Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation: 2009 General Report

Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2009: General Report


4. Employment Domain

4.1. The employment domain identifies the proportion of people from the resident working age population who are unemployed or who are not involved in the labour market due to ill-health or disability. Being out of work is acknowledged to be a key factor of deprivation. As a result, the employment domain contributes significantly to the overall weighting of the SIMD. The indicators used in the employment domain have remained the same over the three versions of the SIMD and are listed in Annex B along with their relative weights. The SIMD 2009 Technical Report includes further information about the indicators used.

4.2. The data used to calculate the domain is from the 2008 calendar year to match with previous employment domains and with other indicators of the SIMD. An analysis of the effect of using more recent data to capture the effects of the economic downturn over the last year is available on the SIMD website (See link in Annex A). This shows that the impact is minimal due to the relative nature of the SIMD.

Changes since SIMD 2006

4.3. The indicators used are the same as for both SIMD 2004 and SIMD 2006. This makes it possible to assess change in terms of both the datazone ranks (relative change), as well as changes in terms of the numbers and distribution of employment deprived people (absolute change).

4.4. The employment domain in SIMD 2009 is very highly correlated with the SIMD 2006 employment domain with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.97.

Employment Deprivation Across Scotland

4.5. The SIMD 2009 shows that across Scotland, 12% of the working age population are employment deprived (373,040 people). Of these, 33% (121,465 people) live in the 15% most employment deprived datazones in Scotland (see Chart 4.1). A third of the working age population in the 5% most deprived datazones are employment deprived, falling to a quarter in the datazones ranked 5-10% most employment deprived and then 22% in the datazones ranked 10-15%.

Chart 4.1: Percentage of working age people who are employment deprived in the SIMD 2004, SIMD 2006, and SIMD 2009, by employment domain vigintiles.

Chart 4.1: Percentage of working age people who are employment deprived in the SIMD 2004, SIMD 2006, and SIMD 2009, by employment domain vigintiles.

4.6. Glasgow City has the highest proportion of employment deprived people with 17% of its working age people in this category (67,890 employment deprived of 388,537 working age people). Aberdeenshire has the least amount of employment deprived people at 6% (9,095 people of 148,042 working age people) (see Table 4.1)

4.7. All local authorities saw numbers of employment deprived decrease, with the highest percentage decrease in the Shetland Islands, by 16% (160 people).

Table 4.1: Percentage of working age people who are employment deprived in the SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009, by Local Authority area.

Local Authority

Employment Deprived People by Local Authority

SIMD 2006

SIMD 2009

Change in No of Deprived 2009 - 2006

Count

% Working Age Population

Count

% Working Age Population

Aberdeen City

13,635

10%

11,915

9%

-1,720

Aberdeenshire

10,335

7%

9,095

6%

-1,240

Angus

6,720

10%

6,075

9%

-645

Argyll & Bute

5,530

10%

5,085

9%

-445

Clackmannanshire

4,670

16%

4,260

14%

-410

Dumfries & Galloway

9,885

11%

9,315

11%

-570

Dundee City

14,915

17%

13,940

16%

-975

East Ayrshire

11,295

15%

10,290

14%

-1,005

East Dunbartonshire

5,245

8%

4,700

7%

-545

East Lothian

5,180

10%

5,020

9%

-160

East Renfrewshire

4,255

8%

3,740

7%

-515

Edinburgh, City of

29,300

10%

27,745

9%

-1,555

Eilean Siar

1,830

12%

1,585

10%

-245

Falkirk

11,855

13%

10,885

12%

-970

Fife

28,240

13%

25,825

12%

-2,415

Glasgow City

76,250

20%

67,890

17%

-8,360

Highland

13,555

11%

12,215

9%

-1,340

Inverclyde

9,535

19%

8,520

17%

-1,015

Midlothian

5,215

11%

4,890

10%

-325

Moray

4,785

9%

4,400

8%

-385

North Ayrshire

13,130

16%

12,135

15%

-995

North Lanarkshire

33,505

17%

29,565

14%

-3,940

Orkney Islands

900

8%

785

7%

-115

Perth & Kinross

6,900

9%

6,435

8%

-465

Renfrewshire

14,750

14%

13,410

13%

-1,340

Scottish Borders

5,560

9%

5,535

8%

-25

Shetland Islands

1,010

8%

850

6%

-160

South Ayrshire

8,550

13%

7,815

12%

-735

South Lanarkshire

26,270

14%

23,285

12%

-2,985

Stirling

5,310

10%

4,935

9%

-375

West Dunbartonshire

9,775

17%

9,030

16%

-745

West Lothian

12,040

12%

11,870

11%

-170

Scotland

409,907

13%

373,040

12%

-36,892

Source: SAPE 2004 ( SIMD 2006) and SAPE 2007 ( SIMD 2009).

