportion of ova from GB broodstock decreased to 6.0% of the total and the rainbow trout industry remained reliant on imported ova. Data on the importation of ova into Scotland are also available from the health certificates and are shown in Table 9a. Any discrepancy between the figures in Tables 8 and 9a is due to data being obtained from two independent sources.

Imports from Official Import Health Certificates

Table 9a: Number (000's) and sources of ova imported into Scotland from outwith GB during 2007-2014

Source	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
Denmark	13,070	5,530	4,070	1,715	5,250	1,950	1,315	2,500
Isle of Man	3,767	775	290	1,400	520	300	800	1,000
N. Ireland	7,721	16,130	10,090	9,247	7,320	8,332	5,125	4,780
Norway	1,200	1,500	750	200	130	300	175	710
South Africa	485	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
USA	890	1,490	2,240	2,340	1,580	1,800	2,350	1,700
Totals	27,133	25,425	17,440	14,902	14,800	12,682	9,765	10,690

Table 9b: Seasonal variation in numbers (000's) and sources of ova imported into Scotland from outwith GB during 2014

Month	Denmark	Isle of Man	N. Ireland	Norway	USA
January	50	500	700	200	0
February	370	0	10	0	0
March	0	500	350	510	0
April	210	0	350	0	0
May	500	0	0	0	0
June	100	0	650	0	700
July	0	0	350	0	200
August	200	0	650	0	100
September	0	0	1,720	0	200
October	0	0	0	0	500
November	1,070	0	0	0	0
December	0	0	0	0	0
Totals	2,500	1,000	4,780	710	1,700

Table 9c: Number (000's) and sources of fish imported into Scotland from outwith GB during 2007-2014

Source	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
N. Ireland	18	33	0	<1	72	155	537	674
Republic of Ireland	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0

Suppliers within the European Union ( EU) accounted for 77.5% of ova imported into Scotland during 2014 with the USA and Norway accounting for 15.9% and 6.6% respectively. To maintain their ability to regulate production throughout the year and produce a constant supply of fish for their markets, producers have to rely upon supplies of out of season ova. In recent years there has been an increasing trend for producers to import part grown rainbow trout into Scotland from outwith GB.

Trade in Fry and Fingerlings

Table 10: Number (000's) of fry and fingerlings traded during 2003-2014

Year	Fry and fingerlings bought			Total number bought	Total number sold
	All female diploid no. (%)	Triploid no. (%)	Mixed sex diploid no. (%)
2003	17,500 (94)	1,007 (5)	193 (1)	18,700	17,451
2004	18,859 (91)	1,536 (7)	364 (2)	20,759	19,166
2005	14,618 (83)	1,532 (9)	1,480 (8)	17,630	16,919
2006	19,731 (89)	1,675 (7)	790 (4)	22,196	20,460
2007	14,830 (89)	1,140 (7)	675 (4)	16,645	23,631
2008	24,298 (95)	1,082 (4)	118 (0.5)	25,498	31,036
2009	21,113 (94)	1,358 (6)	0	22,471	20,597
2010	15,539 (95)	585 (4)	141 (1)	16,265	14,686
2011	16,288 (88.5)	1,970 (10.7)	138 (0.8)	18,396	16,612
2012	12,543 (91)	1,226 (9)	0	13,769	12,088
2013	6,734 (84)	1,239 (16)	0	7,973	6,749
2014	5,911 (81)	1,423 (19)	0	7,334	6,719

The established trade between hatcheries and on-growing farms continued in 2014. Some companies specialised in the production of fry and fingerlings. The total number of fry and fingerlings bought and sold decreased by 8.0% and 0.4% respectively. The disparity between supply and demand is due to trade with England and Wales.

Use of Vaccines

Table 11: Number of sites rearing fish vaccinated against enteric redmouth disease ( ERM) and number of fish vaccinated (millions) during 2003-2014

Year	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
No. of sites	38	42	37	31	28	28	31	27	26	24	19	21
No. of fish	32.9	30.6	30.0	36.4	41.4	29.1	27.5	20.0	20.3	20.4	9.9	10.0

Vaccines continued to be widely used as a preventative treatment against enteric redmouth disease ( ERM), a potentially serious bacterial infection, caused by Yersinia ruckeri. Vaccination is generally carried out as a bath treatment at the fingerling stage, although some vaccines are administered by intra-peritoneal injection. A total of 10 million fish were vaccinated on 21 sites.

Organic Production

Of the 46 sites recorded as being active in rainbow trout production in 2014, none were certified as organic.

Escapes

There was one incident involving the loss of 4 fish from rainbow trout sites in 2014. There were two additional reported incidents where the companies confirmed there was no loss of fish.