Part 1 of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995: review

This consultation seeks views on reforming Part 1 of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 to ensure the child's best interests are at the centre of any decision made about them.


Footnotes

1. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/

2. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003R2201:EN:HTML

3. https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention_ENG.pdf

4. https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=24

5. http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CRC.aspx

6. https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/1615/1923/2050/News_release_-_Tenth_Programme_of_Law_Reform_Report_No_250.pdf

7. http://www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk/59/0/Judicial-Training

8. The FLC recently set up a sub-group to consider Case Management in Family Actions. The sub-group’s report, which the SCJC intends to consult on, is at http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-23-october-2017/paper-5-1a---report-by-flc-sub-committee-on-case-management-in-family-actions-(revised)--private.pdf?sfvrsn=2. Recommendation 8 at paragraph 4.14 contains a recommendation on judicial continuity. Paragraph 4.14 also said that “the sub-committee notes that insofar as practicable and feasible, the Sheriffs Principal all encourage judicial continuity in their courts.”

9. http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/rule-making (please see under “Requesting Rules and Providing Feedback”)

10. https://www.cypcs.org.uk/policy/domestic-abuse/power-uppower-down

11. Holt, S. 2016 The voice of the child in family law: A discussion paper Children and Youth Services Review 68

12. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsqIkirKQZLK2M58RF%2f5F0vHKTUsoHNPBW0noZpSp5d6MSKiT09ePYFY4cH5tmyyvg3YyYVL7uIXAET9fcgaUxKNMYk2%2faPGF8Uay9K0wAPru

13. Sheriff Court form: https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/docs/default-source/rules-and-practice/forms/sheriff-court-forms/ordinary-cause-forms/form-f09.doc?sfvrsn=12
The equivalent form in the Court of Session is 49.8N available at: https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/docs/default-source/rules-and-practice/rules-of-court/court-of-session/chap49.pdf?sfvrsn=22

14. Monitoring the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 Scottish Government 2000 http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/156495/0042016.pdf

15. http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-07-december-2015-meeting-papers/paper-5-1a-hearing-the-voice-of-the-child-in-family-cases---sg-paper.pdf?sfvrsn=2

16. Kay.E, Tisdall.M, Bray.R, Marshall.K & Cleland.A 2010. Children’s participation in family law proceedings: A step too far or a step too small. Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 26(1) p17-33.

17. Kay.E, Tisdall.M, Bray.R, Marshall.K & Cleland.A 2010. ibid

18. Fernando. M 2014 Family Law Proceedings and the child’s right to be heard in Australia, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Canada . Family Court Review 52(1) p46-59

19. Fernando. M ibid

20. See, for example, http://www.avenue-info.com/index.php/children/consulting-children

21. For example, the report on the Children’s Parliament consultation on the proposed changes to the F9 form said that “the children thought that a form may not be the best way for some children to express their views and it would be easier for them to speak with someone directly”. http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-08-may-2017/paper-4-1c-children-39-s-parliament-feedback-report-on-form-f9.pdf?sfvrsn=2
See also comments by the Power Up/Power Down young people and children http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-08-may-2017/paper-4-1d-scottish-women-39-s-aid-and-cypcs-feedback-report-on-form-f9.pdf?sfvrsn=2
Comments by Clan childlaw clients on the proposed changes to the F9 form are at http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-08-may-2017/paper-4-1f-clan-childlaw-feedback-on-form-f9.pdf?sfvrsn=2

22. See, for example, the appendix to this note: https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/docs/default-source/cos-general-docs/pdf-docs-for-opinions/2017scgla46.pdf?sfvrsn=0

23. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters

24. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters/child-welfare-guide
This guide is currently being revised and a guide for children and young people is being prepared as well.

25. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters/Instructions-to-reporters

26. An exchange of correspondence between the Scottish Government, the Lord President’s Office and the Sheriffs Principal on the proposed training scheme for reporters is at http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Justice/law/17867/reporters/letters-judiciary-Sep-16

27. http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-23-october-2017/paper-4-2---report-by-slab---child-welfare-reporters.pdf?sfvrsn=2

28. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/6-7/40/section/11

29. https://www.unicef.org/publications/index_43110.html

30. http://www.parliament.scot/GettingInvolved/Petitions/PE01635

31. https://naccc.org.uk/

32. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2012/05/6645

33. Jappens M. Van Bavel J. 2015 Parental divorce, residence arrangements, and contact between grandchildren and grandparents Journal of Marriage and Family volume 78 issue 2 p451-467.

