Climate Change Plan: third report on proposals and policies 2018-2032 (RPP3)

Footnotes

1. Based on 1990-2015 GHG Inventory.

2. The difference between the Inventory and TIMES is down to Agriculture Related Land Use, which is captured in the Agriculture and Related Land Use Category in the Inventory and in the LULUCF sector envelope in TIMES.

3. The Scottish Government's Purpose http://www.gov.scot/About/Performance/scotPerforms/purpose

4. United Nations Sustainable Development Goals http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

5. This includes the electrification of heat. Currently, around 12% of domestic buildings' heat is supplied using electricity which, over time, will see an increase in the low carbon feedstock.

6. This includes the electrification of heat. Currently, around 50% of non-domestic buildings' heat is supplied using electricity which, over time, will see an increase in the low carbon feedstock

7. Scotland's Economic Strategy, 2015. /publications/scotlands-economic-strategy/

8. According to 2016 ONS figures.

9. Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2009/12/contents

10. The basket of greenhouse gases comprises carbon dioxide ( CO ₂), methane ( CH ₄) and nitrous oxide ( N ₂O), for which the baseline is 1990; and hydrofluorocarbons ( HFCs), perfluorocarbons ( PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride ( SF ₆), and nitrogen trifluoride ( NF ₃), for which the baseline is 1995. Nitrogen trifluoride was added to the greenhouse gas emissions covered by the Act by The Climate Change (Additional Greenhouse Gas) (Scotland) Order 2015.

11. The CCC Advice on the new Scottish Climate Change Bill https://www.theccc.org.uk/publication/advice-on-the-new-scottish-climate-change-bill/

12. The CCC Independent Advice to government on building low carbon economy and preparing for climate change http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0053/00530182.pdf

13. The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/

14. The Stern Review, Final Report http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/independent_reviews/stern_review_economics_climate_change/stern_review_report.cfm

15. High Level Summary of Statistics Trend http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Environment/TrendTemperature

16. Climate Ready Scotland Scottish Climate Change Adaptation Programme http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/05/4669

17. The CCC, Scottish Climate Change Adaptation Programme: An independent assessment for the Scottish Parliament https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Scottish-Climate-Change-Adaptation-Programme-An-independent-assessment-CCC-September-2016.pdf

18. Climate Ready Scotland Scottish Climate Change Adaptation Programme http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/05/4669

19. National Centre for Resilience https://www.readyscotland.org/ready-government/ncr/

20. Local Flood Risk Management Plans https://www.sepa.org.uk/environment/water/flooding/local-frm-plans/

21. Edinburgh Adapts - driving adaptation actions for the capital http://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/get-involved/our-projects/edinburgh-adapts

22. Climate Ready Clyde http://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/get-involved/our-projects/climate-ready-clyde

23. Aberdeen Adapts – an adaptation strategy for Aberdeen https://www.adaptationscotland.org.uk/get-involved/our-projects/aberdeen-adapts

24. UN Sustainable Development Goals http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/

25. Tourism in Scotland, Statistics http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Tourism?utm_source=website&utm_medium=navigation&utm_campaign=statistics-topics

26. Scotland Performs, National Indicators http://www.gov.scot/About/Performance/scotPerforms/indicator/naturalcapital

27. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment https://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.html

28. European Commission, Nature's Role in Climate Change https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/docs/nature_and_climate_change_en.pdf

29. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Managing Ecosystems In The Context Of Climate Change Mitigation: A review of current knowledge and recommendations to support ecosystem-based mitigation actions that look beyond terrestrial forests https://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-ts-86-en.pdf

30. Convention on Biological Diversity, The Aichi Targets https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/default.shtml

31. Scottish Public Bodies Climate Change Reporting https://www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/sustainability-climate-change/sustainable-scotland-network

32. Scottish Public Bodies Climate Change Reporting: Analysis Report 2016-2017 https://www.keepscotlandbeautiful.org/sustainability-climate-change/sustainable-scotland-network/climate-change-reporting/analysis/201617-analysis/

