Recovery housing in Scotland: international literature review

Review of the international evidence on recovery housing relevant to a Scottish context. This report forms part of a wider research project to better understand the provision of recovery housing in Scotland.


5. References

1. Mericle AA, Miles J, Cacciola J, Howell J. ADHERENCE TO THE SOCIAL MODEL APPROACH IN PHILADELPHIA RECOVERY HOMES. International Journal of Self Help & Self Care. 2014;8(2):259-75.

2. Mericle AA, Patterson D, Howell J, Subbaraman MS, Faxio A, Karriker-Jaffe KJ. Identifying the availability of recovery housing in the US: The NSTARR project. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2022;230.

3. Best D, Beswick T, Hodgkins S, Idle M. Recovery, Ambitions, and Aspirations: An Exploratory Project to Build a Recovery Community by Generating a Skilled Recovery Workforce. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2016;34(1):3-14.

4. Littlewood R, Gilman M, McLoughlin S. Housing for People with Substance Use Disorders: One Size Does Not Fit All TenantsAssessment of 16 Housing Services and Suggestions for Improvement Based on Real World Experience. Community Mental Health Journal. 2019;55(2):331-5.

5. NSTARR. About Recovery Housing 2023 [Available from: https://nstarr.arg.org/index.php/about-recovery-housing/.

6. SAMHSA. Recovery housing: best practises and suggested guidelines. 2011.

7. Mericle AA, Miles J. Quality of life and the complex needs of recovery home residents. Substance Abuse. 2017;38(3):309-16.

8. Mericle AA, Slaymaker V, Gliske K, Ngo Q, Subbaraman MS. The role of recovery housing during outpatient substance use treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2022;133.

9. Polcin D. Communal-Living Settings for Adults Recovering from Substance Abuse. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery. 2009;4(1/2):7-22.

10. Mericle AA, Miles J, Cacciola J. A Critical Component of the Continuum of Care for Substance Use Disorders: Recovery Homes in Philadelphia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2015;47(1):80-90.

11. Wittman F, Polcin D, Sheridan D. The architecture of recovery: two kinds of housing assistance for chronic homeless persons with substance use disorders. Drugs and Alcohol Today. 2017;17(3):157-67.

12. Jason LA, Harvey R. Recovery homes provide inexpensive and accessible community-based support. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2022;50(2):117-23.

13. Best D, Higham D, Pickersgill G, Higham K, Hancock R, Critchlow T. Building Recovery Capital through Community Engagement: A Hub and Spoke Model for Peer-based Recovery Support Services in England. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2021;39(1):3-15.

14. Reif S, George P, Braude L, Dougherty RH, Daniels AS, Ghose SS, et al. Recovery Housing: Assessing the Evidence. Psychiatric Services. 2014;65(3):295-300.

15. Parker KA, Roberson LB, Ivanov B, Carter RE, Riney N. Participating in 12-Step Programs in Recovery Homes: The Positive Experience of Structure, Fellowship, and Community of Support. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social & Community Studies. 2021;16(1):139-47.

16. Humphreys K, Lembke A. Recovery-oriented policy and care systems in the UK and USA. Drug and Alcohol Review. 2014;33(1):13-8.

17. Mericle AA, Miles J, Way F. Recovery Residences and Providing Safe and Supportive Housing for Individuals Overcoming Addiction. Journal of Drug Issues. 2015;45(4):368-84.

18. Polcin DL, Borkman T. The Impact of AA on Non-Professional Substance Abuse Recovery Programs and Sober Living Houses. In: Galanter M, Kaskutas LA, editors. Research on Alcoholics Anonymous and Spirituality in Addiction Recovery. Recent Developments in Alcoholism. 182008. p. 91-108.

19. Polcin D, Mericle A, Howell J, Sheridan D, Christensen J. Maximizing Social Model Principles in Residential Recovery Settings. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2014;46(5):436-43.

20. Bell JS, Kang A, Benner S, Bhatia S, Jason LA. Predictors of health in substance use disorder recovery: economic stability in residential aftercare environments. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions. 2023.

