National guidance for child protection in Scotland 2021

Appendix F: Resources and references

References: Introduction and Part 1

• Aldgate J, Scottish Government (2013) UNCRC: the foundation of Getting it right for every child
• Baker H, Miller P, Starr M, Witcombe-Hayes S, and Gwilym C (2019). Let children know you're listening: The importance of an adult's interpersonal skills. NSPCC
• Calder M, MacKinnon M and Sneddon, R (2012) National Risk Framework to Support the Assessment of Children and Young People. Edinburgh: Scottish Government.
• Care Inspectorate (2019), Learning from Significant Case Reviews March 2015 to April 2018.
• Care Inspectorate (2019), Joint strategic inspection of services for children and young people 2012-2017.
• CELCIS (2018) Child Protection and Permanence Maps.
• Helm D, Judgements or Assumptions? The Role of Analysis in Assessing Children and Young People's Needs. British Journal of Social Work (2011) 41, 894–911.
• Childrens Hearings Improvement Partnership, Who Cares (Scotland), (2019)
• Advocacy in the Children's Hearings System: national practice model guidance document. CHIP Partnership/Who Cares Scotland (revised 2020, forthcoming).
• Information Commissioner's Office (2019), Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
• Information Commissioner's Office (2018; 2020), Right of Access Guidance.
• Scottish Government (2020, forthcoming), GIRFEC principles, values and core components.
• CELCIS/Social Work Scotland/Children 1st (2018), Addressing Poverty and Child Welfare Intervention: What do we need to do differently in Scotland?
• Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland (2019). UNCRC Articles:
• Independent Care Review: Reports (2020).
• Marchant R, Opening Doors, ch. 6 in Horwath J, Platt D (2018) The Child's World: Good Assessment Practice. Jessica Kingsley.
• Mellon M, IRISS (2017) Child Protection: listening to and learning from parents.
• Morrison F, IRISS (2016) Social Workers' communication with children and young people in practice (Insight 34).
• NHS Education Scotland (2018), National Trauma Training Framework.
• NSPCC (2019), Let children know you are listening.
• Scottish Government Permanence and Care Excellence Programme
• Scottish Womens Aid/Rape Crisis/Safer Scotland/Scottish Youth Parliament/Barnardo's (2018) Everyday Heroes
• The 5 Rights Foundation (2018) The Right to Safety and Support
• Universities of Sussex, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Queens Belfast/ESRC (2017) Talking and Listening to Children- national research and resources
• Scottish Government (2004) Protecting Children and Young People. Framework for Standards and Children's Charter
• Scottish Government (2012): National Framework for Child Protection, Learning and Development in Scotland 2012.
• Scottish Executive (2006). Key Capabilities (KC) in Child Care and Protection
• Scottish Social Services Council (2020) Post Qualifying Framework for Social Work
• Scottish Government (2021, forthcoming) Adult Support and Protection Code of Practice
• Scottish Government (2021), National Guidance for Child Protection Committees Undertaking Learning Reviews.
• Stand up For Siblings: resources:

(*) Contributions from individual parents, Children 1st Support Groups, Scottish Commission for Learning Disabilities, People First Scotland and Scottish Women's Aid Groups are acknowledged with thanks.

References: Part 2A

• Boarding Schools Association (UK) Safeguarding
• Care Inspectorate (2019): Quality framework for children and young people in need of care and protection.
• Children's Hearings Improvement Partnership (2019) Better Hearings research report
• Child Safeguarding Practice Review Panel (2020) First annual report (2018-19)
• Firmin C. and Lloyd, J (2020) Contextual Safeguarding: A 2020 update on the operational, strategic and conceptual framework. Luton: University of Bedfordshire
• Firmin, C. (2020) Contextual Safeguarding and Child Protection: Rewriting the Rules. Oxon: Routledge
• Henderson G, Woods R, Kurlus I (2017) An exploration of ethnic minority communities' understanding and awareness of child protection and the Children's Hearings System in Scotland. SCRA.
• Education Scotland (2018) child protection and safeguarding policy.
• NHS Education Scotland (2019): national trauma training framework
• Murphy C, CYCJ (2021) Contextual Safeguarding: A framework for responding to the extra-familial abuse of children - Children's and Young People's Centre for Justice (cycj.org.uk)
• Orr D (2021) Child protection in the 21st century: a role for contextual safeguarding | Iriss
• Royal College of Nursing (2019) Intercollegiate Document: Safeguarding Children and Young People: Roles and Competencies for Health Care Staff: 4th Edition
• Scottish Children's Reporters Administration/Who Cares?(Scotland) (2020) Privacy and participation in Children's Hearings
• Scottish Council for Independent Schools: Safeguarding
• Scottish Executive (2002) It's everyone's job to make sure I'm alright Report of the Child Protection Audit and Review
• Scottish Government (2012) Common Core of Skills, Knowledge and Understanding and Values for the Children's Workforce in Scotland
• Scottish Government (2014) Assessment and management of young people: guidance
• Scottish Government (2017) Statutory guidance to the Education (Additional Support for Learning) (Scotland) Act 2004 as amended
• Scottish Government (2019) Family Nurse Partnership Evaluation Report.
• Scottish Government (2019) Protecting Children and Young People: Child Protection Committee and Chief Officer Responsibilities.
• Scottish Government (2019) Alcohol and Drugs Partnerships: Delivery Framework.
• Scottish Government (2020 revised) Guide to Home Education
• Scottish Government, Children Missing from Education,
• Scottish Government (2018) The school nurse role in integrated community nursing teams.
• Social Work Scotland (2021) Framework for Standards: Self-directed Support - Social Work Scotland
• Scottish Government (2018) Role of the Chief Social Work Officer:
• Scottish Government (2015) Universal Health Visiting Pathway:
• Scottish Government/COSLA (2016) Violence Against Women Partnership Guidance.
• Scottish Government (2017) Protecting Scotland's Children and Young People: It is Still Everyone's Job. Child Protection Systems Review.

References: Part 2B

• Barnsdale L, Walker M Use and Impact of Family Group Conferencing. Scottish Executive/ University of Stirling 2007.
• Baginsky et al (2017) Evaluation of Signs of Safety in 10 pilots. Children's Social Care Innovation Programme Evaluation Report 48. DoE
• Biehal N, Cusworth L, Hooper J, Whincup H & Shapira M (2019) Pathways to Permanence for children who become looked after in Scotland. Insights for policymakers and practitioners. University of Stirling. Permanently Progressing? Building secure futures for children in Scotland. Stirling.
• Broadhurst K, White S, Fish S, Munro E, Fletcher K, Lincoln H (2010) Ten pitfalls and how to avoid them. NSPCC.
• Calder M, McKinnon M, Sneddon R (2012) National Risk Assessment Framework. Scottish Government.
• CELCIS Protection Children Knowledge Bank:
• Child and Family Community Australia (2012) Is resilience still a useful concept when working with children and young people? Australian Institute of Family Studies
• Children's Hearings Scotland (2019) Practice and Procedure Manual.
• Child Protection Committees Self-Evaluation CELCIS/CPC Scotland
• Cusworth L, Biehal N, Whincup H, Grant M, Hennessy A (2019). Children looked after away from home aged five and under in Scotland: experiences, pathways and outcomes. University of Stirling.
• Department for Education (2017) Children's Social Care Innovation Programme Evaluation Report 48. Evaluation of Signs of Safety in 10 Pilots.
• Firmin C Contextual Safeguarding Network materials and resources:
• Harnett P. et al. Capacity to Change in High-Risk Pregnant Women: A Pilot Study. Child Abuse Review Vol. 27: 72 –84 (2018) Published online 3 October
• Johnson, R., Smith, E. and Fisher, H. (2015) Testing the reliability and validity of the Graded Care Profile version 2 (GCP2). London: NSPCC)
• Lonne, B., Harries, M., Featherstone, B., Gray, M. (2016). Working Ethically in Child Protection. London: Routledge
• Ingram J, Manole M (2019) Child Participation in Child Protection Processes
• McKillop (2015) Family Group Conferencing – Scotland's National Standards. Family Group Conferences – National Standards
• McTier A (2019) Child Protection Committees' Processes and Practices in Relation to Child Sexual Exploitation. Report of Child Protection Committee Survey CELCIS Protecting Children Team
• Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2020). Child Protection Service Delivery Standards
• Platt, D, Riches, K, Helm, D (2017). C-Change: Capacity to Change Assessment Manual: Scottish version. University of Bristol, Bristol
• Scottish Government / McKinnon M, Calder M, Sneddon R (2012) National Risk Assessment Framework (section on Parental Capacity to Change)
• Mitchell M. (2019) Reimagining child welfare outcomes: Learning from family group conferencing. Child & Family Social Work.
• Scottish Government (provisional for 2020) Revised Guidance for Joint Investigative Interviews
• van Bijleveld G, de Vetten M, Dedding C (2020) Co-creating participation tools with children within child protection services: What lessons we can learn from the children? Action Research. SAGE.
• Ward H, Davies C (2012) Safeguarding Babies and Very Young Children from Abuse and Neglect. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
• Ward, H, Brown, R & Hyde-Dryden, G (2014) Assessing parental capacity to change when children are on the edge of care: an overview of current research, London: Department for Education
• Wassell C, CELCIS (2012), The Case for Concurrency Planning
• Laws S, Bellew R, Wilson R/Coram (2013) Outcomes of Concurrent Planning: Summary of Findings 2013.