33. Greener Scotland http://www.greenerscotland.org/

34. Transitioning to a Low Carbon Economy - Presentation and Report. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/meetingemissionstargets/climate-change-plan/transitioning-to-a-low-carbon-economy

35. Figures taken from ONS UK Environmental Accounts: Low Carbon and Renewable Energy Economy Survey: 2016 final estimates: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ economy/environmentalaccounts/bulletins/ finalestimates/2016 and Scottish Renewables, Renewables in numbers, 2017 http://www.scottishrenewables.com/sectors/ renewables-in-numbers/

36. Scotland's International Framework, 2017 /publications/scotlands-international-framework-9781788514033/documents/00527955.pdf

37. Scotland's Place in Europe: People, Jobs and Investment, 2018 http://www.gov.scot/publications/scotlands-place-europe-people-jobs-investment/

38. Paris Agreement Article 6 makes provision for linking carbon markets http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf. For more information on the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative ( RGGI), the Western Climate Initiative ( WCI) and other carbon markets operating at international, national and regional level, see the World Bank Report https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/25160/9781464810015.pdf?sequence=7

39. Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/asp/2009/12/contents

40. Scottish emissions targets 2028-2032 http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/scottish-emissions-targets-2028-2032

CCC updated advice on Climate Change (Scotland) Act http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/legislation/CCC-updated-advice

The Climate Change (Annual Targets) (Scotland) Order 2016 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2016/328/contents/made

41. Global Atmosphere – Greenhouse Gas Emissions. High Level Summary of Statistics Trend. http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Environment/TrendGasEmissions

42. The EU Emissions Trading System ( EU ETS) https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en

43. Scottish Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2015 http://www.gov.scot/publications/scottish-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2015//downloads

44. EU ETS, Revision for phase 4 (2021-2030) https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/revision_en

45. The Climate Change (Limit on Use of Carbon Units) (Scotland) Order 2016 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/sdsi/2016/9780111032640

46. Scottish Environment Statistics http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Environment

47. The Climate Change (Limit on Use of Carbon Units) (Scotland) Order 2016 https://www.legislation.gov.uk/sdsi/2016/9780111032640

48. Public Sector Sclimate Change Reporting http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/publicsectoraction/publicsectorreporting

49. Scotland's Energy Strategy, 2017 http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/energystrategy

50. IPCC, Fifth Assessment Report https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/

51. Upgrading our Energy System: Smart Systems and Flexibility Plan, 2017. Ofgem/BEIS: https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/system/files/docs/2017/07/upgrading_our_energy_system_-_smart_systems_and_flexibility_plan.pdf

52. Upgrading our Energy System: Smart Systems and Flexibility Plan, 2017. Ofgem/BEIS: https://www.ofgem.gov.uk/system/files/docs/2017/07/upgrading_our_energy_system_-_smart_systems_and_flexibility_plan.pdf

53. IRENA Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2017

54. Scottish House Condition Survey, 2016 and English Housing Survey, 2016-17, based on SAP 2012.

55. Low Carbon Scotland: Meeting our Emissions Reduction Targets 2013-2027. The Second Report on Proposals and Policies http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2013/06/6387

56. The CCC describes low regrets options as measures to increase energy efficiency and decarbonise heat that are sensible regardless of which long-term options are chosen. ^.

57. This includes the electrification of heat. Currently, around 12% of domestic buildings' heat is supplied using electricity which, over time, will see an increase in the low carbon feedstock.

58. This includes the electrification of heat. Currently, around 50% of non-domestic buildings' heat is supplied using electricity which, over time, will see an increase in the low carbon feedstock

59. UK Clean Growth Strategy, 2017 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/651916/BEIS_The_Clean_Growth_online_12.10.17.pdf

60. Scotch Whisky Association Environmental Strategy http://www.scotch-whisky.org.uk/what-we-do/environmental-strategy/

61. UK Clean Growth Strategy, 2017 https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/651916/BEIS_The_Clean_Growth_online_12.10.17.pdf

62. Energy intensity in the residential sector measures the amount of energy required per household. Therefore, if energy intensity falls this means that on average households are using less energy.