21. Cano I, Best D, Edwards M, Lehman J. Recovery capital pathways: Modelling the components of recovery wellbeing. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2017;181:11-9.

22. Foley M, Reidy M, Wells JSG. Recovery capital: stakeholder’s experiences and expectations for enabling sustainable recovery from substance use in the South East Region of Ireland. Journal of Substance Use. 2022;27(3):283-8.

23. Addictions UK. Recovery Capital 2023 [Available from: https://addictionsuk.com/blogs/recovery-capital/.

24. Best D, McKitterick T, Beswick T, Savic M. Recovery Capital and Social Networks Among People in Treatment and Among Those in Recovery in York, England. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2015;33(3):270-82.

25. Best D, de Alwis S. Community Recovery as a Public Health Intervention: The Contagion of Hope. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2017;35(3):187-99.

26. Jason LA, Mericle AA, Polcin DL, & , White W. The role of recovery residences in promoting long-term addiction recovery. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2013;52(3-4):406-11.

27. Bobak TJ, Majer JM, Jason LA. Complex Contexts Within Oxford Houses: Psychiatrically Comorbid Social Networks. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2023;41(2):237-49.

28. Jason LA, Davis MI, Ferrari JR. The need for substance abuse after-care: Longitudinal analysis of Oxford House. Addictive Behaviors. 2007;32(4):803-18.

29. Jason LA, Olson BD, Ferrari JR, Majer JM, Alvarez J, Stout J. An examination of main and interactive effects of substance abuse recovery housing on multiple indicators of adjustment. Addiction. 2007;102(7):1114-21.

30. National Alliance for Recovery Residences. Resources 2023 [Available from: https://narronline.org/resources/.

31. Ohio Recovery Housing. Recovery Housing Development Guidebook. 2021.

32. Phoenix Futures. Recovery Housing Provision 2023 [Available from: https://www.phoenix-futures.org.uk/phoenix-futures-for/commissioners-and-professionals/recovery-housing-provision/.

33. Ferrari JR, Jason LA, Sasser KC, Davis MI, Olson BD. Creating a home to promote recovery: the physical environments of Oxford House. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2006;31(1/2):27-39.

34. AbbeyCare Group. Sober Living Houses 2023 [Available from: https://www.abbeycarefoundation.com/alcohol/sober-living/.

35. The Executive Rehab Guide. Your UK Guide to Rehab: Helping you take control of your life. 2022 [Available from: https://executive-rehab-guide.co.uk/treating-addiction/halfway-houses.

36. Oxford House. Oxford House 2023 [Available from: https://www.oxfordhouse.org/.

37. Chavira D, Jason LA. 'Maybe this is the place for me:' a qualitative study examining needs and length of stay in recovery house residents. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions. 2022;22(3):188-99.

38. Jason LA, Groh DR, Durocher M, Alvarez J, Aose DM, Ferrari JR. Counteracting "not in my backyard": The positive effects of greater occupancy within mutual-help recovery homes. Journal of Community Psychology. 2008;36(7):947-58.

39. Isler B, Mineau M, Hunter B, Callahan S, Gelfman N, Bustos Y, et al. Relationship Themes Present between Parents and Children in Recovery Homes. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2017;35(3):200-12.

40. UK Recovery. SOBER LIVING HOUSES IN TREATMENT AND REHAB 2023 [Available from: https://www.uk-rehab.com/treatment-rehab/sober-living-houses/.

41. Polcin DL, Mericle AA, Braucht GS, Wittman FD. Moving Social Model Recovery Forward: Recent Research on Sober Living Houses. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2023;41(2):173-86.

42. Polcin DL, Mahoney E, Mericle AA. House manager roles in sober living houses. Journal of Substance Use. 2021;26(2):151-5.

43. Addiction Group. What are sober living homes? 2023 [Available from: https://www.addictiongroup.org/treatment/sober-living/['/.

44. Polcin DL, Korcha R, Bond J, Galloway G. Eighteen-month outcomes for clients receiving combined outpatient treatment and sober living houses. Journal of Substance Use. 2010;15(5):352-66.

45. UK Rehab. The Need for Halfway Houses Following Rehab 2023 [Available from: https://www.uk-rehab.com/treatment-rehab/the-need-for-halfway-houses-following-rehab/.