References: Part 3

• Care Inspectorate (2017) Guide to Chronologies.
• Childrens Hearings Scotland (2019) Guidance for Children's Panel Members
• The Children's Hearings Scotland (2020).Children's Rights and Inclusion Strategy. Children's Rights and Inclusion Strategy (chscotland.gov.uk)
• Childrens Hearings Improvement Partnership (2019) Advocacy in Children's Hearings System. National Practice Model.
• Centre for Youth and Criminal Justice (2020 forthcoming) Care and Risk Management Guidance.
• Centre for Youth and Criminal Justice (2020) A Guide to Youth Justice in Scotland: policy, practice and legislation (revised)
• General Medical Council (2018 edn) Protecting children and young people: The responsibilities of all doctors.
• General Medical Council (2020). Decision making and consent
• Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2020) Good practice service delivery standards for the management of children referred for child protection medical assessments
• Scottish Government (provisional for 2020) Revised Guidance for Joint Investigative Interviews
• Scottish Government (2011) Guidance on joint investigative interviewing of child witnesses in Scotland
• Scottish Government (2021) Framework for Risk Assessment Management and Evaluation (FRAME) with children aged 12-17.
• Scottish Government (2021) Clinical Pathway for Children and Young People who have disclosed sexual abuse.
• Scottish Government (2020). Supporting adults who present having experienced rape or sexual assault

References: Part 4

Poverty

• BASW (2019) Anti Poverty Practice Guide for Social Workers.
• Bernard, Claudia A.. 2019. Recognizing and Addressing Child Neglect in Affluent Families. Child and Family Social Work, 24(2), pp. 340-347.
• Bywaters, P., Bunting, L., Davidson, G., Hanratty, J., Mason, W., McCartan, C., and Steils, N. (2016). The Relationship between Poverty, Child Abuse and Neglect: An Evidence Review. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
• De Agostini P, Hudson N (2019) Child poverty in Scotland: forecasting the impact of policy options. Scottish Parliament April 2019.
• Elliott M, Child Welfare Inequalities in a Time of Rising Numbers of Children Entering Out-of- Home Care, The British Journal of Social Work,bcz154
• Featherstone, B., Gupta, A., Morris, K.M. (2016) Let's stop feeding the risk monster: towards a social model of 'child protection'. Families, Relationships and Societies.
• Lakind, Davielle & Atkins, Marc. (2018). Promoting positive parenting for families in poverty: New directions for improved reach and engagement. Children and Youth Services Review. 89.
• Local Child Poverty Action Reports (LCPAR) (2018 – 2019)
• Glasgow Indicators Project (2019) Glasgow Centre for Population Health
• McCartan, C., Bunting, L., Bywaters, P., Davidson, G., Elliott, M., & Hooper, J. (2018). A Four-Nation Comparison of Kinship Care in the UK: The Relationship between Formal Kinship Care and Deprivation. Social Policy and Society, 17(4), 619-635
• McCartan, C.; Morrison, A.; Bunting, L.; Davidson, G.; McIlroy, J. Stripping the Wallpaper of Practice: Empowering Social Workers to Tackle Poverty. Soc. Sci. 2018, 7, 193
• McKendrick J (2018) Local Contributions to Tackling Poverty and Inequality in Scotland. Briefing for the Poverty and Inequality Commission.
• Morris, K, Mason, W, Bywaters, P, et al. Social work, poverty, and child welfare interventions. Child & Family Social Work. 2018; 23: 364– 372
• Northern Ireland Department of Health Anti-Poverty Framework (2018).
• Rural Crime Network (2019) Captive and Controlled. Domestic Abuse in Rural areas.
• Rowntree Foundation (2019) Poverty in Scotland 2019
• Scottish Government (2018) Poverty in Rural and Urban Scotland
• Scottish Government 2018: Every Child, Every Chance: tackling child poverty delivery plan 2018-2022.
• Resolution Foundation (2019) Wrong direction: can Scotland hit child poverty targets?
• Turbett C (2019) Rural Social Work in Scotland. IRISS Insight 47.
• University of Stirling (2019) Quarriers Ruchazie Family Resource Centre Evaluation
• What works Scotland (2017): Tackling child poverty: Actions to prevent and mitigate child poverty at the local level. Evidence Review September 2017.

When services find it hard to engage

• Barnard M, Bain C. (2013) Resisting your good intentions: substance‐misusing parents and early intervention to support and monitor children in need. Child and Family Social Work Vol 2o. Issue 2. May 2015. P171-180
• Barter, K. (2008) Building relationships with involuntary clients in Calder, M. C. (2008) (Ed) The Carrot or the Stick? Towards Effective Practice. Lyme Regis: Russell House Publishing
• Broadhurst K, White S, Fish S, Munro E, Fletcher K, Lincoln H (2010) 10 pitfalls in child protection. What research tells us.
• Calder, M. C., McKinnon, M. & Sneddon, R. (2012) National Risk Framework to support the assessment of children and young people. Edinburgh: The Scottish Government.
• Care Inspectorate (2019) Learning from Significant Case Reviews 2015-2018
• Clapton G (2013) Social Work with Fathers. Dunedin. Edinburgh
• Clapton G (2017) IRISS Insight 38 Good practice with fathers in children and family services | Iriss
• Cleaver H, Wattam C and Cawson P: Assessing Risk in Child Protection, London, NSPCC (1998)
• Early Intervention Foundation (2019) Engaging disadvantaged and vulnerable parents An evidence review
• Forrester D, Westlake D and Glynn G (2012) Parental resistance and Social Worker skills. Towards a motivational theory of Social Work. Journal of Child and Family Social Work 2012, 17, pp 118–129. Blackwell.
• Kemp S, Marcenko M, Lyons S, Kruzich J (2014) Children and Youth Services Review. Volume 47, Part 1, December 2014, Pages 27-35
• NSPCC (2014) Disguised compliance: learning from case reviews
• Pattoni L (2012) IRISS Insight Series 16. Strengths-based approaches for working with individuals
• Pellham C/City of London (2018) Report on an Exploration of How Social Workers Engage Neglectful Parents from Affluent Backgrounds in the Child Protection System
• Platt D, Turney D, (2012) eds parental engagement with services when children may be at risk, May 2012 Child and Family Social Work Dendy Platt Volume 17, Issue 2
• Robb L. (2014) Resistance a complex challenge for practice. With Scotland
• Shaheed. F. Engaging resistant, challenging and complex families: Strategic Briefing (2012), Research in practice
• Social Work Inspection Agency (2005) Inspection into the Care and Protection of Children in Eilean Siar
• Strega S, Fleet C, Brown L, Dominelli L,Callaghan M, Walmsley C (2008) Connecting father absence and mother blame in child welfare policies and practice: Children and Youth Services Review, Vol 30,7,pp705-16
• Sudland, C. Challenges and dilemmas working with high‐conflict families in child protection casework. Child & Family Social Work. 2020; 25: 248– 255
• Thoburn J/Making Research Count Consortium (2009) Effective interventions for complex families where there are concerns about, or evidence of, a child suffering significant harm
• UK GOV (2003) The Victoria Climbie Inquiry: report of an inquiry by Lord Laming
• West of Scotland Child Protection Consortium. November (2016). Practitioner Portfolio Working with Resistance: Improving Outcomes for Vulnerable Children and Young People Where There Is Parental Resistance, Non-Engagement or Non-Compliance

Disabled children

• Attensi/NSPCC (2021).Interactive training aid to help adults when they talk with children about abuse.
• Barnardo's Research Report (September 2016) It's not on the Radar: The Hidden Diversity of Children and Young People at Risk of Sexual Exploitation in England
• Challenging Behaviour Foundation (2019). Reducing Restrictive Intervention of Children and Young People
• Childnet (2021) Toolkit for educators to support online safety of young people with Special Educational Needs and Disability (SEND).
• Franklin A, Goff S (2019) Listening and facilitating all forms of communication: disabled children and young people in residential care in England, Child Care in Practice, 25:1, 99-111
• Franklin, A. and Smeaton, E. (2018), Listening to Young People with Learning Disabilities Who Have Experienced, or Are at Risk of, Child Sexual Exploitation in the UK. Child Soc, 32: 98-109
• Franklin A Osborne C (2009)Independent Reviewing Officers' Communicating with Children with Complex Communication Needs. An investigation for DCSF. The Children's Society
• Franklin, A., Brady, G., & Bradley, L. (2020). The medicalisation of disabled children and young people in child sexual abuse: Impacts on prevention, identification, response and recovery in the United Kingdom. Global Studies of Childhood, 10(1), 64–77
• Disability Equality Scotland/Sense Scotland: Welcome to the Inclusive Communication Hub | Inspiring Inclusive Information in Scotland
• Jones C, Stalker K, & Franklin A, Fry D, & Cameron A, & Taylor J. (2016). Enablers of help-seeking for deaf children and children with disabilities following abuse and barriers to protection: a qualitative study: Enabling protection of deaf and disabled children. Child & Family Social Work
• Marchant R, Turner S (2017) 'Opening Doors': best practice when a young child might be showing or telling you that they are at risk
• McNeilly, P Macdonald, G Kelly, B (2017) The participation of parents of disabled children and young people in Health and social care decisions. Child Care, Health and Development, Nov 2017, Vol.43(6), pp.839-846
• Miller D, Brown J (2014) 'We have the right to be safe': protecting disabled children from abuse: main report. [London]: NSPCC
• NSPCC (2019) Parents' and carers' views on how we can work together to prevent the sexual abuse of disabled children
• Prynallt-Jones K, Carey M, Doherty P, Barriers Facing Social Workers Undertaking Direct Work with Children and Young People with a Learning Disability Who Communicate Using Non-Verbal Methods, The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 48, Issue 1, January 2018, Pages 88–105
• Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists. Factsheets on speech and language therapy | RCSLT
• Scottish Government (2018) Communication equipment and support
• Scottish Government (2011) Principles of inclusive communication
• Scottish Government (2019) Disabled children and their families – rights and resources:
• Scottish Parliament (2019) Transitions of young people with service and care needs between child and adult services in Scotland.
• Taylor J, Cameron A, Jones C, Franklin A, Stalker K, Fry D (2015) Deaf and disabled children talking about child protection: University of Strathclyde, University of Edinburgh; CCFAR; NSPCC
• Taylor J., Stalker K, Stewart A. (2016) Disabled Children and the Child Protection System: A Cause for Concern. Child Abuse Rev., 25: 60– 73
• Verlinden, Karla & Urbann, Katharina & Scharmanski, Sara. (2016). Preventing Sexual Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities – Evaluation Results of a Prevention Training for University Students. International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Education (IJTIE). 5. 859

