Publication - Research and analysis
Developing essential fish habitat maps: report
The project helped define areas of the sea essential to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity. Twenty-nine species and multiple life-stages were reviewed covering marine fish and shellfish of commercial and ecological importance, relevant to offshore wind development areas.
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Appendix B. List and names of EUNIS habitat types (Level 3 and 4)
Full list of marine EUNIS habitat types considered for the habitat proxy assessment. The list also includes habitats that were excluded a priori from the habitat proxy assessment (highlighted in grey) because considered not relevant to UK inshore areas due to geographical/environmental reasons: N(1), habitats typical of Baltic, Mediterranean, Black Sea or Pontic region; N(2), habitats described as deep offshore or deep sea habitat; N(3), ice-associated habitats.
| EUNIS Habitat type: Code, Name and Level | EUNIS Level 3/4 | Included in the Habitat proxy assessment (Matrix) | Scored (incl.0 score) | Scored (excl.0 score) | Included in EUNIS habitat maps | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Marine habitats (Level 1) | |||||||
| A1. Littoral rock and other hard substrata (Level 2) | |||||||
| A1.1 | High energy littoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.11 | Mussel and/or barnacle communities | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.12 | Robust fucoid and/or red seaweed communities | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.13 | Mediterranean and Black Sea communities of upper mediolittoral rock | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A1.14 | Mediterranean and Black Sea communities of lower exposed to wave action | Level 4 mediolittoral rock very | N(1) | ||||
| A1.15 | Fucoids in tide-swept conditions | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.16 | Pontic communities of exposed mediolittoral rock | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A1.2 | Moderate energy littoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.21 | Barnacles and fucoids on moderately exposed shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.22 | Mussels and fucoids on moderately exposed shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.23 | Mediterranean communities of lower moderately exposed to wave action | Level 4 mediolittoral rock | N(1) | ||||
| A1.24 | Pontic communities of lower mediolittoral rock wave action | Level 4 moderately exposed to | N(1) | ||||
| A1.3 | Low energy littoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.31 | Fucoids on sheltered marine shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.32 | Fucoids in variable salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.33 | Red algal turf in lower eulittoral, sheltered from wave action | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.34 | Mediterranean communities of lower mediolittoral rock action | Level 4 sheltered from wave | N(1) | ||||
| A1.4 | Features of littoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.41 | Communities of littoral rockpools | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.42 | Communities of rockpools in the supralittoral zone | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.43 | Brackish permanent pools in the geolittoral zone | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.44 | Communities of littoral caves and overhangs | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A1.45 | Ephemeral green or red seaweeds (freshwater or sand-influenced) on non- mobile substrata | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.46 | Hydrolittoral soft rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.47 | Hydrolittoral solid rock (bedrock) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.48 | Hydrolittoral hard clay | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.49 | Hydrolittoral mussel beds | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A1.4A | Hydrolittoral peat | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2. Littoral sediment (Level 2) | |||||||
| A2.1 | Littoral coarse sediment | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.11 | Shingle (pebble) and gravel shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.12 | Estuarine coarse sediment shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.2 | Littoral sand and muddy sand | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.21 | Strandline | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.22 | Barren or amphipod- dominated mobile sand shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.23 | Polychaete/amphipod- dominated fine sand shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.24 | Polychaete/bivalve- dominated muddy sand shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.3 | Littoral mud | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.31 | Polychaete/bivalve- dominated mid estuarine mud shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.32 | Polychaete/oligochaete- dominated upper estuarine mud shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.33 | Marine mud shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.4 | Littoral mixed sediments | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.41 | Hediste diversicolor dominated gravelly sandy mud shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.42 | Species-rich mixed sediment shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.43 | Species-poor mixed sediment shores | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.5 | Coastal Saltmarshes and saline reedbeds | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.51 | Saltmarsh driftlines | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.52 | Upper saltmarshes | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.53 | Mid-upper saltmarshes and saline and brackish reed, rush and sedge beds | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.54 | Low-mid saltmarshes | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.55 | Pioneer saltmarshes | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.6 | Littoral sediments dominated by aquatic angiosperms | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.61 | Seagrass beds on littoral sediments | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.62 | Marine Cyperaceae beds | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A2.7 | Littoral biogenic reefs | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.71 | Littoral Sabellaria reefs | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.72 | Littoral mussel beds on sediment | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.8 | Features of littoral sediment | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.81 | Methane seeps in littoral sediments | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A2.82 | Ephemeral green or red seaweeds (freshwater or sand-influenced) on mobile substrata | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A2.83 | Hydrolittoral stony substrata | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A2.84 | Hydrolittoral gravel substrata | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A2.85 | Hydrolittoral sandy substrata | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A2.86 | Hydrolittoral muddy substrata | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A2.87 | Hydrolittoral mixed sediment substrata | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A3. Infralittoral rock and other hard substrata (Level 2) | |||||||