46. Rehab Guide. Sober Living Houses 2023 [Available from: https://www.rehabguide.co.uk/sober-living-houses/.

47. Polcin DL. A Model for Sober Housing During Outpatient Treatment. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2009;41(2):153-61.

48. Majer JM, Beers K, Jason LA. An examination of the first Oxford House in the UK: A preliminary investigation. Drugs-Education Prevention and Policy. 2014;21(5):347-56.

49. Best D, Gow J, Taylor A, Knox A, White W. Recovery from heroin or alcohol dependence: A qualitative account of the recovery experience in Glasgow. Journal of Drug Issues. 2011;41(3):359-77.

50. Jason LA, Wiedbusch E, Bobak TJ, Taullahu D. Estimating the Number of Substance Use Disorder Recovery Homes in the United States. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2020;38(4):506-14.

51. Tuten M, DeFulio A, Jones HE, Stitzer M. Abstinence-contingent recovery housing and reinforcement-based treatment following opioid detoxification. Addiction. 2012;107(5):973-82.

52. Bergman BG, Hoeppner BB, Nelson LM, Slaymaker V, Kelly JF. The effects of continuing care on emerging adult outcomes following residential addiction treatment. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2015;153:207-14.

53. Polcin DL, Korcha R, Bond J, Galloway G, Lapp W. Recovery from addiction in two types of sober living houses: 12-Month outcomes. Addiction Research & Theory. 2010;18(4):442-55.

54. Polcin DL, Korcha R, Bond J, Galloway G. What Did We Learn from Our Study on Sober Living Houses and Where Do We Go from Here? Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2010;42(4):425-33.

55. Jason LA, Olson BD, Ferrari JR, Lo Sasso AT. Communal housing settings enhance substance abuse recovery. American Journal of Public Health. 2006;96(10):1727-9.

56. Boisvert RA, Martin LM, Grosek M, Clarie AJ. Effectiveness of a peer-support community in addiction recovery: participation as intervention. Occupational Therapy International. 2008;15(4):205-20.

57. Majer JM, Chapman HM, Jason LA. Abstinence Self-Efficacy and Substance Use at 2 Years: The Moderating Effects of Residential Treatment Conditions. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2016;34(4):386-401.

58. Harvey R, Jason LA, Ferrari JR. Substance abuse relapse in Oxford House recovery homes: A survival analysis evaluation. Substance Abuse. 2016;37(2):281-5.

59. do Carmo DA, Palma SMM, Ribeiro A, Trevizol AP, Brietzke E, Abdalla RR, et al. Preliminary results from Brazil's first recovery housing program. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. 2018;40(4):285-91.

60. Heslin KC, Singzon TK, Farmer M, Dobalian A, Tsao J, Hamilton AB. Therapy or threat? Inadvertent exposure to alcohol and illicit drug cues in the neighbourhoods of sober living homes. Health & Social Care in the Community. 2013;21(5):500-8.

61. Polcin DL, Korcha R. Motivation to maintain sobriety among residents of sober living recovery homes. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 2015;6:103-11.

62. Polcin DL, Korcha RA, Bond J, Galloway G, Polcin DL, Korcha RA, et al. Sober living houses for alcohol and drug dependence: 18-month outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2010;38(4):356-65.

63. Polcin DL, Korcha R, Witbrodt J, Mericle AA, Mahoney E. Motivational Interviewing Case Management (MICM) for Persons on Probation or Parole Entering Sober Living Houses. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 2018;45(11):1634-59.

64. Logan TK, McLouth CJ, Cole J. Examining Recovery Status Trends over 7-Years for Men and Women Clients of a Substance Use Disorder Recovery Housing Program. Journal of Drug Issues. 2022;52(4):527-46.

65. Jason LA, Aase DM, Mueller DG, Ferrari JR. Current and Previous Residents of Self-Governed Recovery Homes: Characteristics of Long-Term Recovery. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2009;27(4):442-52.

66. Belyaev-Glantsman O, Jason L, Ferrari J. The Relationship of Gender and Ethnicity to Employment Among Adults Residing in Communal-Living Recovery Homes. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery. 2009;4(1/2):92-9.