Parents with learning disabilities

• Aberlour/Parenting Across Scotland/SCLD No Place Like Home.
• Best beginnings: support for parents with learning disabilities:
• Budd A Signs of Safety in England: report on Signs of Safety Model in Child Protection. London: NSPCC) and Barnardos, Ilford. www.signsofsafety.net
• Coren E, Ramsbotham K, Gschwandtner M. Parent training interventions for parents with intellectual disability. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 13;7(7): CD007987
• Equalities and Human Rights Commission/Scottish Human Rights Commission (2017) Disability Rights in Scotland.
• Equality and Human Rights Commission Scotland
• Family Rights Group (2018) Care Crisis Review: Factors contributing to national increases in numbers of looked after children and applications for care orders
• Gudkova T, Hedlund M, Midjo Turid. (2019). Supporting children of parents with intellectual disability: A scoping review. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities..
• McGaw S Parenting Assessment Manual. www.pillcreekpublishing.com/pams_more.html
• Morgan P, Goff A. Assessment of parents with learning disabilities. Norfolk Area Child Protection Committee.
• People First:
• Scottish Commission for Learning Disabilities Statistics:
• Stewart A, McIntyre G, McGregor S. (2016) Scottish Commission for Learning Disabilities. (2016)
• Stewart A, McIntyre G (2017) Parents with learning disabilities IRISS Insight 37.
• Tarleton, B., Turney, D (2020) Understanding 'Successful Practice/s' with Parent with Learning Difficulties when there are Concerns about Child Neglect: the Contribution of Social Practice Theory Child Ind Res 13, 387–409 (2020)
• Tarleton B, Tilbury N (2018) Assessing parents with learning difficulties. Chapter 13 in Platt D, Horwath J (eds) The Child's World 3rd edition
• Theodore T, Foulds D, Wilshaw P, Colborne A, Nga Yu Lee J, Mallaghan L, Cooper M, Skelton J (2018) 'We want to be parents like everybody else': stories of parents with learning disabilities, International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 64:3, 184-194
• University of Bristol: Working Together with Parents Network. Resources

Legal and policy references

• Part 12 of the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 places a duty on local authorities to secure services for children at risk of becoming looked after
• Good practice in situations where child protection proceedings are necessary is outlined in Scottish Good Practice Guidelines for Supporting Parents with Learning Disabilities - SCLD, Glasgow
• Keys to Life Implementation Framework 2019-2021 states: "Protect the rights of people with learning disabilities to become parents, addressing the need to provide effective, early and on-going support to keep families together…"
• Better Health Better Care: vulnerable parents, including those with learning disabilities, require additional support.
• United Nations (2006) Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities

Children experiencing and affected by mental health problems

• Asmussen K, Fischer F, Drayton E, McBride T (2020). Adverse childhood experiences: What we know, what we don't know, and what should happen next, Early Intervention Foundation.
• Audit Scotland (2018) Children and Young Peoples Mental Health in Scotland
• Barnardo's (2019) Care In Mind Paper 1 Rejected Referrals: Looked After Children and Care Leavers' Access to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
• Skinner G, Duschinsky R, Bywaters P(2020). The 'Toxic Trio' (domestic violence, substance misuse and mental ill-health): how good is the evidence base?. Children and Youth Services Review. 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105678
• Blaustein, M. & Kinniburgh, K. (2018). Treating traumatic stress in children and adolescents: How to foster resilience through attachment, self-regulation, and competency, Second Edition. New York: Guilford Press.
• Fegert, J.M., Stötzel, M. Child protection: a universal concern and a permanent challenge in the field of child and adolescent mental health. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 10, 18 (2016)
• Fitzpatrick S, Bramley G (2019) Hard Edges. New conversations about severe and multiple disadvantage. Lankelly Chase Foundation
• Macintyre, A.K. & Karadzhov, D. (2019) Mapping selective prevention and promotion interventions for the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people from vulnerable groups: A rapid overview. London: Barnardo's
• Mental Health Foundation/Scottish Refugee Council (2016) Refugees, mental health, and stigma in Scotland:
• Mental Welfare Commission (2019)
• Mental Welfare Commission (2018) The right to advocacy
• Mental Welfare Commission (2017) Rights in Mind. A pathway to patient's rights in mental Health services
• Mental Welfare Commission (2017) LGBT inclusive mental health services
• NHS Education Scotland (2019a) National Trauma Training Framework
• NHS Education Scotland (2019b) Sowing Seeds': Trauma Informed Practice for Anyone Working with Children and Young People
• NHS Education Scotland (2021). NES - Early Intervention Framework - Home (nhs.scot)
• NHS Health Scotland (2018) National Suicide Prevention Strategy
• Norah Fingscheidt (2019) SYSTEMSPRENGER/Systemcrasher (film) 606 Distribution.
• Parkinson J (2012). Mental Health indicators for children and young people NHS Education Scotland
• SCIE (2017) Improving mental health support for our children and young people
• Scottish Government (2016) Suicide Prevention Action Plan
• Scottish Government (2020) Scottish Government . Mental health legislation and guidance in Scotland Mental health: Legislation and guidance - gov.scot (www.gov.scot)
• Scottish Government (2021) Mental Health Strategy Report 2017-2027
• Social Work Scotland (2021) Connections for wellbeing & contact framework - Social Work Scotland
• Couper S Mackie P (2016) 'Polishing the Diamonds' Addressing Adverse Childhood Experiences in Scotland. Scottish Public Health Network
• Scottish Government (2018) Carers Charter. Your rights as an adult carer or young carer in Scotland
• Scottish Government (2017) Mental Health Strategy 2017-2027
• Scottish Government (2019) Children and Young People Mental Health Taskforce
• Recommendations. (Appendix 2 GGC Healthy Minds Framework)
• Winston's Wish:

Suicide and self-harm

• Appleby L et al (2017) Suicide by Children and Young People. National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. University of Manchester. HealthCare Quality Improvement
• Choose Life Suicide Prevention in Scotland
• Edmondson, Amanda & Brennan, Cathy & House, Allan. (2015). Non-suicidal reasons for self-harm: A systematic review of self-reported accounts. Journal of Affective Disorders
• Evans R, White J, Turley R, Slater T, Morgan H, Strane H, Scourfield J (2017) Comparison of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt and suicide in children and young people in care and non-care populations: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence. Children and Youth Services Review. Volume 82, November 2017, Pages 122-129
• Fuller J, Hennessy C, Rigby P (2014) A Retrospective Review of Risk Factors for Suicide in Looked After and Accommodated Children in Glasgow Case File Analysis. City of Glasgow Child Protection Committee/University of Stirling.
• Furnivall J (2013). IRISS Insight 21. Understanding suicide and self-harm amongst children in care and care leavers.
• IRISS (2019) Secure Care and Suicide Prevention.
• NHS Health Scotland (2019) The art of conversation: A guide to talking, listening and reducing stigma surrounding suicide. The Art of conversation includes sections on the myths and the signs of suicide, spotting the signs and helping, and advice on starting difficult conversations. It aims to help the reader to be a good listener, details training courses and includes other available resources that are in place across Scotland and the rest of the UK.
• NHS Health Scotland (2017) Supporting people bereaved by suicide. A practical, positive approach to supporting people who have been bereaved by suicide and to supporting the professionals who respond to a death by suicide.
• NHS Scotland/Choose Life (2016) National guide on suicide prevention in rural areas. A two-part evidence-informed guide that aims to assist local areas to plan suicide prevention interventions in rural areas. The planning tool needs to be used in conjunction with the reference document, which sets out the evidence-based approach and case study examples.
• NHS Health Scotland/Choose Life (2018) Guidance on action to reduce suicides at locations of concern in Scotland. A location of concern has been defined as 'a specific, usually public, site which is frequently used as a location for suicide and which provides either means or opportunity for suicide'. This guidance recognises the need for a range of agencies working in partnership.
• Choose Life/Tayside Multi-agency Guidance (2012) Supporting children and young people at risk of self-harm and suicide.
• Flood S (2019) Understanding self-harm among children and adolescents. Research in Practice. Dartington.
• National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2018). Self-harm and suicide prevention competence framework: children and young people
• NSPCC (2019) Suicidal thoughts in children:
• NSPCC (2019) Self Harm: spotting the signs and what you can do.
• Rodway, Cathryn et al. Suicide in children and young people in England: a consecutive case series The Lancet Psychiatry, Volume 3, Issue 8, 751 – 759
• Scottish Government (2018) The National Suicide Prevention Plan: Every life matters.
• Thomlinson K and Sarah Morton (eds) (2014) A sign that something is wrong?: Young people talking about self-harm. Centre for Research on Families and Relationships l Briefing 74 l October 2014
• University of Manchester (2017) Suicide by Children and Young People
• World Suicide Prevention Week (2019) resources

Helpful links

• Breathing Space:
• Mental Health Foundation
• Mental Welfare Commission
• Samaritans:
• Scottish Association for Mental Health
• See Me Scotland
• Young Minds