63. Emissions intensity in the residential sector measures the amount of emissions per household. Therefore, if emissions intensity falls this means that on average households are emitting fewer emissions.

64. Energy productivity in the non-domestic sector measures the level of economic activity for each unit of energy being used. Higher energy productivity means more economic activity for each unit of energy being used.

65. Emissions intensity in the non-domestic sector measures the amount of emissions per unit of output. Therefore, if emissions intensity falls this means that fewer emissions are emitted per unit of output.

66. Applying the latest construction sector multiplier (for 2014) from the Scottish Government input-output tables, and deflating 2018 spend to 2014 prices using the GDP deflator.

67. Low Carbon Scotland: A behaviours framework. http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0041/00415744.pdf

68. Climate Change Public Conversation Series; Findings From Climate Conversations, 2017 http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0052/00524893.pdf

69. Excluding adjustments for the EU Emissions Trading System.

70. Scottish Green Bus Fund https://www.transport.gov.scot/public-transport/buses/scottish-green-bus-fund/#

71. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential in the Scottish Transport Sector From Recent Advances in Transport Fuels and Technologies – www.transport.gov.scot/publication/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction-potential-scottish-transport-sector

72. Smarter Choices, Smarter Places – www.transport.gov.scot/our-approach/active-travel/smarter-choices-smarter-places

73. Low Carbon Behaviours – Findings from Climate Change Conversations – www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/climatechange/lowcarbonbehaviours/findings-from-climate-conversations

74. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential in the Scottish Transport Sector From Recent Advances in Transport Fuels and Technologies – www.transport.gov.scot/publication/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction-potential-scottish-transport-sector

75. Scottish Transport Analysis Guide ( Scot-TAG) – www.transport.gov.scot/our-approach/industry-guidance/scottish-transport-analysis-guide-scot-tag

76. ChargePlace Scotland www.chargeplacescotland.org

77. Scotland's National Planning Framework 3, 2014 /publications/national-planning-framework-3/

78. Scotland's Planning Policy, 2014 /publications/scottish-planning-policy/pages/2/

79. European Commission, Reducing CO ₂ emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/heavy_en

80. European Commission, A European Strategy for low-emission mobility http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-16-2497_en.htm

81. Delivering the Goods – Scotland's Rail Freight Strategy – www.transport.gov.scot/publication/delivering-the-goods-scotlands-rail-freight-strategy

82. Delivering the Goods, Scotland's Rail Freight Strategy Scotland Rural Development Programme ( SRDP) 2014‑2020 Stage 2: Final Proposals https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/5362/ts-rail-freight-strategy-a4-aw3.pdf

83. The Scottish Minister's High Level Output Specification for Control Period 6 https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/39496/high-level-output-specification-hlos-for-control-period-6-final.pdf

84. ECO Stars Fleet Recognition Scheme https://www.ecostars-uk.com/

85. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential in the Scottish Transport Sector From Recent Advances in Transport Fuels and Technologies – www.transport.gov.scot/publication/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction-potential-scottish-transport-sector

86. Scottish Transport, Bus Investment Fund https://www.transport.gov.scot/public-transport/buses/bus-investment-fund/#

87. Cleaner Air for Scotland - The Road to a Healthier Future http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/11/5671/14

88. Scottish Transport Statistics http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Transport-Travel/TablesPublications/ScottishTransportStats

89. Cycling Action Plan for Scotland – www.transport.gov.scot/publication/cycling-action-plan-for-scotland-2017-2020

90. Let's get Scotland Walking – The National Walking Strategy – www.gov.scot/Publications/2014/06/5743

91. Transport Scotland, Smarter Choices, Smarter Places https://www.transport.gov.scot/our-approach/active-travel/smarter-choices-smarter-places/#

92. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Potential in the Scottish Transport Sector From Recent Advances in Transport Fuels and Technologies – www.transport.gov.scot/publication/greenhouse-gas-emissions-reduction-potential-scottish-transport-sector

93. Designing Streets – A Policy Statement for Scotland – www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/03/22120652/0

94. The impact of the UK's exit from the European Union on the role of emissions trading is not factored into the Plan, since the UK Government has not yet taken a position on the UK's future relationship with the EU Emissions Trading System. The EU ETS remains a fundamental part of UK and Scottish climate change legislation. Powers exist under the Climate Change Act 2008, to create emissions trading schemes in the UK.