| A3.1 | Atlantic and Mediterranean high energy infralittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.11 | Kelp with cushion fauna and/or foliose red seaweeds | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.12 | Sediment-affected or disturbed kelp and seaweed communities | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.14 | Encrusting algal communities | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.15 | Frondose algal communities (other than kelp) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.2 | Atlantic and Mediterranean moderate energy infralittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.21 | Kelp and red seaweeds (moderate energy infralittoral rock) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.22 | Kelp and seaweed communities in tide-swept sheltered conditions | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.23 | Mediterranean and Pontic communities of infralittoral algae moderately exposed to wave action | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A3.24 | Faunal communities on moderate energy infralittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.3 | Atlantic and Mediterranean low energy infralittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.31 | Silted kelp on low energy infralittoral rock with full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.32 | Kelp in variable salinity on low energy infralittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A3.33 | Mediterranean submerged fucoids, green or red seaweeds on full salinity infralittoral rock | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A3.34 | Submerged fucoids, green or red seaweeds (low salinity infralittoral rock) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.35 | Faunal communities on low energy infralittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.36 | Faunal communities on variable or reduced salinity infralittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.4 | Baltic exposed infralittoral rock | Level 3 | N(1) | ||||
| A3.5 | Baltic moderately exposedinfralittoralrock | Level 3 | N(1) | ||||
| A3.6 | Baltic sheltered infralittoral rock | Level 3 | N(1) | ||||
| A3.7 | Features of infralittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.71 | Robust faunal cushions and crusts in surge gullies and caves | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.72 | Infralittoral fouling seaweed communities | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.73 | Vents and seeps in infralittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A3.74 | Caves and overhangs in infralittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4. Circalittoral rock and other hard substrata (Level 2) | |||||||
| A4.1 | Atlantic and Mediterranean high energy circalittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.11 | Very tide-swept faunal communities on circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.12 | Sponge communities on deep circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.13 | Mixed faunal turf communities on circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.2 | Atlantic and Mediterranean moderate energy circalittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.21 | Echinoderms and crustose communities on circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.22 | Sabellaria reefs on circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.23 | Communities on soft circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.24 | Mussel beds on circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.25 | Circalittoral faunal communities in variable salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.26 | Mediterranean coralligenous communities moderately exposed to hydrodynamic action | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A4.27 | Faunal communities on deep moderate energy circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.3 | Atlantic and Mediterranean low energy circalittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A4.31 | Brachiopod and ascidian communities on circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.32 | Mediterranean coralligenous communities sheltered from hydrodynamic action | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A4.33 | Faunal communities on deep low energy circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.4 | Baltic exposed circalittoral rock | Level 3 | N(1) | ||||
| A4.5 | Baltic moderately exposed circalittoral rock | Level 3 | N(1) | ||||
| A4.6 | Baltic sheltered circalittoral rock | Level 3 | N(1) | ||||
| A4.7 | Features of circalittoral rock | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.71 | Communities of circalittoral caves and overhangs | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.72 | Circalittoral fouling faunal communities | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A4.73 | Vents and seeps in circalittoral rock | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A5. Sublittoral sediment (Level 2) | |||||||
| A5.1 | Sublittoral coarse sediment | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.11 | Infralittoral coarse sediment in low or reduced salinity | Level 4 | N(1) | ||||
| A5.12 | Sublittoral coarse sediment in variable salinity (estuaries) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.13 | Infralittoral coarse sediment | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.14 | Circalittoral coarse sediment | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.15 | Deep circalittoral coarse sediment | Level 4 | N(2) | ||||
| A5.2 | Sublittoral sand | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.21 | Sublittoral sand in low or reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.22 | Sublittoral sand in variable salinity (estuaries) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.23 | Infralittoral fine sand | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.24 | Infralittoral muddy sand | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.25 | Circalittoral fine sand | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.26 | Circalittoral muddy sand | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.27 | Deep circalittoral sand | Level 4 | N(2) | ||||
| A5.3 | Sublittoral mud | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.31 | Sublittoral mud in low or reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.32 | Sublittoral mud in variable salinity (estuaries) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.33 | Infralittoral sandy mud | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.34 | Infralittoral fine mud | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.35 | Circalittoral sandy mud | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.36 | Circalittoral fine mud | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.37 | Deep circalittoral mud | Level 4 | N(2) | ||||
| A5.4 | Sublittoral mixed sediments | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.41 | Sublittoral mixed sediment in low or reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A5.42 | Sublittoral mixed sediment in variable salinity (estuaries) | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.43 | Infralittoral mixed sediments | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.44 | Circalittoral mixed sediments | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.45 | Deep circalittoral mixed sediments | Level 4 | N(2) | ||||
| A5.5 | Sublittoral macrophyte- dominated sediment | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.51 | Maerl beds | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.52 | Kelp and seaweed communities on sublittoral sediment | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.53 | Sublittoral seagrass beds | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.54 | Angiosperm communities in reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.6 | Sublittoral biogenic reefs | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.61 | Sublittoral polychaete worm reefs on sediment | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.62 | Sublittoral mussel beds on sediment | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A5.63 | Circalittoral coral reefs | Level 4 | Y | Y | |||