Neglect and emotional abuse

• Alderman, A. (2018). Screening for social determinants of health in clinical care: moving from the margins to the mainstream. Public Health Reviews 39:19
• Allnock, D (2016) 'Child neglect: the research landscape' in Gardner R ed Tackling Child Neglect, Research, Policy and Evidence – Based Practice, London: JKP
• Bernard C (2016) An Exploration of How Social Workers Engage Neglectful Parents from Affluent Backgrounds in the Child Protection System. Goldsmiths College/UL
• Bhavna Singichetti, K. B. (Sept 23rd 2019). Screening for Social Determinants of Health: A Systematic Review. USA: Pediatrics 2019, 144
• Burgess C Whitfield E Daniel B/University of Dundee/University of Stirling (2013). Action on Neglect: a resource pack
• Bilson A (2018): submission to BASW Adoption Inquiry. (Research paper from author).
• Brandon, M, Glaser, D., Maguire, S., McRory, E., Lushey, C., and Ward, H (2014) Missed opportunities: indicators of neglect – what is ignored, why, and what can be done? Department for Education. DFE-RR404
• Brandon, M., Bailey, S., Belderson, P. and Larsson, B (2014) The role of neglect in serious case reviews, Child Abuse Review, 223,4, 235-245
• Brandon M (2013) Responses to concerns about child maltreatment: a qualitative study of GPs in England, BMJ Open, e003894
• Bywaters, P., L Bunting, G Davidson, Hanratty, J (2016) The relationship between poverty, child abuse and neglect: an evidence review, JRF careinspectorate.com
• Bywaters et al/Nuffield: Child Welfare Inequalities Project (www.coventry.ac.uk/CWIP)
• Bywaters et al (2018) Looking After Children in the UK — Convergence or Divergence? British Journal of Social Work (2018) 48, 1176–1198
• Care Inspectorate: triennial review of learning from Significant Case Reviews 2015-18 (Care Inspectorate 2019)
• Care Inspectorate: Review of findings from joint inspections services for children and young people 2012-17 (Care Inspectorate 2019)
• CELCIS A programme of improvement to address neglect and enhance wellbeing
• Cossar J, Brandon M and Jordan P (2016) You've got to trust her and she's got to trust you': children's views on participation in the child protection system, Child and family Social Work Volume 21, Issue 1, 103–112
• Department for Education (2016) Characteristics of Children in Need: 2018-2019
• Daniel B, Scott J, Burgess C & Mulley K (2016) Noticing and Helping Neglected Children in Scotland: 'sometimes it's just too hard to talk', Research Policy and Planning, 32 (1), pp. 11-23.
• Department for Education (2020) Complexity and challenge: a triennial analysis of SCRs 2014- 2017 (Department for Education, 2020)
• Gardner R, Cuthbert C (2016) Special issue on child neglect – research, policy and practice across a devolved United Kingdom – an overview of the field Research, Policy and Planning (2016) 32(1), 3-10
• Gibson M (2016) Constructing pride, shame and humiliation as a mechanism of control, Children and Youth Services Review, 70,120-128.
• Gilbert R. Widom CS, Brown K, Fergusson D, Webb F and Johnson S. (2009). Burden and consequences of maltreatment in high income countries. Lancet, 373, pp: 68-81
• Greater Manchester multi agency Neglect Screening Tool (2018)
• Featherstone B, Gupta, Morris, White (2018) Protecting Children. A Social Model. Policy Press
• Harnett P et al (2018) Assessing Capacity to Change in High-Risk Pregnant Women: A Pilot Study. Child Abuse Review Vol. 27: 72 –84 (2018) Published online 3 October 2017 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/car.2491
• Horwath J (2016) 'Making a difference to the neglected child's lived experience' in Gardner R ed Tackling Child Neglect, Research, Policy and Evidence-Based Practice, London: JKP
• Hill L, Fowler N, Porter R/CELCIS (2019) A review of the implementation of Part 12: Children at risk of becoming looked after
• CELCIS, Supporting Families (2019)
• FitzPatrick S, Bramley G/Lankelly Trust (2019) Hard Edges (Scotland) Report. Heriot Watt University
• Mason W; Bywaters P (2016) Poverty, child abuse and neglect: patterns of cost and spending Families, Relationships and Societies, Volume 5, Number 1, March 2016, pp. 155-161(7)
• NICE (2019) Child abuse and neglect
• Farmer E et al (2018). An evidence informed framework for return home practice, NSPCC:
• NHS Education Scotland (2021). NES - Early Intervention Framework - Home (nhs.scot)
• Northamptonshire Safeguarding Children Board (2016). Neglect Toolkit: Guidance for Practitioners
• OFSTED/HMICFS/Care Quality Commission/HMIProbation: (2018) Growing up neglected: a multi-agency response to older children (180023) UK Gov.
• OFSTED (2011) Edging away from care.
• Oxfordshire neglect website and toolkit
• Pithouse, Andrew Joseph and Crowley, Anne 2016. Tackling child neglect: key developments in Wales. Research Policy and Planning 32 (1), pp. 25-37
• Platt D, Riches K, (2016) C Change Manual. University of Bristol. Adapted (2017) with Helm D University of Stirling
• Radford L, Corral S, Bradley C, Fisher, H., Bassett C, Howat N, Collishaw, S. (2011). Child abuse and neglect in the UK today. London: NSPCC
• Research in Practice: Serious Case Reviews:
• Rees G, Stein m, Hicks L, Gorin S. (2011) Adolescent Neglect – Research Policy and Practice, London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
• Rees Centre (2017) Children's social care innovation programme: final evaluation report, London: Department for Education
• Scottish Government (2018) Protecting Children: Review of section 12 of the Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act 1937 and section 42 of the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009
• Scott J Daniel B/Scottish Government (2018) Child Neglect in Scotland Rapid review of legislation and policy. Centre for Child Wellbeing and Protection, University of Stirling
• Scottish Children's Reporters Administration. Statistical Analysis (2018-19)
• Scottish Government (2018) Rights respect and recovery. (Health improvement/alcohol and drug strategy.)
• Scottish Government (2019) Support for children on the edge of care: Statutory Guidance on Part 12 of the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014
• Scottish Public Health Network (2016) 'Polishing the Diamonds' Addressing Adverse Childhood Experiences in Scotland.
• Sharley, V (2020). Identifying and Responding to Child Neglect within Schools: Differing Perspectives and the Implications for Inter-Agency Practice. Child Ind Res 13, 551–571
• courses to give multi-agency training and support around child neglect. Social Care Institute for Excellence (2018) SCIE:
• Smith E, Johnson R, Anderson T, Belton E, Kyriacou S, Hodson D (2019) Evaluating the Graded Care Profile 2: Comparisons with the Original Tool and Factors Affecting Uptake and Use of the Updated Tool. Child Abuse Review. Vol.28:4.
• Srivastava, O.P. & Polnay, L. (1997) Field trial of graded care profile (GCP) scale: a new measure of care. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 76, pp. 337–340. Implementation of Graded Care Profile (2) (Smith et al NSPCC 2018)
• Taylor, J Brandon M, Hodson D, Haynes A (2016) Child neglect: policy, response and developments in England Research, Policy and Planning (2016) 32(1),39-51
• Woodman, J Gilbert, R., Allister J, Glaser, D and Ward, H., Brown, R. and Hyde-Dryden, G. (2014) Assessing Parental Capacity to Change when Children are on the Edge of Care: An overview of current research evidence. London: Department for Education.
• Taylor J, Brandon M, Hodson D, Haynes A (2016) Child neglect: policy, response and developments in England Research, Policy and Planning (2016) 32(1),39-51
• Thomas C. (2013) Neglect and parental substance misuse. Department for Education
• University of Stirling (2018) Tackling Child Neglect in Scotland
• Voluntary Health Scotland(2017) Gold star exemplars: community linkworker approach
• Wilkinson J Bowyer S/Department for Education (March 2017) The impacts of abuse and neglect on children; and comparison of different placement options: Evidence review. Research in Practice
• WHO (2012) Social determinants of Health.

Domestic abuse

• Association of Local Authority Chief Housing Officers, the Chartered Institute of Housing, the Scottish Federation of Housing Associations, Shelter Scotland and Scottish Women's Aid (2019) Domestic abuse: a good practice guide for social landlords
• BASW (2020) Domestic Abuse and Child Welfare: a practice guide for social workers.
• Bentovim A, Cox A, Bingley-Miller L, Pizzey D (2009) Safeguarding children living with trauma and family violence. Jessica Kingsley
• Bifulco, Antonia (2019) The long-term effects of childhood neglect or abuse. Implications for child and family services in the UK. Papers of Social Pedagogy, 12 (2). pp. 57-78.
• COSLA (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Supplementary National Violence Against Women Guidance.
• Iriss (2020) Adolescent to parent violence and abuse
• Joint protocol between Police Scotland and the Crown Office & Procurator Fiscal Service (2019) 12-19
• CRFR – Domestic Abuse Domestic Abuse and Gender Inequality: An overview of the current debate
• Domestic Abuse (Scotland) Act 2018.
• Children and Young People's Commissioner (Scotland)/Scottish Women's Aid (2018) Power up, Power Down: Voices of Children and Young People affected by domestic abuse in court ordered contact.
• Dodsworth L: One Thousand Words.
• Donagh B (2020) From Unnoticed to Invisible: The Impact of COVID-19 on Children and Young People Experiencing Domestic Violence and Abuse Child Abuse Review Volume 29, Issue 4 July/August 2020 Pages 387-391
• IMPACT project, Barnardo's Scotland, Scottish Women's Aid, Rape Crisis Scotland and the Scottish Youth Parliament (2018)Everyday Heroes. Themed reports.
• Humphreys C, Healey L & Mandel D (2018): Case Reading as a Practice and Training Intervention in Domestic Violence and Child Protection, Australian Social Work, DOI: 10.1080/0312407X.2017.1413666
• Healey, L., Humphreys, C., Tsantefski, M., Heward-Belle, S., & Mandel, D. (2018). Invisible practices: Intervention with fathers who use violence (Research report, 04/2018). Sydney, NSW: ANROWS
• James E (2020) Not just Collateral Damage. The hidden impact of domestic abuse on children. Barnardos.
• Katz E, Nikupeteri A, Laitinen, M (2020) When Coercive Control Continues to Harm Children: Post-Separation Fathering, Stalking and Domestic Violence. Abuse Review, DOI: 10.1002/car.2611
• Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) 2011, signed by UKGov 2012:
• NHS Education Scotland (2019)Trauma Informed Resources: Opening Doors and Sowing Seeds Animations.
• National and Rural Crime Network (2019): Captive & Controlled Domestic Abuse in Rural Areas.
• North Lanarkshire NHS Mothering through domestic abuse:
• Ormston R Mullholland C,Setterfield L.
• Safe and Together Institute (2020): companion document: the Safe and Together model and domestic abuse perpetrator programmes
• The Safe & Together Model
• Online learning and resources:
• Pain R and Scottish Women's Aid (2012) Everyday Terrorism: How Fear Works in Domestic Abuse. Durham University
• Pain R (2019) Chronic Trauma. Newcastle University/ESRC
• Radford, L, Richardson Foster, H, Hargreaves, P & Devaney, J 2019, Research Review: Early Childhood and the 'Intergenerational Cycle of Domestic Violence'. NSPCC, London.
• Rogers, M, Parkinson, K. Exploring approaches to child welfare in contexts of domestic violence and abuse: Family group conferences. Child & Family Social Work. 2018; 23: 105–112
• Safe Lives/Scottish Government (2020) Domestic abuse awareness raising tool: www.daart.scot
• Safe Lives (2019) Multi agency risk assessment meetings: Scotland resources.
• Safe Lives (2019) Dash. Risk assessment Guidance (Scottish Version)
• Scottish Children's Reporter Administration (2019) Statistical Analysis 2018-19
• Scottish Government (2010) What does gender have to do with violence against women?
• Scottish Government VAWG Unit/Safe Lives (2020): Domestic Abuse Awareness Raising Tool (online/free): An introduction to legislation, coercion and control
• Scottish Women's Aid (2019): Participating in Equally Safe in the Highlands and Islands.
• Scottish Government (2016) Equally Safe: Scotland's strategy to eradicate violence against women-
• Scottish Government (2016) Caledonian System Evaluation: Analysis of a programme for tackling domestic abuse in Scotland September 2016
• Scottish Government (2020) Improving Housing Outcomes for women and children experiencing domestic abuse
• Smith, J, Humphreys, C. (2019) Child protection and fathering where there is domestic violence: Contradictions and consequences. Child & Family Social Work. 2019; 24: 156–163
• Watson D/IRISS (2017): Domestic abuse and child protection: women's experience of Social Work intervention. IRISS Insight 36.
• Zero Tolerance:

Parental alcohol and drugs

• Adley M/DrugWatch UK (2017) www.thedrugswheel.com
• Barlow J, Sembi S, Petrou S, Parsons H, Harnett P (2018) Parents Under Pressure: a programme for families with parental substance misuse. An evaluation of impact, process and cost effectiveness (RCT)
• Black C (2020) Review of Drugs – evidence relating to drug use, supply and effects, including current trends and future risks. UK Government.
• CELCIS (2016) Concurrency: planning for all outcomes.
• Cleaver, H., Unell, I. and Aldgate, J. (2011) Children's needs: parenting capacity: child abuse: parental mental illness, learning disability, substance misuse, and domestic violence (PDF). London: The Stationery Office (TSO)
• Coram Policy and Research Team(2013)Concurrent Planning research outcomes
• Dawe, Sharon; McMahon, Thomas J. Child Abuse Review. Jul/Aug 2018, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p261-265. How does FDAC Succeed with Parents with Substance Misuse Problems?
• Davies D/Scottish Parliament (2017) SPICe briefing. Drug Misuse
• Department for Education. (2017) Evaluation of Pause Programme. Children's Social Care Innovation Programme Evaluation Report 49.
• Audit Scotland (2019) Drug and alcohol services: An update
• FASD National Hub Resources and Helpline:
• Fetal Alcohol Advisory and Support Team' (FAAST, –
• Harnett P. Capacity to Change in High-Risk Pregnant Women: A Pilot Study. Child Abuse Review Vol. 27: 72 –84 (2018)
• Lloyd, M. Poverty and Family Reunification for Mothers with Substance Use Disorders. Child Abuse Review. Jul/Aug 2018, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p301-316
• Morris K, Hughes N, Clarke H, Tew J, Mason P, Galvani S, L&l Lucy Loveless, Becker S, Burford G (2008) Think Family: A literature review of whole family approaches. Cabinet Office, London
• NHS Scotland Information Services (2019). Drug Prevalence Report Information Scotland (2019) NHS Scotland (2019) 'Ready Steady baby' Health information resource
• NSPCC: parental substance and alcohol misuse
• Platt D, Riches K & Helm D (2016) C-Change Capacity to Change Assessment Manual – Scottish Version. Bristol: University of Bristol. www.capacitytochange.org.uk
• Scottish Drugs Forum: research links:
• Public Health England (2018) Addressing the impact of non-dependent parental substance misuse upon children. A rapid review of the evidence of prevalence, impact and effective interventions
• Scottish Government (2018) Alcohol framework
• Scottish Government (2018) Rights, Respect and Recovery
• Scottish Government/COSLA 2019: The Framework to Reduce the Use of and Harm from Alcohol and Drugs
• Scottish Government (2019) Young Carers Support:
• Smith L/IRISS (2017) Parental substance misuse and Social Worker intervention.
• Stover, Carla S.; Carlson, Melissa; Patel, Sarika; Manalich, Raquel. Where's Dad? The Importance of Integrating Fatherhood and Parenting Programming into. Child Abuse Review. Jul/Aug 2018, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p280-300
• UK Government (December 2018) Safeguarding children affected by parental substance misuse.
• UK Government (September 2019): Alcohol and drug misuse prevention and treatment guidance
• Welch V, Gadda A, Jones C, Young E, Lerpiniere J/CELCIS (2015) Chance4Change Evaluation: Supporting birth mothers after adoption
• Whittaker A (ed)/NHS Lothian. (2014) Getting it right for children and families affected by parental alcohol and drug misuse. Substance Misuse Directorate,
• World Health Organization/Babor T et al (2001) Alcohol Screening Tool (AUDIT) and Guidelines for use in primary care (2nd edn) WHO/MSD/MSB/01.6a

Physical abuse, equal protection and restraint

• Appleton J, Sidebotham (eds) (2020) Abusive Head Trauma: Recognition, Response and Prevention. Child Abuse Review. May-June 2020
• British Dental Team (2016). Child protection and the dental team.
• Children and Young People's Commissioner Scotland (2018) No Safe Place. Restraint and Seclusion in Scotland's Schools.
• Davidson J, McCullough D, Steckley L, Warren T (eds) (2013) Holding Safely Refreshed Guide for residential care managers and practitioners about physically restraining children and young people. SWIA/Scottish executive/SCRCC
• Equalities and Human Rights Commission (2019) Human rights framework for restraint: principles for the lawful use of physical, chemical, mechanical and coercive restrictive interventions
• Heilmann A, Kelly Y, Watt R (2015) Equally Protected? A review of the evidence on physical punishment pf children
• HM Government (2019) Reducing the Need for Restraint and Restrictive Intervention. Children and young people with learning disabilities, autistic spectrum conditions and mental Health difficulties in Health and social care services and special education settings
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2017) Child maltreatment: when to suspect child maltreatment in under 18s.
• Restraint Reduction Network and Training Standards:
• National Institute of Clinical Excellence guidance (NICE) Clinical Guideline 89 (October 2017) www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG89
• Steckley L, Catharsis, Containment and Physical Restraint in Residential Child care, The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 48, Issue 6, September 2018, Pages 1645–1663
• CELCIS/Steckley L Physical Restraint in Residential Child Care:
• Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2018) Child Protection Evidence Reviews

Severe obesity

• NHS Scotland (2019) Standards for the delivery of tier 2 and tier 3 weight management services for children and young people in Scotland

Child sexual abuse

• Ali N, Butt J, Phillips M/CSA Centre (2021) Improving responses to the sexual abuse of Black, Asian and minority ethnic children (csacentre.org.uk)
• Centre of Expertise on Child Sexual Abuse: resources
• Centre of Expertise on Child Sexual Abuse: supporting parents
• Ellis K (2020) Blame and Culpability in Children's Narratives of Child Sexual Abuse. Child Abuse Review (open access).Vol 28.6
• Fisher C, Goldsmith A, Hurcombe R, Soares C. (2017) The impacts of child sexual abuse: A rapid evidence assessment. Independent Inquiry in to Child Sexual Abuse.
• Baker H, Miller P, Starr E, Witcombe-Hayes S, Gwilym C (2019) 'Let children know you're listening' NSPCC.
• Burrows N, Horvath T (2013) The rape and sexual assault of men. Literature review. Survivors UK
• Franklin A, Brown S, Brady G (2018) The Use of Tools and Checklists to Assess the Risk of Child Sexual Exploitation: Lessons from UK Practice, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27:8, 978-997
• Galloway, S., Love, R. and Wales, A. (2017) The right to recover: therapeutic services for children and young people following sexual abuse: an overview of provision in the West of Scotland. London: NSPCC
• Laws, S., and Hall, G. (2019) Addressing Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: Improvements in Understanding and Practice. Child Abuse Rev., 28: 399– 404
• Hackett, S. (2010). Children, young people and sexual violence. In: Barter, C. and Berridge, D. (Eds) Children behaving badly? Exploring peer violence between children and young people. London: Blackwell Wiley
• HM Government (2021) Tackling Child Sexual Abuse Strategy
• Kwhali J, Martin L, Brady G, Brown S, Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: Knowledge, Confidence and Training within a Contemporary UK Social Work Practice and Policy Context, The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 46, Issue 8, December 2016, Pages 2208–2226
• Lefevre M, Hickle K, Luckock B, 'Both/And' Not 'Either/Or': Reconciling Rights to Protection and Participation in Working with Child Sexual Exploitation, The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 49, Issue 7, October 2019, Pages 1837–1855
• Lewis R, Literature review on children and young people demonstrating technology-assisted harmful sexual behaviour, Aggression and Violent Behaviour, Volume 40, 2018, Pages 1-11
• Lovett J, Coy M, Kelly L (2018) Deflection, denial and disbelief: social and political discourses about child sexual abuse and their influence on institutional responses. A rapid evidence assessment. London Metropolitan University
• Mathews, B., & Collin-Vézina, D. (2019). Child Sexual Abuse: Toward a Conceptual Model and Definition. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(2), 131–148
• Nelson, S. (2016) Tackling Child Sexual Abuse: Radical approaches to prevention, protection and support, Bristol: Policy Press
• NICE/SCIE (2018) Therapeutic interventions after abuse and neglect A quick guide for practitioners and managers
• NSPCC Letting the Future in: therapeutic programme
• NSPCC (2020) Child Sexual Abuse: learning from serious case reviews. Summary briefing.
• Scottish Government (2020) Harmful sexual behaviour by children and young people: Expert Group report
• Allardyce S, Yates P (forthcoming 2020) Sibling sexual abuse knowledge and practice overview. Centre of Expertise on Child Sexual Abuse/Home Office

Child sexual exploitation

• Barnardo's (2014) Guidance on Child Sexual Exploitation: resource pack
• Centre of expertise on Child Sexual Abuse (CSA Centre): 7 principles in use of tools to assess child sexual exploitation.
• Barnardo's (Scotland) (2021) Complex Abuse and Exploitation Risk Approach (CAERA) Development Project. Findings on Professional, Young People and Parent/Carer Consultations
• Barnardo's Policy Briefing 183: "It's Not on the Radar: The hidden diversity of children and young people at risk of sexual exploitation in England"
• Berelowitz, S. et al (2012) "I thought I was the only one. The only one in the world." The Office of the Children's Commissioner's inquiry in to child sexual exploitation in gangs and groups: interim report (PDF). London: Office of the Children's Commissioner
• Brown, S., et al. (2017) The use of tools and checklists to assess the risk of child sexual exploitation: an exploratory study (PDF). London, Centre of Expertise on Child Sexual Abuse
• Carpenter, J. Et al. (2016) Letting the Future In: a therapeutic intervention for children affected by sexual abuse and their carers: an evaluation of impact and implementation. London: NSPCC.
• Education Scotland CSE resources:
• Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., et al (2017) "Everyone deserves to be happy and safe": a mixed methods study exploring how online and offline child sexual abuse impact young people and how professionals respond to it. London: NSPCC.
• Home Office (2020) Characteristics of group-based child sexual exploitation in the community
• Internet Matters/Youth works (2020) Look at Me: teens, sexting and risk report
• Internet matters/Youthworks (2019) Vulnerable Children in a Digital World. Vulnerable children in a digital world report | Internet Matters
• Henderson G, Kurlus I, Parry R, Baird N; Dagon D, Kirkman M (2020) Sexual exploitation of children involved in the Children's Hearings System. Scottish Children's Reporter Administration/Barnardo's Scotland
• National Autistic Society: Safeguarding children with autism.
• Lefevre M, Hickle K, Luckock B, Ruch G. 2017. Building trust with children and young people at risk of child sexual exploitation: The professional challenge. The British Journal of Social Work 47(8): 2456– 2473
• Radford L (2018) review of international survey methodology on child sexual abuse and child sexual exploitation. Connect Centre for International Research on Interpersonal Violence, University of Central Lancashire
• Scottish Children's Reporter Administration /Barnardo's Scotland (2020) Sexual exploitation of children involved in the Children's Hearings System
• Scottish Government (2016) Child Sexual Exploitation: Definition and Practitioner Briefing Paper:
• Scottish Government (2017) Child Sexual Exploitation A Guide for Health Practitioners.
• Scottish Government (2019) Key Messages for Young People on Healthy Relationships and Consent. A resource for professionals working with young people
• Scottish Government/Police Scotland (2020 forthcoming) Child sexual exploitation disruption toolkit