Employment Deprivation by Local Authority

4.8. Chart 4.2 shows the spread of the 15% most deprived datazones in the employment domain by Local Authority. Almost half of the datazones in Glasgow are in the 15% most deprived in the employment domain, with a slight decrease in SIMD 2009. Inverclyde has the second highest percentage, but has seen a slightly larger decrease between SIMD 2006 and SIMD 2009. This fall means other areas will see an increase in levels of deprived datazones.

4.9. Between 2006 to 2009, Dundee City and North Ayrshire's proportion of datazones in the 15% most employment deprived has risen the most by 4% each. Glasgow City still has the highest proportion of datazones in the 15% most deprived in this domain at 42% in 2009. The most employment deprived datazone in Scotland is in the Barrowfield area in the East of Glasgow City.

4.10. Within the employment domain, North Lanarkshire had the most datazones moving into the 15% most deprived, at 11 new datazones. In the opposite direction, Glasgow saw 21 of its datazones moving out of the 15% most deprived.

4.11. The five Local Authorities with the highest levels of employment deprivation are Glasgow City, Inverclyde, Dundee City, West Dunbartonshire and North Ayrshire. Clackmannanshire was in this list in SIMD 2006 but has now been replaced by North Ayrshire. Clackmannanshire has seen a fall from 25% of its datazones in the 15% most deprived to 18%.

Chart 4.2: Proportion of datazones in each Local Authority in the 15% most deprived of the employment domain of SIMD 2009

Chart 4.2: Proportion of datazones in each Local Authority in the 15% most deprived of the employment domain of SIMD 2009

Change over time

4.12. There has been no change in the methodology used in the employment domain since SIMD 2004. Therefore, the employment domain can be directly compared with the previous results.

4.13. As shown in Chart 4.1, overall, the number of employment deprived people has decreased across all three SIMDs. The numbers have fallen from 435,037 in SIMD 2004, to 409,907 for SIMD 2006, and to 373,040 people for SIMD 2009. These figures are based on 2002, 2005 and 2008 calendar year data respectively, and so reflect pre-economic recession activity.

4.14. Of the datazones in the 15% most deprived in the employment domain of SIMD 2009, 59% have remained in this category for the past 3 SIMDs. Glasgow City has the highest proportion (37%) of its datazones remaining in the 15% most deprived across the three SIMDs (see Chart 4.3). These are similar patterns to those for the overall SIMD.

Chart 4.3: In the employment domain: Each Local Authority's proportion of datazones that have remained in the 15% most deprived across all three SIMD 2004, 2006, and 2009

Chart 4.3: In the employment domain: Each Local Authority's proportion of datazones that have remained in the 15% most deprived across all three SIMD 2004, 2006, and 2009

4.15. Table 4.2 shows the number of datazones in the 15% most employment deprived by Local Authority across all three versions of the SIMD. Glasgow has seen a drop of over 18% from 2004 to 2009, and along with North Lanarkshire, is the only Local Authority to see a consistent reduction across time. All other Local Authorities have either fluctuated or seen increases.

Table 4.2: Number of datazones in the 15% most deprived on the employment domain by Local Authority

Local Authority

Datazones in 15% most employment deprived

2004

2006

2009

Aberdeen City

9

27

24

Aberdeenshire

2

6

4

Angus

4

7

7

Argyll & Bute

9

9

9

Clackmannanshire

13

16

12

Dumfries & Galloway

10

13

14

Dundee City

47

53

61

East Ayrshire

25

31

29

East Dunbartonshire

3

4

3

East Lothian

0

0

2

East Renfrewshire

7

6

7

Edinburgh, City of

49

57

54

Eilean Siar

0

0

0

Falkirk

22

22

20

Fife

49

67

67

Glasgow City

355

310

289

Highland

10

15

14

Inverclyde

37

46

42

Midlothian

2

1

2

Moray

1

0

3

North Ayrshire

35

36

43

North Lanarkshire

105

80

91

Orkney Islands

0

0

0

Perth & Kinross

1

7

5

Renfrewshire

44

39

44

Scottish Borders

2

2

2

Shetland Islands

0

0

0

South Ayrshire

13

15

18

South Lanarkshire

74

62

57

Stirling

7

6

6

West Dunbartonshire

32

29

31

West Lothian

9

10

16

Scotland

976

976

976

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