95. European Commission, Carbon Leakage http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/allowances/leakage/index_en.htm

96. The CCC, Scottish Emissions Targets 2028-2032 https://www.theccc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Scottish-Emissions-Targets-2028-2032.pdf

97. Figures for Phase V of the ETS (post-2030), covering the Scottish carbon budget to 2032 are not available, since the EU's contribution to the Paris Agreement is currently only set out to 2030. We can expect further tightening of the ETS cap beyond 2030 to meet the EU's 2050 target of 80% emissions reduction.

98. Scotland's manufacturing action plan https://www.scottish-enterprise.com/knowledge-hub/articles/insight/scotlands-manufacturing-action-plan

99. Scotland's Energy Efficiency Programme ( SEEP) - Phase 2 http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Business-Industry/Energy/Action/lowcarbon/LCITP/SEEP

100. Making Things Last - A Circular Economy Strategy for Scotland http://www.gov.scot/makingthingslast

101. Actions required to develop a roadmap towards a Carbon Dioxide Utilisation Strategy for Scotland. Scottish Enterprise, 2016

102. The EU Emissions Trading System ( EU ETS) https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en

103. The impact of the UK's exit from the European Union on the role of emissions trading is not factored into the Plan, since the UK Government has not yet commenced negotiations with the EU, and has not yet taken a position on the UK's future relationship with the EU Emissions Trading System. The EU ETS remains a fundamental part of UK and Scottish climate change legislation. Powers exist under the Climate Change Act 2008, to create emissions trading schemes in the UK.

104. UK Clean Growth Strategy, 2017 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/clean-growth-strategy

105. Scottish Energy Strategy: The Future of Energy in Scotland http://www.gov.scot/energystrategy

106. Actions required to develop a roadmap towards a Carbon Dioxide Utilisation Strategy for Scotland http://www.evaluationsonline.org.uk/evaluations/Search.do?ui=basic&action=show&id=606

107. Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Opportunities for Growth – A Roadmap for the UK http://www.e4tech.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/UKHFC-Roadmap-Final-Main-Report-171116.pdf

108. Resource Efficient Scotland http://www.resourceefficientscotland.com/

109. Making Things Last: A Circular Economy Strategy for Scotland http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0049/00494471.pdf

110. Charter for Household Recycling http://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/content/charter-household-recycling

111. Resource Efficient Scotland http://www.resourceefficientscotland.com/

112. The Courtauld Commitment 2025 http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/courtauld-commitment-2025

113. The Courtauld Commitment 2025 http://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/circular-economy/investment-fund

114. Scotland and the Circular Economy http://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/sites/default/files/Scotland%20and%20the%20Circular%20Economy%20%28a%20report%20for%20the%20Scottish%20Government%29.pdf

115. 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/

116. Energy and emissions projections https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/energy-and-emissions-projections

117. The increase in the scale of the sink in the LULUCF sector between 2018 and 2020 is due to the alignment of 2015 GHG inventory data to the updated LULUCF projections. This is to ensure that all sectors start from a consistent basis, in line with the 2015 GHGI Inventory.

118. The economic contribution of forestry in Scotland http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/supporting/forest-industries/economic-contribution-report

119. UK Forestry Commission, Forestry Statistics 2017 https://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/Ch2_Timber_FS2017.pdf/$FILE/Ch2_Timber_FS2017.pdf

120. UK Forestry Standard https://www.forestry.gov.uk/ukfs

121. Forestry Commission, Forestry Statistics 2016 https://www.forestry.gov.uk/website/forstats2016.nsf/LUContents/898C4678E271A30980257FE0004B2D20

122. Forestry and Land Management (Scotland) Bill http://www.parliament.scot/parliamentarybusiness/Bills/104491.aspx

123. The Forestry (Environmental Impact Assessment) (Scotland) Regulations 2017 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ssi/2017/113/contents/made