A child concerned about risk of sexual abuse or exploitation should consider contacting:

• Childline on 0800 1111 or online at
• The Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOP) to make an online report
• Police Scotland: call 101 (or in an emergency 999)
• Parentline Scotland: 0800 028 2233 or email parentlinescotland@children1st.org.uk. Parentline's opening hours are from 9am-10pm (Mon-Fri) and 12 noon-8pm (weekends).
• 24 hour NSPCC helpline: 0808 800 5000
• Local authority children's services:
• Crimestoppers: 0800 555 111

Advice and support for parents, carers and professionals:

• Thinkuknow
• Childnet
• Internet Matters
• NSPCC
• 5Rights
• Respectme
• UK Safer Internet Centre

Internet enabled sexual offending

• Bentley, H., O'Hagan, O., Raff, A., & Bhatti, I. (2016). How safe are our children? NSPCC. London
• Brennan, M., Perkins, D., Merdian, H., Tyrrell, E., Babchishin, K., McCartan, K., & Kelly, R. (2019) Best practice in the management of online sex offending UK.
• DeMarco J, Sharrock S, Crowther T and Barnard M (2018) Behaviour and Characteristics of Perpetrators of Online-facilitated Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation
• May-Chahal C, Palmer E, Dodds S, Milan S (2018) Characteristics and vulnerabilities of victims of online-facilitated child sexual abuse and exploitation. Rapid Evidence Assessment. University of Lancaster
• Independent Inquiry in to Sexual Abuse: will report (2020) on internet service providers, online platforms, relevant ICT companies and regulatory framework
• UK Government (2019) Online harms research publications
• Wager N, Armitage R et al (2018) Quantifying the extent of online sexual abuse. University of Huddersfield
• https://learning.nspcc.org.uk/services-children-families/letting-the-future-in/
• What works for children's social care: evidence review (2019). Therapeutic interventions for children who have experienced trauma through abuse and neglect.
• Rape Crisis: Deaf Access to Support.
• Police Scotland/Social Work Scotland (2020); Joint Investigative Interviewing: trauma informed practice training materials
• Scottish Government (forthcoming) Revised Guidance for Joint Investigative Interviews

Links:

• Stop It Now! (Scotland) work to prevent child abuse happening, whether online or in person.
• Think U Know: guidance and resources for professionals, families and children.
• More detailed guidance developed in England for child protection assessments in situations such as these can be found at: London Safeguarding Children's Board (2010) London guidelines for assessing children and families affected by adults viewing child sexual abuse images on the Internet.

Harmful sexual behaviour by children

See also references on Serious harmful behaviour by children above and below aged 12

• Allardyce S, Yates P (2021) Sibling sexual abuse: A knowledge and practice overview (
• Allardyce, S. and Yates, P. (2018) Working With Children and Young People who Have Displayed Harmful Sexual Behaviours, Dunedin Press, Edinburgh
• Chaffin, M., Letourneau, E. & Silovsky, J. F. 2002. Adults, adolescents, and children who sexually abuse children: A developmental perspective. (2nd ed.). In: Myers, J. E. B., L. Berliner, J
• Briere, C.T. Hendrix, C. Jenny & Reid, T. A. (eds.) The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
• Firmin C. 2017. Abuse between Young People: A Contextual Account.Routledge. London.
• Hackett, S. 2010. Children, young people and sexual violence. In: Barter, C. & Berridge, D. (eds.) Children Behaving Badly. West Sussex: Wiley
• Hackett, S. 2014. Children and Young People with Harmful Sexual Behaviours, Dartington, Research in Practice
• Hackett, S., Branigan, P. and Holmes, D. (2019) Harmful sexual behaviour framework: an evidence-informed operational framework for children and young people displaying harmful sexual behaviours. 2nd ed. London: NSPCC
• Hallett S, Deerfield K, Hudson K (2020) The Same but Different? Exploring the Links between Gender, Trauma, Sexual Exploitation and Harmful Sexual Behaviours. Child Abuse Review 28.6.
• Hollis, V., Belton, E. & Team, N. E. 2017. Children and Young People who Engage in Technology- Assisted Harmful Sexual Behaviour. London: NSPCC
• Scottish Government/C Dyer (2020) Report of an Independent Expert Group on Preventing Sexually Harmful Behaviour by Children and Young People
• Scottish Government/Social Work Scotland/Police Scotland (2020) Joint statement: Early andeffective intervention (EEI) - Social Work Scotland
• Simpson S,Vaswani (2015) The use of Safer Lives in Scotland with young people displaying sexually harmful behaviours. CYCJ

Online safety/child protection in the digital environment

• Department for Education (2018) Education for a Connected World: Guidance on online safety relevant to all staff.
• Internet Watch Foundation: resources and useful links relating to eating disorders, chatroom safety, support organisations, computer crime, counselling, cyberbullying, fraud, gaming, gore sites, grooming, harmful content, hate crime, human trafficking, stalking, legal issues, mobile phone operator codes of practice, online safety for children and their families, online terrorism and reporting, phishing, photographs of children, rating and filtering, revenge porn, school safety advice, spam, suicide websites, victim support
• South West Grid for Learning: resources, training, tools and links:
• South West Grid for learning: professionals online safety helpline
• Think U Know:
• UK Safer Internet Centre: resources; helpline; pupil powered e-safety
• UK Safer Internet Centre: research highlights
• UPSTREAM: Children and Young People in the online world.

Under-age sexual activity

• Scottish Government (2019) Key Messages for on Healthy Relationships and Consent. Resource for professionals.
• Scottish Government (2017) Equally Safe Delivery Plan
• Brook Sexual Behaviours Traffic Light Tool (13-17) Guidance:
• respectme, Scotland's anti-bullying

Pre-birth assessment and support

• Barlow, J., Ward, H. and Rayns, G. (2020) 'Risk assessment during the prenatal period' in Howarth J. and Platt, D. The Child's World (Third Edition), London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
• Barlow J, Rayns G, Lushey C, Ward, H (2014). Risk assessment pre-birth: a practice model. NSPCC/Department for Education
• Biehal N, Cusworth L, Hooper J, Whincup H, Shapira M (2019). Permanently Progressing? Building secure futures for children in Scotland. University of Stirling
• Critchley A (2018) Key Issues in Pre-birth Child Protection: What can be done to strengthen policy and practice? Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.
• Critchley, A. (2019). Jumping Through Hoops: Families' Experiences of Pre-birth Child Protection. Chapter 8 in Murray, L, McDonnell, L., Hinton-Smith, T., Ferreira, N. and Walsh, K. (Eds.) (2019). Families in Motion: Ebbing and Flowing Through Space and Time, pp. 135 – 154
• Critchley, A. (2018) Pre-birth Child Protection. Insight 42. Glasgow: Iriss.
• Henderson, G & Hanson, L (2015) SCRA Research report: Child protection orders, Stirling: SCRA
• National Health Education Scotland ( 2021) Foetal Alcohol Spectrum interactive training aid. Register at Home | Turas | Learn (nhs.scot)
• Raab M, McIntyre C,McGhee J(2020) Infants born into care in Scotland: initial findings. Scottish Centre for Administrative Data Research
• Rose S, Hampson S. (2019) Safe to Say: time to respond. Support to survivors of childhood sexual abuse with perinatal Health problems. Scottish Government/Open Hand Productions
• Scottish Government (2011) Pathway to Care for Vulnerable Families (0-3)
• Scottish Government (2016) Pregnancy and Parenthood in Young People Strategy 2016-2026
• Scottish Government (2019) Perinatal infant mental Health delivery plan 2019-2021.
• Scottish Government (2020) "Someone to talk to and Someone to listen": supporting young pregnant women and young parents to remain in school
• Scottish Government (2019) Becoming breast feeding friendly Scotland
• UNICEF (2017) Breastfeeding in Scotland/Baby friendly standards:
• NHS Scotland / Scottish Government (2021) Getting maternity services right for young parents Maternity services for young parents | Turas | Learn (nhs.scot)