34. Lussier, G and Deater-Deckard K. 2002 Support across two generations: Children’s closeness to grandparents following parental divorce and remarriage . Journal of Family Psychology vol 16. No 3 p363-376

35. http://www.gov.scot/publications/parenting-plan-charter-grandchildren/

36. http://www.parliament.scot/S2_Bills/Family%20Law%20(Scotland)%20Bill/b36s2-introd-pm.pdf (Paragraphs 4.23 to 4.33 discuss grandparents).

37. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2004/0090/67.0/DLM317233.html

38. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/10110037/0

39. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/10110037/0

40. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/03/10110037/0

41. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2006/10/16092253/2

42. http://www.gov.scot/resource/doc/201147/0053739.pdf

43. http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/enforcement%20briefing%20paper%20final.pdf

44. http://ec.europa.eu/civiljustice/publications/docs/family_rights/study_family_rights_synthesis_report_en.pdf

45. http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=4622&i=36023

46. http://www.parliament.scot/GettingInvolved/Petitions/parentalrightstocontact

47. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00525142.pdf

48. https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=434c27a7-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7

49. See for example, as regards mother with residence Baldwin.L and Epstein.R 2017 Short but not sweet: A study of the impact of short custodial sentences on mothers and their children De Montfort University July 2017 available at: https://www.dora.dmu.ac.uk/handle/2086/14301

50. https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/docs/default-source/rules-and-practice/rules-of-court/court-of-session/chap71.pdf?sfvrsn=8

51. https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/6212/8015/1386/26-07-2010_1436_823.pdf Report 82, on illegitimacy. Paragraphs 6.6 to 6.12

52. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2008/06/16155526/0 (form for non married fathers to gain PRRs).

53. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2009/191/regulation/2/made (form for second female parent to gain PRRs)

54. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915/downloads

55. http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/news/census-2011-detailed-characteristics-population-and-households-scotland-release-3e

56. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2004/10/20057/44653 (see part 7)

57. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/235744/0004.pdf (see paragraphs 2.36 to 2.51)

58. The Policy Memorandum for the Bill which led to the 2006 Act is at http://www.parlamaid.scot/S2_Bills/Family%20Law%20(Scotland)%20Bill/b36s2-introd-pm.pdf

59. The NRS statistics on births are at https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.02.xlsx

60. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0051/00515142.pdf

61. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/10/3700

62. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100612055002/http:/www.dwp.gov.uk/docs/birth-registration-wp.pdf

63. http://archive.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/justice1/reports-05/j1r05-08-vol01-02.htm#otherissues (see paragraph 227)

64. See comments of the then Minister Hugh Henry at columns 2257-2258 http://archive.scottish.parliament.uk/business/committees/justice1/or-05/j105-3602.htm#Col2235

65. http://www.bclaws.ca/civix/document/id/lc/statreg/11025_01

66. Caring for children after parental separation: would legislation for shared parenting time help children? University of Oxford May 2011. http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Would%20legislation%20for%20shared%20parenting%20time%20help%20children)OXLAP%20FPB%207.pdf

67. See for example Bauserman, R. (2002). Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Family Psychology. 16(1): 91-102.

68. Sodermans AK, and Matthijs K 2014 Joint physical custody and adolescents’ subjective well-being: a personality x environment interaction. Journal of Family Psychology vol 28, No 3 p345-356

69. Vanassche, S 2017 Alternating residence for children after parental separation: recent findings from Belgium. Family Court Review vol 55 issue 4

70. https://www.bma.org.uk/-/media/files/pdfs/practical%20advice%20at%20work/ethics/accesstohealthrecords_aug2014.pdf?la=en

71. Harman.J, Leder-Elder.S, Biringen.Z 2016 Prevalence of parental alienation drawn from a representative poll. Children and Youth Services Review vol 66 p62-66.