67. Aase D, Jason L, Olson B, Majer J, Ferrari J, Davis M, et al. A Longitudinal Analysis of Criminal and Aggressive Behaviors Among a National Sample of Adults in Mutual-Help Recovery Homes. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery. 2009;4(1/2):82-91.

68. Majer JM, Chapman HM, Jason LA. Comparative analysis of treatment conditions upon psychiatric severity levels at two years among justice involved persons. Advances in Dual Diagnosis. 2016;9(1):38-47.

69. Aase DM, Jason LA, Ferrari JR, Groh DR, Alvarez J, Olson BD, et al. Anxiety symptoms and alcohol use: a longitudinal analysis of length of time in mutual help recovery homes. International Journal of Self Help & Self Care. 2005;4(1-2):21-35.

70. Polcin D, Korcha R, Gupta S, Subbaraman MS, Mericle AA. Prevalence and Trajectories of Psychiatric Symptoms Among Sober Living House Residents. Journal of Dual Diagnosis. 2016;12(2):175-84.

71. Stevens EB, Jason LA, Ferrari JR, Hunter B. Self-Efficacy and Sense of Community among Adults Recovering from Substance Abuse. North American Journal of Psychology. 2010;12(2):255-64.

72. Parker KA, Ivanov B, Thieneman A, Wombacher K, Watterson T, Burchett M, et al. "I used to be an addict. I'm still an addict. I'm always going to be a recovering addict": Understanding the challenges of individuals seeking recovery. Journal of Substance Use. 2019;24(2):147-9.

73. Polcin DL, Korcha R. Social Support Influences on Substance Abuse Outcomes among Sober Living House Residents with Low and Moderate Psychiatric Severity. Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education. 2017;61(1):51-70.

74. Jason LA, Light JM, Stevens EB, Beers K. Dynamic Social Networks in Recovery Homes. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2014;53(3-4):324-34.

75. Jason LA, Stevens E, Light JM. THE RELATIONSHIP OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND TRUST TO HOPE. Journal of Community Psychology. 2016;44(3):334-41.

76. Stevens E, Jason LA, Ram D, Light J. Investigating Social Support and Network Relationships in Substance Use Disorder Recovery. Substance Abuse. 2015;36(4):396-9.

77. Stevens E, Guerrero M, Green A, Jason LA. Relationship of hope, sense of community, and quality of life. Journal of Community Psychology. 2018;46(5):567-74.

78. Anderson M, Devlin AM, Pickering L, McCann M, Wight D. ‘It’s not 9 to 5 recovery’: the role of a recovery community in producing social bonds that support recovery. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 2021;28(5):475-85.

79. Majer JM, Jason LA, Bobak TJ. An examination of abstinence social support among recovery home residents with psychiatric comorbidity. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2021;228.

80. Olson BD, Curtis CE, Jason LA, Ferrari JR, Horin EV, Davis MI, et al. Physical and sexual trauma, psychiatric symptoms, and sense of community among women in recovery: toward a new model of shelter aftercare. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2003;26(1):67-80.

81. Jason LA, Stevens EB, Light JM, Doogan NJ. An Empirically Based Theory of the Relationships among Social Embeddedness, Economic Viability, Learned Recovery Skills and Perceived Quality of Life in Recovery Homes. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2020;38(1):126-42.

82. Olson BD, Jason LA, Ferrari JR, Hutcheson TD. Bridging professional and mutual-help: An application of the transtheoretical model to the mutual-help organization. Applied & Preventive Psychology. 2005;11(3):167-78.

83. Lawlor JA, Hunter BA, Jason LA, Rosing HB. Natural Mentoring in Oxford House Recovery Homes: A Preliminary Analysis. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery. 2014;9(2):126-42.

84. Doogan NJ, Light JM, Stevens EB, Jason LA. Quality of life as a predictor of social relationships in Oxford House. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2019;101:79-87.

85. Heslin KC, Hamilton AB, Singzon TK, Smith JL, Anderson NLR. Alternative Families in Recovery: Fictive Kin Relationships Among Residents of Sober Living Homes. Qualitative Health Research. 2011;21(4):477-88.