Children looked after away from home

• Allcock A (2019) Healing environments for children who experience trauma. IRISS ESSS Outline
• Alper J, Howe, D (eds) (2016) Assessing Adoptive Parents, Foster Carers and Kinship Carers, Second Edition: Improving Analysis and Understanding of Parenting Capacity. Jessica Kingsley. London
• Bywaters P et al (2017): Identifying and Understanding Inequalities in Child Welfare Intervention Rates: comparative studies in four UK countries. Briefing Paper 4: Scotland. Nuffield Foundation.
• Care Inspectorate (2018) Matching Looked After Children and Young People: Admissions Guidance for Residential Services
• CELCIS (2018) Child protection and permanence system map.
• CELCIS: Issues that affect looked after children, care leavers, or those on the edge of care.
• CELCIS: Corporate Parenting links
• City of Edinburgh Council (2014). Keeping in touch. City of Edinburgh Council – Contact guidance – Keeping in Touch
• ClanChild Law: ClanChildlaw (www.clanchildlaw.org)
• Emond R, McIntosh I, Punch S, Lightowler C. (2013) Children, food and care
• https://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/insights/children-food-and-care
• Family Rights Group: Lifelong Links Scotland. Definition, project and Evidence:
• Independent Care Review (2020) Evidence Framework.
• Jones C, Henderson G (2017) Supporting Sibling Relationships of Children in Permanent Fostering and Adoptive Families. University of Strathclyde
• Jones C, Henderson G, Woods R (2019). Relative strangers: Sibling estrangements experienced by children in out-of-home care and moving towards permanence. Children and Youth Services Review Volume 103, August 2019, Pages 226-235
• Jones C, Henderson G, Woods R. (2017) Sibling birth order, use of statutory measures and patterns of placement for children in public care: Implications for international child protection systems and research. Children and Youth Services Review Vol 82. Nov 2017. Pages 321-328
• Kinship Scot: advice for kinship carers Mentor UK/Scottish Government Murphy C (2018) Balancing rights and risk: How can we get it right for children involved in
  violent behaviour? Centre for Youth and Criminal Justice University of Strathclyde
• Laing S (2019) Recording Practice in Social Work IRISS
• NICE (2018) Therapeutic interventions after abuse and neglect.
• Porter R (2018) Contact Decisions in the Children's Hearings System. SCRA/CELCIS
• Scottish Government (2020), Secure care: pathway and standards
• Scottish Government/Fostering Network (2013) Managing allegations against foster carers and approved kinship carers How agencies should respond.
• Whincup H, Grant M, Burgess C & Biehal N (2019) Decision Making for Looked After Children in Scotland. Insights for policymakers and practitioners. University of Stirling. Stirling.
• Scottish Journal of Residential Child Care:
• Sleep Scotland
• Social Work Scotland/CELCIS/CHS/SASW/TFN (2020): Connections for wellbeing: framework for decision-making about contact during the Covid-19 pandemic

Reunification/return home

• Wilkins M. Farmer E. (2015a) An Evidence-Informed Framework for Return Home Practice. NSPCC/University of Bristol
• Wilkins M. Farmer E. (2015b) How to Implement the Reunification Practice Framework. NSPCC/ University of Bristol
• Taking Care: Practice Framework for Reunification Evaluation report. Hyde-Dryden G, Holmes L, Lawson D and Blackmore J (2015), Loughborough University Centre for Child and Family Research

Preventing repeat removal

• Better Care Network (2019) International Review of Parent Advocacy in Child Welfare: Strengthening Children's Care and Protection Through Parent Participation | Better Care Network
• Broadhurst, K. and Mason, C. (2017). Birth Parents and the Collateral Consequences of Court- ordered Child Removal: Towards a Comprehensive Framework. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 31 (1), pp. 41–59.
• Broadhurst K et al (2017) Vulnerable Birth Mothers and Recurrent Care Proceedings Final Summary Report. Final Main Report
• International Parent Advocacy Network (2020) Parent-Advocacy-Literature-Review-.pdf
• McCracken K et al (2017) Evaluation of Pause Programme. Children's Social Care Innovation Programme Evaluation Report 49 DfE/UoCentral Cost benefit analysis.
• Mitchell M, Critchley A, (2020): Recognition Matters: the value of recognition in child care and protection. Knowledge Exchange and Impact project University of Edinburgh/Napier University/ Edinburgh Family Group Decision Making
• Pause Programme: evaluation and learning:
• Research in Practice: recurrent care resource (2018)
• NSPCC: evaluations of New Orleans Family Intervention Model.
• Welch V, Gadda A, Jones C, Young E, Lerpiniere J/CELCIS (2015): Evaluation of Chance4Change: supporting birth mothers after adoption

Children missing

• All-Party Parliamentary Group on Runaway and Missing Children and Adults (2017). Briefing report on the roundtable on children who go missing and are criminally exploited by gangs
• CELCIS/McIver L, Welch (2018) Just out having a good time? Evaluation of the pilot National Partnership Agreement for Looked After Children who go missing from Residential and Foster Care in Scotland
• Dundee Children and Families Service. Attendance Policy and Procedures. (2020)
• Fyfe, N. R., Stevenson, O., & Woolnough, P. (2015). Missing persons: the processes and challenges of police investigation. Policing and Society, 25(4), 409–425
• Howard League for Penal Reform. (2017). Ending the criminalisation of children in residential care: Briefing one.
• Howard League for Penal Reform (2018) This is our story. Children and young people on criminalisation in residential care.
• Nottingham City Council, NHS Nottingham City CCG and the NCSCB (2017) Rethinking did not attend.
• Scottish Government (2017) National Missing Persons Framework for Scotland
• Scottish Government: home education:
• Scottish Government, Children Missing from Education,
• White, J/NHS Health Scotland (2018) Children's social circumstances and educational outcomes.
• Shalev Greene, K., Hayler, L. & Pritchard, D. Eur J Crim Policy Res (2019). A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand: Evaluating Police Perception of UK Missing Person Definition European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research
• Missing People: Police Scotland works in close partnership with the Missing People Charity which can be called free on 116 000. www.missingpeople.org.uk
• Reunite: support and advice in the context of child abduction www.reunite.org
• Runaway helpline service is for people who are thinking about running away, have already run away or have been away and want to come back. It is a free, confidential, 24 hour service, for calls or texts on 116000 or for email support on 116000@runawayhelpline.org.uk
• Welch V, McIver L (2018) Just Out having a Good Time. Evaluation of the pilot National Partnership Agreement for Looked After Children who go missing from Residential and Foster Care in Scotland

Children abducted across borders – legal references

• The Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Co-operation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Measures for the Protection of Children, 1996 (Hague 1996)
• The Council Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 concerning jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, 2003 (Brussels II or BIIa)
• Under the Hague and European Conventions the Minister for Justice acts as the Central Authority, supported by Scottish Government. The Central Authority for Scotland's role is that of a facilitator and information point between Contracting States, legal representatives and members of the public
• Children and Families Across Borders (CFAB), UK branch of the International Social Service (ISS) network, with partners in 120 countries.

Unaccompanied children and children who may be trafficked

• COSLA (2019) Human Trafficking and Exploitation: Guidance for Scottish Local Authorities
• Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings.
• Clayton S, Gupta A, Willis K (Eds.2019), Unaccompanied minors, identity, care and justice. Bristol: Policy Press
• The Fostering Network/DfE/Refugee Council (2016) Supporting unaccompanied asylum seeking children.
• England and Wales Court of Appeal (2018) BF Eritrea. Judgement approved (2018)
• Home Office(2020) E-learning training for First Responders on referring and identifying potential victims of trafficking or exploitation
• Home Office (2020) Guidance on the Overview of family reunion options in the Immigration Rules
• Home Office (2021) Modern Slavery: Statutory Guidance for England and Wales (under s49 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015) and Non-Statutory Guidance for Scotland and Northern Ireland
• Just Right Scotland:
• Modern Slavery Helpline/UK Serious Violence Strategy 2018/National County Lines Co‑ordination Centre
• The Scottish Guardianship Service.
• Scottish Refugee Council:
• Scottish Government (2021) National Referral Mechanism Toolkit for First Responders in Scotland
• NSPCC National Child Trafficking Advice and Information Line (CTAIL)
• Ramsay A/(2020) Social Work with Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children in Scotland. IRISS Insight Briefing 51.
• Rigby P, Fotopoulou M, Rogers A, Manta A (2018) Responding to unaccompanied minors in Scotland
• Rigby P, Malloch M, Beetham T, Callaghan J (2020) Child trafficking in Scotland. University of Stirling
• Scottish Government (2018) Age Assessment Guidance for Scotland. Age Assessment Practice Guidance for Scotland
• Scottish Government/COSLA/NRPF Network/Just Right Scotland (2019) Migrants' Rights and Entitlements to Local Authority Services and Support
• Scottish Government (2017) Trafficking and Exploitation Strategy
• World Health Organization (2018) Health of Refugee and Migrant Children: technical guidance
• Wroe L Larkin R,Maglajlic R (eds) (2019) Social Work with Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants. Jessica Kingsley. London

Child protection in transitional phases

• A Way Home Scotland Coalition (2019) Youth Homeless Prevention Pathway: Improving Care Leavers Housing Pathways
• ALLIANCE (Scotland)/Scottish Government (2017) Experiences of transitions to adult life and services.
• ARC Scotland/Scottish Transitions Forum/Scottish Government (2017). Principles of Good Transitions (3)
• Child Safeguarding Review Panel (2020) It was hard to escape: Safeguarding children at risk from criminal exploitation:
• McGhee K (2020). Continuing Care and the Welfare Assessment: Practice Note CELCIS, Clan Child Law and Care Inspectorate (2020)
• Police Scotland (2020) Adult Support and Protection Standard Operation Procedure.
• Glasgow Child Protection & Adult Protection Committees (2019) Young Person Support and Protection
• Smith M, Cree V (2018) Social Work as Transitional Practice (c7) in Social Work in a Changing Scotland. Routledge
• Stover C, Carlson M, Patel S, Manalich R (2018) Where's Dad? The Importance of Integrating Fatherhood and Parenting Programming into Substance Use Treatment for Men. Child Abuse Review. Vol 27. Issue 4.

