Heat in Buildings: progress report 2026

Annex A: summary of data sources

Department for Energy Security and Net Zero:

Annual domestic energy bills: Statistical dataset providing annual estimates of gas and electricity bills, along with statistics on household expenditure on fuel (data split by region).

Annual and quarterly non-domestic energy bills: Quarterly and annual gas and electricity prices for the non-domestic sector, including and excluding the Climate Change Levy (CCL), split into consumption size bands (data for the UK - Scotland specific data not available).

Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) data - Domestic and Non-Domestic: These datasets present data from every current domestic and non-domestic EPC assessment held by the Scottish Energy Performance Certificate Register (SEPCR), covering the period from Q4 2013. The SEPCR updates daily overnight, while the published domestic and non-domestic datasets are a snapshot of the register taken at quarterly intervals. EPCs present a range of key environmental data, intended to provide homeowners, tenants and the occupants of non-domestic buildings information on potential energy costs and carbon emissions.

Financial data: Data for previous financial years are not shown because they are not directly comparable. Spend on HNSU resource is not shown due to data collection restrictions.

Green Finance Institute – UK Green Mortgage Products: The Green Finance Institute collects data on the number of green mortgage products offered in the UK.

Heat Networks Metering and Billing Regulations Data: This dataset is compiled from notifications submitted by heat network operators (heat suppliers) to the UK Government’s Office for Product Safety and Standards (OPSS) under the Heat Networks Metering and Billing Regulations. Networks can be district or communal and can serve domestic customers only, non-domestic customers only, or a mixture of the two. Data for each network include (where available):

• number and type of customer supplied
• number and type of building supplied
• capacity, generation and supply values for heating and cooling
• fuel type (e.g. biomass)
• technology used (e.g. heat pump)

Reported figures for every year are estimates based on limited data with quality concerns. Estimates of new domestic connections to heat networks are based on the latest HNMBR data cycle. For 2025 this is based on notification data spanning from 2014-2025 with the latest edition of the dataset only covering the period up to September 2025. This is an incomplete cycle of data (not a full four-year period) and so this may have had an impact on the number of connections reported. Additionally, as the collection of this data was completing due to new Ofgem regulatory work, it is possible that notifications reported reduced and so this may also have impacted on the number of connections above. Figures in this report may be underestimated as new connections to existing heat networks are excluded.

Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Economy (LCREE) Survey: The Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Economy (LCREE) Survey is the primary source of official information on LCREE activity in the UK. It is predominantly an online survey of around 25,000 UK businesses, targeted at industries expected to be undertaking activities relevant to LCREE. Information is collected from businesses which self-identify as operating within LCREE sectors in relation to employment, turnover, imports, exports and capital assets for all LCREE sectors they operate in. Businesses are considered to be active in the LCREE if they provide information on economic performance within 17 predefined LCREE sectors.

Microgeneration Certification Scheme (MCS) Installations Database: The MCS database provides near real-time information on all MCS certified, small-scale renewable installations in the UK. This is understood to cover most heat pump installations in existing domestic properties. However, it will not cover non-certified installations and may include some installs in new builds and smaller non-domestic buildings.

Non-Domestic Analytics (NDA): NDA provides address-level information about non-domestic properties in Scotland. NDA can be used to gain an understanding of the non-domestic building stock within an area. Data includes building type and use, energy efficiency (including demand for space and water heating), and wider characteristics like floor area. NDA is produced by Energy Saving Trust (EST) on behalf of the Scottish Government. It integrates several non-domestic datasets, including EPCs, to model Scotland’s non-domestic building stock. This is challenging due to considerable variation in the types and purposes of non-domestic properties, as well as a lack of detailed information on their characteristics and poor coverage of existing datasets. For example, around one fifth of properties within NDA dataset have an EPC record. We are continuing to explore options to fill this data gap, including working with key stakeholders to develop and enhance data sources.

We only present the data from the latest version of the dataset (issued in July 2026) because later editions include improvements to the methodology and data sources which means that it is not comparable with previous NDA data.

Renewable Heat Database (RHD): Energy Saving Trust maintains a database of renewable heat installations, known as the Renewable Heat Database, on behalf of the Scottish Government. The database records installations known to be operating and those currently in various stages of development. It contains data on the capacity and yearly heat output of those installations and is updated annually.

The RHD brings together information from MCS, Non-Domestic Renewable Heat Incentive, Combined Heat and Power Quality Assurance Scheme (CHPQA), and other datasets. This is presented as a four-yearly figure because there may be a time delay between installations becoming operational and being captured in the datasets noted above, and an annual figure may not capture changes. The type of property is not always known due to there being information missing in the data sources that feed into the RHD. This means that figures in this report may be an underestimate of the number of non-domestic properties recently installing a heat pump. There are a further 3,000 properties of an unknown type which have a heat pump installed and some of these are likely to be non-domestic.

Scottish Funding Council: data and analysis - Numbers enrolled on Further and Higher Education courses: The Scottish Funding Council (SFC) collects statistics on the number of enrolments at Scottish Colleges and Universities. Data is captured by key characteristics and subject and course details. SFC is a non-departmental public body and is directly accountable to Scottish Government Ministers and the Scottish Parliament.

Scottish Government delivery schemes data: These are data we collect for our delivery schemes in collaboration with delivery partners. We are currently unable to split this data out by tenure for all schemes but we are working on introducing this.

We are continuing to explore ways to improve our reporting across our delivery schemes, and we may therefore update some of the delivery scheme data after this document has published as we continue the process of verification.

Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions Statistics: This is an Official Statistics publication which reports results from the Scottish Greenhouse Gas Inventory, covering the period from 1990. It is published annually in June with around an 18-month lag. It presents information on territorial emissions and is compiled in accordance with guidelines from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Scottish House Condition Survey (SHCS): This is the Scottish Government’s annual national survey looking at the physical condition of Scotland's homes as well as the experiences of householders. The survey fieldwork runs from January to December each year, with the survey now an integrated component of the Scottish Household Survey. The SHCS annual report is based on a representative sample of around 3,000 dwellings. All survey figures are estimates and will contain some error associated with sampling variability. In general, the smaller the sample size, the greater the likelihood that the estimate could be misleading, so we will take care when using smaller subsets of the survey sample for analysis.

Scottish Household Survey: The Scottish Government’s annual, cross-sectional, national survey that provides robust evidence on the composition, characteristics, attitudes and behaviour of private households and individuals as well as evidence on the physical condition of Scotland’s homes.

Skills Development Scotland Statistics - Numbers training in Modern Apprenticeships: Skills Development Scotland collects statistics on the number of Modern Apprenticeships (MA). The MA statistics are based on those where there is a public funding contribution administered by SDS, on behalf of the Scottish Government.

Social Housing Net Zero Heat Fund: The SHNZHF records the datapoint ‘measures installed’ based on the full completion of a project, in the financial year it was completed. The data reported in Indicator 4.1.1A is based on the most up to date reporting from completed projects, which is done on a regular cycle and is a requirement for funding, and is therefore subject to change.

‘Other measures’ includes smart solar controls, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, storage heater smart controls, heating controls and thermostatic radiator, draught proofing, hot water cylinder jackets, hot water tank and pipe insulation, and airtight measures.

‘ZDEH’ includes individual heat pumps, communal heat pump systems (three systems) and high heat retention storage heaters. Biomass is not included as the scheme has not supported any installations of this measure.