86. Jason LA, Menis N. Benefits of Continuing Linkages to Recovery Homes Following Departure. Journal of Drug Issues. 2023;53(3):431-9.

87. Edwards KM, Ullman SE, Siller L, Murphy SB, Harvey R, Wheeler L. What relates to length of stay in a sober living home among women with histories of victimization and addiction? A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Community Psychology. 2022;50(5):2508-14.

88. Majer JM, Jason LA, Ferrari JR, Miller SA, Majer JM, Jason LA, et al. 12-Step involvement among a U.S. national sample of Oxford House residents. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2011;41(1):37-44.

89. Groh DR, Jason LA, Davis MI, Olson BD, Ferrari JR. Friends, family, and alcohol abuse: An examination of general and alcohol-specific social support. American Journal on Addictions. 2007;16(1):49-55.

90. Jason LA, Salina D, Ram D. Oxford recovery housing: Length of stay correlated with improved outcomes for women previously involved with the criminal justice system. Substance Abuse. 2016;37(1):248-54.

91. Bobak TJ, Majer JM, Jason LA. An Examination of Psychiatric Severity and Social Cohesion Outcomes within Oxford Houses. Community Mental Health Journal. 2022;58(2):328-33.

92. Jason LA, Bobak T, Light J, Stoolmiller M. Understanding length of stay in recovery homes. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions. 2023.

93. Jason LA, Guerrero M, Salomon-Amend M, Light JM, Stoolmiller M. Personal and environmental social capital predictors of relapse following departure from recovery homes. Drugs-Education Prevention and Policy. 2021;28(5):504-10.

94. Boddapati S, Hunter BA, Jason LA, Ferrari JR. Social anxiety and communal living: the influence of social anxiety on men and women in substance abuse recovery homes. Journal of Substance Use. 2014;19(1-2):152-5.

95. Beasley CR, Jason LA, Miller SA, Stevens E, Ferrari JR. Person-environment interactions among residents of Oxford Houses. Addiction Research & Theory. 2013;21(3):198-206.

96. Härd S, Best D, Sondhi A, Lehman J, Riccardi R. The growth of recovery capital in clients of recovery residences in Florida, USA: a quantitative pilot study of changes in REC-CAP profile scores. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2022;17(1):58.

97. Davis J, Berman J. Living in a Sober Living House: Conversations with Residents. Substance Use & Misuse. 2022;57(3):402-8.

98. Majer JM, Jason LA, Olson BD. Optimism, abstinence self-efficacy, and self-mastery - A comparative analysis of cognitive resources. Assessment. 2004;11(1):57-63.

99. Majer JM, Jason LA, Aase DM, Droege JR, Ferrari JR. Categorical 12-step involvement and continuous abstinence at 2 years. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 2013;44(1):46-51.

100. Groh D, Jason L, Ferrari J, Davis M. Oxford House and Alcoholics Anonymous: The Impact of Two Mutual-Help Models on Abstinence. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery. 2009;4(1/2):23-31.

101. Polcin DL, Korcha R, Mericle A, Gupta S, Witbrodt J. Housing status, psychiatric distress, and substance use among sober living house residents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2017;171:E167-E.

102. Edwards KM, Wheeler L, Siller L, Murphy SB, Ullman SE, Harvey R, et al. Outcomes Associated With Participation in a Sober Living Home for Women With Histories of Domestic and Sexual Violence Victimization and Substance Use Disorders. Traumatology. 2023;29(2):191-201.

103. Curtis CE, Jason LA, Olson BD, Ferrari JR. Disordered eating, trauma, and sense of community: Examining women in substance abuse recovery homes. Women & Health. 2005;41(4):87-100.

104. Mericle AA, Carrico AW, Hemberg J, Stall R, Polcin DL. Improving recovery outcomes among MSM: The potential role of recovery housing. Journal of Substance Use. 2019;24(2):140-6.

105. Soto-Nevarez A, Abo M, Hudson M, Bobak T, Jason LA. Lived experiences of Oxford House residents prescribed medication-assisted treatment. Journal of Community Psychology. 2023.