72. https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/8712/7989/6603/rep102.pdf. The SLC’s prior discussion paper (number 67) is at https://www.scotlawcom.gov.uk/files/2813/1419/8658/cm67.pdf This report has not been implemented. The then Scottish Executive outlined its reasons for not implementing the report in a written answer to a Parliamentary Question on 23 January 2002: http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/28877.aspx?SearchType=Advance&ReferenceNumbers=S1W-21642&ResultsPerPage=10

73. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32003R2201

74. http://www.parliament.scot/Domestic%20Abuse%20Scotland%20Bill/SPBill08PMS052017.pdf

75. McKay K 2013 The treatment of the views of children in private law child contact disputes where there is a history of domestic abuse https://www.cypcs.org.uk/ufiles/views-of-children-and-domestic-abuse.pdf

76. https://www.cafcass.gov.uk/download/2124/

77. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217368/family-justice-childrens-proceedings.pdf

78. http://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-crime-justice-survey-2014-15-partner-abuse//downloads

79. http://www.gov.scot/publications/nation-ambition-governments-programme-scotland-2017-18/

80. Clause 47 of the Prisons and Courts Bill contains the relevant provision: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/bills/cbill/2016-2017/0170/cbill_2016-20170170_en_6.htm#pt2-pb8-l1g47

81. https://consult.justice.gov.uk/homeoffice-moj/domestic-abuse-consultation/supporting_documents/Transforming%20the%20response%20to%20domestic%20abuse.pdf

82. https://www.ag.gov.au/Consultations/Pages/Family-violence-cross-examination-amendments.aspx

83. http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2016/0044/latest/DLM6488750.html

84. See paragraph 3.5 of the report at http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-23-october-2017/paper-5-1a---report-by-flc-sub-committee-on-case-management-in-family-actions-(revised)--private.pdf?sfvrsn=2

85. Family Law Committee meeting 05 February 2018

86. See paragraphs 62 to 69 and 86 of the report by the Justice Committee: http://www.parlamaid.scot/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/97604.aspx#m

87. https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/family/practice_directions/pd_part_12j#1a

88. The report of the Family Law Committee sub-committee on case management in family actions considered issues on pleadings generally: http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-meeting-papers-23-october-2017/paper-5-1a---report-by-flc-sub-committee-on-case-management-in-family-actions-(revised)--private.pdf?sfvrsn=2 (see paragraphs 3.11 and 4.12).

89. https://www.nycourts.gov/courts/family-violence/dv/index.shtml

90. Civil protective orders in integrated domestic violence court: An empirical study 2010 https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/4772900/rickardcivilprotection.pdf?sequence=1

91. Understanding Child Contact Cases in Scottish Sheriff Courts. K.Laing & G.Wilson Newcastle University 2010. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf

92. http://www.scottishciviljusticecouncil.gov.uk/docs/librariesprovider4/flc-meeting-files/flc-13-february-2017/approved-minutes-13-february-2017.pdf?sfvrsn=2 (Paragraphs 17 to 19 refer).

93. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915/22

94. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsqIkirKQZLK2M58RF%2f5F0vEAXPu5AtSWvliDPBvwUDNUfn%2fyTqF7YxZy%2bkauw11KCqUdkLyII8YvUE61eGa71i4uSXdRmekRNnGyo1aEv9QH

95. See for example Understanding Child Contact Cases in Scottish Sheriff Courts. K.Laing & G.Wilson Newcastle University 2010. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf

96. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0053/00531705.pdf

97. /publications/parenting-plan/

98. Research on minutes of agreement is at http://www.crfr.ac.uk/projects/current-projects/all-settled-a-study-of-legally-binding-separation-agreements-in-scotland/

99. http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/report.aspx?r=11399

100. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1995/6/section/2

101. https://www.relationships-scotland.org.uk/

102. http://www.calmscotland.co.uk/

103. https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210

104. The Preventing and Combating Violence Against Women and Domestic Violence (Ratification of Convention) Act 2017 requires the UK Government to take all reasonable steps as soon as reasonably practicable to enable the UK to become compliant with the Istanbul Convention. This Act extends to Scotland. It is available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2017/18/contents

105. http://www.flagsarb.com/

106. http://www.consensus-scotland.com/

107. http://www.parlamaid.scot/parliamentarybusiness/CurrentCommittees/97604.aspx#n (paragraph 87)