Bullying

• respectme, Scotland's anti-bullying service is funded by the Scottish Government and managed by SAMH (Scottish Association for Mental Health) in partnership with LGBT Youth Scotland.
• Scottish Government (2017) Respect for All: The National Approach to Anti bullying for Scotland's Children and Young People:
• Anti-bullying alliance resources (2020):
• Child exploitation and online protection (CEOP):
• Children Commisioner's Report (February 2019) 'Keeping Children Safe: Improving safeguarding responses to gang violence and criminal exploitation' from Hallsworth S and Young T (2004) Getting Real About Gangs. Criminal Justice Matters (55) 12-13
• Farrer and Co/Firmin C (2017) Peer on peer abuse toolkit. Farrers/University of Bedfordshire
• Child Net Resource (2019)
• Firmin C (2017) Contextual Safeguarding: An overview of the operational, strategic and conceptual framework. University of Bedfordshire.
• NSPCC: Bullying and Cyber bullying.
• Crompton A (2015) Childrens Services Network. Bullying of young people: Recent Research in England and Scotland.
• Five Rights Foundation resources:
• NSPCC Child protection in sport Unit (2017).
• NSPCC (2019) Protecting children from online abuse.
• Scottish Football Association (2017) Child Wellbeing and Protection in Scottish Football.
• Safer Internet Advice Centre:
• Stop Speak Support (2018) online bullying resource:
• Susan Turner Boyle J, Hunter S, Turner S (2005): Bullying; imbalance of power; bullying versus peer aggression; repeated versus 'one-off' incidents; intent. Annual Conference of Educational Psychologists in Scotland
• Young Minds Resource:

Hate Crime

• Hamad R (2019). Working with people who commit hate crime. IRISS Insight 50
• Hate Crime Scotland: advice and resources
• Police Scotland/BEMIS (2018) Hate Crime Conference Learning Outcomes
• Walters M,Brown R, Wiedlitzka S (2016), Causes and Motivations of Hate Crime University of Sussex Equality and Human Rights Commission Research report No. 102

Serious harmful behaviour by children above and below aged 12

See also references on Harmful sexual behaviour by children

• Centre for Youth and Criminal Justice (2021)
• Scottish Government (2021) Framework for Risk Assessment Management and Evaluation (FRAME) with children aged 12-17
• Scottish Government (2021 forthcoming) Ministerial Guidance on The Age of Criminal Responsibility (Scotland) Act (2019)

Vulnerability to being drawn in to terrorism

• Education Scotland resources:
• HMGovernment (2021) Prevent Multi-Agency Panel Duty Guidance: Protecting people vulnerable to being drawn into terrorism (publishing.service.gov.uk)
• Thornton A. Bouahana N (2017) Preventing Radicalization in the UK:
• Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, Volume 13, Issue 3, September 2019, Pages 331–344,
• Bhatt, C. (2017) 'Human rights activism and salafi-jihadi violence' in The International Journal for Human Rights Available at:
• Department for Education (2017) Safeguarding and Radicalisation. United Kingdom: HMSO. Available from:
• UK Government (2018) CONTEST. UK Strategy for Countering Terrorism:

Complex investigations

• Bentley, H. O'Hagan, O, Raff, A. & Bhatti, I. (2016) How Safe Are Our Children? NSPCC: London.
• Boarding Schools Association (2019) Supporting Victims and Survivors of Abuse (Scotland).
• Child trafficking Advice Centre (CTAC):
• Creighton SJ. 1993. Organized abuse: NSPCC experience. Child Abuse Review 2: 232– 242. DOI: 10.1002/car.2380020405
• HMIC (2013) Review in to allegations and intelligence regarding Jimmy Savile.
• International Organisation for Migration: UK research and publications relevant to human trafficking:
• National Association of Independent Schools/The Association of Boarding Schools (2018) Prevention and Response Recommendations for Independent School Leaders from the Independent School Task Force on Educator Sexual Misconduct.
• National FGM Centre: resource: What is child abuse linked to faith or belief?
• Nelson S (2016) Tackling Child Sexual Abuse. Radical Approaches to Prevention, Protection and Support. Policy Press
• Radford l, Dodd S, Barter C, Stanley N, Akhlaq A (2017) The abuse of children in care in Scotland: A research review. University of Lancaster.
• Salter M. 2012. The role of ritual in the organised abuse of children. Child Abuse Review 21: 440– 451. DOI: 10.1002/car.2215
• Schröder J, Nick S, Richter-Appelt H, Briken P, Psychiatric Impact of Organized and Ritual Child Sexual Abuse: Cross-Sectional Findings from Individuals Who Report Being Victimized, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10.3390/ijerph15112417, 15, 11, (2417), (2018)
• Sidebotham P, Appleton J, Understanding Complex Systems of Abuse: Institutional and Ritual Abuse, Child Abuse Review, 21, 6, (389-393), (2013).
• Williams S (2016) Promoting Best Practice. Learning Safeguarding Lessons from Recent Serious Case Reviews. Boarding Schools Association

Female genital mutilation

• Education Scotland resources:
• Female Genital Mutilation (Protection and Guidance) (Scotland) Bill;
• MacFarlane A et al. (July 2015). Prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation in England and Wales: National and local estimates (PDF). London
• Prohibition of Female Genital Mutilation (Scotland) Act 2005
• Scottish Government's Responding to Female Genital Mutilation Multi Agency Guidance (2017)
• Scottish Government (forthcoming, statutory) Guidance on Female Genital Mutilation (Protection and Guidance) Bill
• Scottish Refugee Council policy and research:
• Sara's Story www.fgmaware.org
• UNICEF's website on Female Genital Mutilation.

Support and advice

• AFRUCA
• Amina Muslim Women's Resource Centre
• Daughters of Eve
• Hemat Gryffe Womens' Aid:
• Forward
• Karma Nirvana
• Kenyan Women in Scotland Association
• One Scotland Website
• Rape Crisis
• Scottish Women's Aid
• Shakti Women's Aid
• Women's Support Project
• Sahelyia

Forced marriage

• Forced Marriage (Protection and Jurisdiction) (Scotland) Act 2011
• Forced Marriage Statutory Guidance (revised 2014) Further revision forthcoming.
• Scottish Government (2017) Understanding Forced Marriage in Scotland
• Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act (2014) – Part 10
• Chantler K, Baker V, Mackenzie M, McCarry M, Mirza N/Scottish Government (2017) Understanding Forced Marriage in Scotland:
• Scottish Government Forced Marriage Support
• Scotland's domestic abuse and forced marriage helpline
• One Scotland: Forced marriage advice
• UK Government (Home Office and Commonwealth Forced Marriage Unit)

Fabricated and induced illness

The documents referenced below, while providing useful guidance on how agencies should respond when concerns are raised about fabricated or induced illness, are written for practitioners in England and Wales and would need to be considered within a context of Scottish legislation and processes.

• HM Government (2008) Safeguarding Children in whom illness is fabricated or induced: supplementary guidance to Working Together to Safeguard Children.
• Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2021), Perplexing Presentations (PP)/Fabricated or Induced Illness (FII) in children - guidance

Sudden unexpected child death

• Child Safeguarding Review Practice Panel (2020) Out of routine: A review of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) in families where the children are considered at risk of significant harm (publishing.service.gov.uk)
• Healthcare Improvement Scotland: SUDI Professional Guidance.
• Child Protection Guidance.
• Professional Guidance
• Police SUDI Guidance:
• Royal College of Pathologists/The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (2016) Sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood Multi-agency guidelines for care and investigation
• Sidebotham P in Duncan JR, Byard RW, eds. (2018) SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future. c12: Preventive Strategies for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome - PubMed (nih.gov)

Cultural and faith communities

• Bernard C, Harris, P(eds). 2016. Safeguarding Black Children: Good Practice in Child Protection. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84905-569-7
• Church of Scotland: Safeguarding resources:
• Henderson G, Wood R, Kurlus I (2017). An exploration of ethnic minority communities' understanding and awareness of child protection and the Children's Hearings System in Scotland
• Glasgow Indicators Project (2019)
• UK Government (2003) Victoria Climbie, Report of an Inquiry by Lord Laming
• Muslim Council of Scotland/Engage Me: Safeguarding Children (2017)
• National Records of Scotland (2018) Internal Migration in Scotland, year ending June 2018
• One Scotland: Resources
• https://scilt.org.uk/Library/StatisticsonlanguagesinScotland/tabid/2914/Default.aspx
• Oakley L, Kinmond K, Humphreys J, Dioum M (2019) Safeguarding Children who are Exposed to Abuse Linked to Faith or Belief. Volume 28, Issue 1 January/February 2019 Pages 27-38.
• Scottish Catholic Church Safeguarding Service:
• Scottish Refugee Council (2019) Family Integration Practice Guide.
• Scotland's domestic abuse and forced marriage helpline.
• NSPCC Safeguarding videos for faith communities (2018)
• Stop it Now (2019) Upstream Project and website:

Defence community

See Appendix G for armed forces key contacts.

• Burgh, T. D., White, C., Fear, N., & Iversen, A. (2011). The impact of deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan on partners and wives of military personnel. International Review of Psychiatry, 23, 192-200
• Cederbaum, J., Gilreath, T., Benbenishty, R., Astor, R., Pineda, D., DePedro, K., et al. (2013). Wellbeing and Suicidal Ideation of Secondary School Students From Military Families. Journal of Adolescent Health, 1-6
• Education Scotland: Children and Young People from Service Families. Professional Resources (2019)
• Fossey, M. (2012). Unsung Heroes: Developing a better understanding of the emotional support needs of service families. Centre for Mental Health. London: Centre for Mental Health.
• Harvey, S., Hatch, S., Jones, M., Hull, L., Jones, N., Greenburgh, N., et al. (2011). Coming home: social functioning and the mental Health of UK Reservists on return from deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. Annals of Epidemiolology, 21 (9), 666-672
• MacManus, D., Jones, N., Wessely, S., Fear, N., Jones, E., & Greenberg, N. (2014). The mental Health of the UK Armed Forces in the 21st century: resilience in the face of adversity. Army Med Corps Journal, 1-6.
• Selous A, Walker J, Misca B, (2020, revised 2021 Living in our shoes summary report (publishing.service.gov.uk)

Child protection in the context of disasters and public emergencies

• Alliance (2019) Alliance Minimum Standards for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action
• Dominelli L (2018) Neglected Families: Developing family-supportive policies for 'natural' and (hu)man-made disasters. In: Eydal GB & Rostgaard T (eds.) Handbook of Family Policy. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 363-375.
• 2020 Vision: Hear Me, See Me, Support Me and Don't Forget Me paper, Carers Scotland Trust (2020)
• David H (2013) The British Journal of Social Work, Volume 43, Issue 3, April 2013, Pages 504– 521, Contextual Challenges for Crisis Support in the Immediate Aftermath of Major Incidents in the UK
• Newburn T (1993) Disaster and After: Social Work in the aftermath of a disaster. Jessica Kingsley. ISBN 1853021709
• Dumfries and Galloway Regional Council (1989) Lockerbie: A Local Authority Response to the Disaster
• HM Government (1997): The Public Inquiry into the Shootings at Dunblane Primary School (1996) The Government Response. ISBN 0 10 133922 4.
• Home Office (2000) Recovery: An Emergency Management Guide.
• Hull A, Alexander D, Klein S (2018) Survivors of the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster: long-term follow-up study. Cambridge University Press
• Scottish Government Resilience Hub:
• Scottish Government (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19): Supplementary Child Protection Guidance.
• Social Work Scotland/CELCIS/CHS/SASW/TFN (2020): Connections for wellbeing: framework for decision-making about contact during the Covid-19 pandemic
• The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)