106. Majer JM, Jason LA, Hickey P, Joshua N, Jeong H, Bobak TJ. Social Support among Oxford House Residents Utilizing Medication-Assisted Treatments. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 2020;38(2):199-214.

107. Majer JM, Jason LA, Norris J, Hickey P, Jeong H, Bobak TJ. Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Utilization Among Oxford House Residents. Community Mental Health Journal. 2020;56(5):925-32.

108. Jason LA, Mileviciute I, Aase DM, Stevens E, DiGangi J, Contreras R, et al. How Type of Treatment and Presence of PTSD affect Employment, Self-regulation, and Abstinence. North American Journal of Psychology. 2011;13(2):175-85.

109. Majer JM, Angulo RS, Aase DM, Jason LA. Gambling Behaviors Among Oxford House Residents: A Preliminary Investigation. Journal of Social Service Research. 2011;37(4):422-7.

110. Czarlinski JA, Aase DM, Jason LA. Eating Disorders, Normative Eating Self-Efficacy and Body Image Self-Efficacy: Women in Recovery Homes. European Eating Disorders Review. 2012;20(3):190-5.

111. Majer JM, Jason LA, North CS, Ferrari JR, Porter NS, Olson B, et al. A longitudinal analysis of psychiatric severity upon outcomes among substance abusers residing in self-help settings. American Journal of Community Psychology. 2008;42(1-2):145-53.

112. Best D, Bird K, Hunton L. Recovery as a social phenomenon: what is the role of the community in supporting and enabling recovery? 2015.

113. Polcin DL, Henderson D, Trocki K, Evans K, Wittman F. Community context of sober living houses. Addiction Research & Theory. 2012;20(6):480-91.

114. Mahoney E, Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Mericle AA, Patterson D, Polcin DL, Subbaraman M, et al. Do neighborhood characteristics of sober living houses impact recovery outcomes? A multilevel analysis of observational data from Los Angeles County. Health & Place. 2023;79.

115. Kassanits J, Bobak TJ, Stevens E, Guerrero M, Light J, Jason LA. The Relationship of Oxford Houses Across Heterogeneous House and Setting Characteristics. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2020;90(3):324-7.

116. Ursu A, Harvey R. An exploratory study of Romanians' attitudes toward community-based substance abuse recovery housing. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community. 2022;50(2):205-16.

117. Jason LA, Roberts K, D.Olson B. Attitudes toward recovery homes and residents: Does proximity make a difference? Journal of Community Psychology. 2005;33(5):529-35.

118. Polcin DL, Henderson DM, Korcha R, Evans K, Wittman F, Trocki K. Perceptions of Sober Living Houses Among Addiction Counselors and Mental Health Therapists: Knowledge, Views and Perceived Barriers. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2012;44(3):224-36.

119. Singleton N. Getting serious about stigma in Scotland: The problem with stigmatising drug users. UK Drug Policy Commission. 2011.

120. Best D, Colman C. Let’s celebrate recovery. Inclusive Cities working together to support social cohesion. Addiction Research & Theory. 2019;27(1):55-64.

121. Mericle AA, Howell J, Borkman T, Subbaraman MS, Sanders BF, Polcin DL. Social model recovery and recovery housing. Addiction Research & Theory. 2023.

122. Pannella Winn L, Paquette K. Bringing Recovery Housing to Scale in Ohio: Lessons Learned. Journal of Dual Diagnosis. 2016;12(2):163-74.

123. Reis AD, Laranjeira R. HALFWAY HOUSES FOR ALCOHOL DEPENDENTS: FROM THEORETICAL BASES TO IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF FACILITIES. Clinics. 2008;63(6):827-32.

124. Alvarez J, Adebanjo AM, Davidson MK, Jason LA, Davis MI. Oxford house: Deaf-affirmative support for substance abuse recovery. American Annals of the Deaf. 2006;151(4):418-22.

125. Polcin DL, Korcha RA, Bond JC. Interaction of Motivation and Psychiatric Symptoms on Substance Abuse Outcomes in Sober Living Houses. Substance Use & Misuse. 2015;50(2):195-204.

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