108. https://www.slab.org.uk/handbooks/Civil%20handbook/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=Part%20IV%20LA/IV%204%20merits.html

109. For an example of current signposting by the Scottish Government to ADR to resolve a family dispute please see https://www.mygov.scot/family-mediation/

110. The exemptions to the MIAM requirement in England and Wales are contained in Chapter 3 to Part 3 of the Family Procedure Rules for England and Wales. This is available at: https://www.justice.gov.uk/courts/procedure-rules/family/parts/part_03

111. http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/family-mediation-task-force-report.pdf

112. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/399573/miams-report.pdf

113. https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=5ea1eea6-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7

114. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/registration/recording-change-of-forename-and-surname-in-scotland

115. Further information on the form is available at: https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/registration/recording-change-of-forename-and-surname-in-scotland

116. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2007/54/contents/made

117. Section 163(3) of the 2011 Act specifies the Principal Reporter has rights of appeal against a number of a sheriff’s determinations, including for example, appeals against decisions of a children’s hearing under section 163(1)(a)(iii).

118. Section 163(5) states that the Principal Reporter may not appeal against a determination by the sheriff confirming a decision of a children’s hearing.

119. http://www.scra.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/The-Digital-Strategy-2016.pdf

120. Rule 26 of the Children’s Hearing’s Scotland Act 2011 (Rules of Procedure in Children’s Hearings)Rules 2013 sets out who is to receive information about a child prior to a children’s hearing.

121. Executive Summary p11, The Role of the Safeguarder in the Children’s Hearings System; C. McDiarmid, M. Barry, M. Donnelly, S. Corson; University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00526444.pdf

122. Section 67 of the Children Hearing(Scotland) Act 2011 lists the 16 grounds for which a child can be referred to a Children’s hearing( add link?).

123. Section 93 and 94 arise where a children’s hearing refer a child’s case to the sheriff to make a determination of whether the grounds of referral. Section 110 is where the sheriff is reviewing a grounds determination.

124. http://www.parliament.scot/S4_JusticeCommittee/Inquiries/FL8._Carruthers_and_Crawford.pdf

125. The SEA consultation authorities are: the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, Scottish National Heritage, and Historic Environment Scotland.

126. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32003R2201:EN:HTML

127. https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/full-text/?cid=24

128. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2014/362/contents/made and http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2005/629/contents/made

129. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0225&from=EN

130. https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2016/EN/1-2016-411-EN-F1-1.PDF

131. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:007:0001:0079:EN:PDF

132. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32013R0606

133. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016R1191

134. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915

135. http://www.gov.scot/About/Review/legal-aid-review

136. https://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Implementation_Handbook_for_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child_Part_1_of_3.pdf

137. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.03.pdf

138. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/high-level-summary/j11198/j1119811.html

139. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-by-theme/population/population-estimates/mid-year-population-estimates/mid-2016

140. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2012/05/6645

141. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5915/downloads

142. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.03.pdf

143. http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/news/census-2011-detailed-characteristics-population-and-households-scotland-release-3e

144. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.03.pdf

145. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/time-series/2016-birth/births-time-series-tab14.xlsx

146. McKay K 2013 The treatment of the views of children in private law child contact disputes where there is a history of domestic abuse https://www.cypcs.org.uk/ufiles/views-of-children-and-domestic-abuse.pdf

147. https://www.cafcass.gov.uk/download/2124/

148. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217368/family-justice-childrens-proceedings.pdf

149. http://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-crime-justice-survey-2014-15-partner-abuse//downloads

150. http://www.scra.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/SCRA-Annual-Report-2016-17.pdf

151. Holt.S (2016) The voice of the child in family law: a discussion paper. Children and Youth Services Review (68)

152. Scottish Government (2000) Monitoring the Children (Scotland) Act 1995: Pilot Study available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/156495/0042016.pdf

153. Kay,E, Tisdall,M, Bray. R, Marshall K and Cleland A Children’s participation in family law proceedings: a step too far or a step too small? (2004) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 26(1) p17-33.