124. The Scottish Forestry Strategy http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/supporting/strategy-policy-guidance/forestry-strategy

125. The Scottish Rural Development Programme ( SRDP) 2014‑2020 http://www.gov.scot/Topics/farmingrural/SRDP

126. Scottish Government, Policy on control of woodland removal http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/supporting/strategy-policy-guidance/woodland-expansion/control-of-woodland-removal

127. The Scottish Plant Health Strategy http://www.gov.scot/Topics/farmingrural/Agriculture/plant/PlantHealth/ScottishPlantHealthStrategy

128. Biodiversity Scotland, The 2020 Challenge for Scotland's Biodiversity http://www.biodiversityscotland.gov.uk/doing/strategy/

129. Forestry Commission Scotland http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/

130. The Woodland Carbon Code www.forestry.gov.uk/carboncode

131. Forestry Commission Scotland, Forestry Grant Scheme http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/supporting/grants-and-regulations/forestry-grants

132. Forestry Commission Scotland, Sheep and Trees http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/supporting/grants-and-regulations/sheep-and-trees

133. Forestry Commission, Carbon Code https://www.forestry.gov.uk/carboncode

134. Forestry Commission Scotland, Timber Development Programme 2014-2015 http://scotland.forestry.gov.uk/images/corporate/pdf/timber-development-programme-report-2014-15.pdf

135. Wood for Good https://woodforgood.com/

136. Modern Timber House https://woodforgood.com/training-and-development/publications/the-modern-timber-house

137. Burrows et al. 2014 http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/761.pdf

138. Burrows et al. 2017 https://risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/researchoutput/assessment-of-blue-carbon-resources-in-scotlands-inshore-marine-protected-area-network(61658325-51d1-4345-803a-e4539a208071).html

139. Smeaton et al. 2016 https://www.biogeosciences.net/13/5771/2016/bg-13-5771-2016.pdf

140. Marine Scotland, Topic Sheet 64, Blue Carbon http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0053/00531293.pdf

141. Scotland's National Peatland Plan https://www.snh.scot/climate-change/taking-action/carbon-management/restoring-scotlands-peatlands/scotlands-national-peatland-plan

142. Agricultural Land Use In Scotland http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Agriculture-Fisheries/agritopics/LandUseAll

143. The difference between the Inventory and TIMES is down to the Related Land Use component of Agriculture which is captured in the Agriculture and Related Land Use category in the Inventory and in the LULUCF sector envelope in TIMES.

144. Historical emissions profiling is based upon the TIMES definition

145. Land Capability for Agriculture in Scotland http://www.hutton.ac.uk/sites/default/files/files/soils/lca_leaflet_hutton.pdf

146. Rural Payments and Services, Beef Efficiency Scheme https://www.ruralpayments.org/publicsite/futures/topics/all-schemes/beef-efficiency-scheme/

147. Scotland's Farm Advisory Service https://www.fas.scot/

148. Monitor Farm Programme http://www.qmscotland.co.uk/monitorfarms

149. Soil and Nutrient Network https://www.sruc.ac.uk/info/120605/soil_and_nutrients/1355/soil_and_nutrient_network

150. Farming For A Better Climate http://www.gov.scot/Topics/farmingrural/Agriculture/Environment/climatechange/Advice

151. Ireland's food and drink sustainability programme, Origin Green https://www.origingreen.ie/

152. Soil and Nutrient Network https://www.sruc.ac.uk/info/120605/soil_and_nutrients/1355/soil_and_nutrient_network

153. ScotEID - Scottish EID Livestock Traceability Research https://www.scoteid.com/

154. Scotland Rural Development Programme ( SRDP) 2014-2020 Stage 2: Final Proposals http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2013/12/7550/291113

155. http://www.parliament.scot/S5_Environment/General%20Documents/20180123_CS_to_Conv_on_Climate_Change_Plan_WEB.pdf

156. The Scottish Government's SEA Database http://www.gov.scot/Topics/Environment/environmental-assessment/sea/SEAG

157. http://www.wrap.org.uk/about-us/about/wrap-and-circular-economy