| A5.7 | Features of sublittoral sediments | Level 3 | Y | Y | |||
| A5.71 | Seeps and vents in sublittoral sediments | Level 4 | Y | Y | |||
| A5.72 | Organically-enriched or anoxic sublittoral habitats | Level 4 | Y | Y | |||
| A6. Deep sea bed (Level 2) | |||||||
| A6.1 | Deep-sea rock and artificial hard substrata | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A6.2 | Deep-sea mixed substrata | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A6.3 | Deep-sea sand | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A6.4 | Deep-sea muddy sand | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A6.5 | Deep-sea mud | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A6.6 | Deep-sea bioherms | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A6.7 | Raised features of the deep-sea bed | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A6.8 | Deep-sea trenches and canyons, channels, slope | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| failures and slumps on the continental slope | |||||||
| A6.9 | Vents, seeps, hypoxic and anoxic habitats of the deep sea | Level 3 | N(2) | ||||
| A7. Pelagic water column (Level 2) | |||||||
| A7.1 | Neuston | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.11 | Temporary neuston layer | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.12 | Permanent neuston layer | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.2 | Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.21 | Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity and short residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.22 | Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity and medium residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.23 | Completely mixed water column with reduced salinity and long residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.3 | Completely mixed water column with full salinity | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.31 | Completely mixed water column with full salinity and short residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.32 | Completely mixed water column with full salinity and medium residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.33 | Completely mixed water column with full salinity and long residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.4 | Partially mixed water column with reduced | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| salinity and medium or long residence time | |||||||
| A7.41 | Partially mixed water column with full salinity and medium residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.42 | Partially mixed water column with full salinity and long residence time | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.5 | Unstratified water column with reduced salinity | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.51 | Euphotic (epipelagic) zone in unstratified reduced salinity water | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.52 | Mesopelagic zone in unstratified reduced salinity water | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.53 | Bathypelagic zone in unstratified reduced salinity water | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.6 | Vertically stratified water column with reduced salinity | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.61 | Water column with ephemeral thermal stratification and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.62 | Water column with seasonal thermal stratification and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.63 | Water column with permanent thermal stratification and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.64 | Water column with ephemeral halocline and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.65 | Water column with seasonal halocline and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.66 | Water column with permanent halocline and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.67 | Water column with ephemeral oxygen stratification and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.68 | Water column with seasonal oxygen stratification and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.69 | Water column with permanent oxygen stratification and reduced salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.7 | Fronts in reduced salinity water column | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.71 | Ephemeral fronts in reduced salinity water column | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.72 | Seasonal fronts in reduced salinity water column | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.73 | Persistent fronts in reduced salinity water column | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.8 | Unstratified water column with full salinity | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.81 | Euphotic (epipelagic) zone in unstratified full salinity water | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.82 | Mesopelagic zone in unstratified full salinity water | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.83 | Bathypelagic zone in unstratified full salinity water | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.9 | Vertically stratified water column with full salinity | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.91 | Water column with ephemeral thermal stratification and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.92 | Water column with seasonal thermal stratification and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.93 | Water column with permanent thermal stratification and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.94 | Water column with ephemeral halocline and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.95 | Water column with seasonal halocline and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.96 | Water column with permanent halocline and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.97 | Water column with ephemeral oxygen stratification and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.98 | Water column with seasonal oxygen stratification and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.99 | Water column with permanent oxygen stratification and full salinity | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.A | Fronts in full salinity water column | Level 3 | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
| A7.A1 | Ephemeral fronts in full salinity water column | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.A2 | Seasonal fronts in full salinity water column | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A7.A3 | Persistent fronts in full salinity water column | Level 4 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| A8. Ice-associated marine habitats (Level 2) | |||||||
| A8.1 | Sea ice | Level 3 | N(3) | ||||
| A8.2 | Freshwater ice | Level 3 | N(3) | ||||
| A8.3 | Brine channels | Level 3 | N(3) | ||||
| A8.4 | Under ice habitat | Level 3 | N(3) | ||||
| X. Habitat complexes (Level 1) | |||||||
| X01 | Estuaries | Level 2 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| X02 | Saline coastal lagoons | Level 2 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| X03 | Brackish coastal lagoons | Level 2 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| X30 | Bentho-pelagic habitats | Level 2 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| X31 | Mosaics of mobile and non-mobile substrata in the littoral zone | Level 2 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| X32 | Mosaics of mobile and non-mobile substrata in the infralittoral zone | Level 2 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| X33 | Mosaics of mobile and non-mobile substrata in the circalittoral zone | Level 2 | Y | Y | Y | ||
| X34 | Anchihaline caves | Level 2 | Y | ||||
Contact
Email: ScotMER@gov.scot
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