154. https://www.cypcs.org.uk/policy/domestic-abuse/power-uppower-down

155. https://www.clanchildlaw.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=6be66e0e-4216-4bad-979b-e5cee781c320

156. Whitecross, R Child Welfare Hearings: A scoping study of the commissioning, preparation and use of bar reports. 2011 available at http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2011/01/07142042/0

157. Jappens, M and Van Bavel J Parental divorce, residence arrangements and contact between grandchildren and grandparents Journal of Marriage and Family vol 78(2) p 451-467

158. Lussier, G, Deater-Deckard,K, Dunn J and Davies L (2002) Support across two generations: children’s closeness to grandparents following parental divorce and remarriage Journal of Family Psychology vol 16(3) p363-376.

159. http://www.clanchildlaw.org/app/uploads/2015/11/Promoting-Sibling-Contact-for-Looked-After-Children.pdf

160. A survey of sheriff clerks’ perspective on child contact enforcement in Scottish sheriff courts 2006 available at:

161. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/156495/0042016.pdf

162. Baldwin L & Epstein R. Short but not sweet: A study of the impact of short custodial sentences on mothers and their children 2017

163. Black G. Identifying the legal parent/child relationship and the biological prerogative: Who then is my parent? Juridical Review. April 2018

164. Growing up in Scotland: Father –child relationships and child socio-emotional wellbeing. 2017. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/03/5231

165. Caring for children after parental separation: would legislation for shared parenting time help children? 2011. Available at: http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Would%20legislation%20for%20shared%20parenting%20time%20help%20children%29OXLAP%20FPB%207.pdf

166. Sodermans AK, Matthijs K Joint physical custody and adolescents’ subjective well-being: a personality x environment interaction 2014 Journal of Family Psychology vol 28(3) p346-356

167. Vanassche S. Alternating residence for children after parental separation: recent findings from Belgium 2017 Family Court Review vol 55(4)

168. Harman, J, Leder-Elder, S and Biringen Z Prevalence of parental alienation drawn from a representative poll 2016 Children and Youth Services Review vol 66. P62-66.

169. The Role of the Safeguarder in the Children’s Hearings System; C. McDiarmid, M. Barry, M. Donnelly, S. Corson; University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/11/7936

170. https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=5ea1eea6-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7

171. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.03.pdf

172. Laing, K &Wilson G. 2010 Understanding child contact cases in Scottish sheriff courts Newcastle University. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf

173. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/235744/0004.pdf (see paragraphs 2.36 to 2.51)

174. The School Report Stonewall 2017 Available at: http://www.stonewall.org.uk/sites/default/files/the_school_report_2017.pdf

175. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.01a.pdf

176. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.03.pdf

177. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/334161/0109246.pdf

178. https://www.cypcs.org.uk/ufiles/views-of-children-and-domestic-abuse.pdf

179. https://www.cafcass.gov.uk/download/2124/

180. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/217368/family-justice-childrens-proceedings.pdf

181. See for example Bauserman, R. (2002). Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal of Family Psychology. 16(1): 91-102.

182. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0051/00515142.pdf

183. https://www.iriss.org.uk/sites/default/files/2017-06/insights-38.pdf

184. Caring for children after parental separation: would legislation for shared parenting time help children? University of Oxford May 2011. http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/sites/default/files/files/Would%20legislation%20for%20shared%20parenting%20time%20help%20children)OXLAP%20FPB%207.pdf

185. https://www.researchgate.net/project/Elvis-projektet

186. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.03.pdf

187. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2017/10/3700

188. https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files//statistics/vital-events-ref-tables/16/3-birth/ve-ref-tabs-16-tab3.01b.pdf

189. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Crime-Justice/Datasets/supptab1516

190. In respect of this protected characteristic, a body subject to the Public Sector Equality Duty (which includes Scottish Government) only needs to comply with the first need of the duty (to eliminate discrimination, harassment, victimisation and any other conduct that is prohibited by or under the Equality Act 2010) and only in relation to work. This is because the parts of the Act covering services and public functions, premises, education etc. do not apply to that protected characteristic. Equality impact assessment within the Scottish Government does not require assessment against the protected characteristic of Marriage and Civil Partnership unless the policy or practice relates to work, for example HR policies and practices.

191. See EQIA – Setting the Scene for further information on the legislation.

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