Fireworks legislation and impacts: international evidence review
Desk-based review of evidence on the impact of fireworks, in the context of international legislation and regulations.
Appendix A: Quality assessment of studies
Table 2: Quality Assessment of Studies
| Author(s) |
Year |
Title |
Location |
Methods |
Theme(s) |
Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ahmad, Z. |
2010 |
Playing with fire and getting burnt-a retrospective analysis of injuries presenting to the emergency department during 'firework season' |
UK |
Retrospective study in emergency departments |
|
|
| Ashcroft, A. |
2018 |
"Remember, remember the fifth of November" - A time now to be forgot? The psychology and politics of remembering and forgetting, celebrating and commemorating |
UK |
Journal article |
|
|
| Azhagurajan, A. and Selvakumar, N. |
2014 |
Impact of nano particles on safety and environment for fireworks chemicals |
India |
Review |
|
|
| The British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons (BAPRAS) |
2018 |
British public support plastic surgeons' call for government to introduce graphic warnings on all firework packaging |
UK |
Press release |
|
|
| Baranyai, E., Simon, E., Braun, M., Tóthmérész, B., PostaIstván, J. and Fábián, I. |
2015 |
The effect of a fireworks event on the amount and elemental concentration of deposited dust collected in the city of Debrecen, Hungary |
Hungary |
Dust samples |
|
|
| Blackwell, E. J., Bradshaw, J. W. S., Casey, R. A. |
2013 |
Fear responses to noises in domestic dogs: Prevalence, risk factors and co-occurrence with other fear related behaviour |
UK |
Structured interviews of pet owners |
|
|
| Bolster, C. |
2014 |
Fireworks are no fun for pets |
UK |
Feature article: review of fear of fireworks in animals and treatments |
|
|
| Camilleri, R., Vella, A.J. |
2016 |
Emission Factors for Aerial Pyrotechnics and Use in Assessing Environmental Impact of Firework Displays: Case Study from Malta |
Malta |
Measurement of emission factors |
|
|
| Canner, J. K., Haider, A. H., Selvarajah, S. et al. |
2014 |
US emergency department visits for fireworks injuries, 2006-2010 |
US |
2006-2010 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample |
|
|
| Cao, X.Y., Zhang, X.L., Tong, D.Q., Chen, W.W., Zhang, S.C., Zhao, H.M., Xiu, A.J. |
2018 |
Review on physicochemical properties of pollutants released from fireworks: environmental and health effects and prevention |
Primarily Asia, also Europe and North America |
Systematic international review |
|
|
| Chan, W.C., Knox, F.A., McGinnity, F.G., Sharkey, J.A. |
2004 |
Serious eye and adnexal injuries from fireworks in Northern Ireland before and after lifting of the firework ban-an ophthalmology unit's experience. |
Northern Ireland |
Analysis of injuries at Department of Ophthalmology in the Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast |
|
|
| Chang, I.T., Prendes, M.A., Tarbet, K.J., Amadi, A.J., Chang, S., Shaftel, S.S. |
2016 |
Ocular injuries from fireworks: the 11-year experience of a US level I trauma center |
US |
Review of fireworks injuries |
|
|
| Clark, R.R. and Watson, S.B. |
2006 |
Pollicisation of the index metacarpal based on the first dorsal metacarpal artery |
UK |
Case study of operations on two fireworks related injuries |
|
|
| Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service |
2019 |
Fireworks related charges between 2002/03 and 2018/19. |
UK |
COPFS data provided on request |
|
|
| Dale, A. R., Walker, J. K., Farnworth, M. J., Morrissey, S. V. and Waran, N. K. |
2010 |
A survey of owners' perceptions of fear of fireworks in a sample of dogs and cats in New Zealand |
New Zealand |
Survey of pet owners |
|
|
| Edwin, A., Cubiso, T., Pape, S. |
2008 |
The impact of recent legislation on paediatric fireworks injuries in the Newcastle upon Tyne region |
UK |
Longitudinal review of fireworks injuries |
|
|
| Ellis, L., McWhirter, C. |
2015 |
Firework Sales Skyrocket as More States Lift Bans |
US |
News article |
|
|
| Epstein, S., Lyons, T.W., Hintza, R., Keys, K.A. |
2018 |
Fireworks Legislation and the Incidence of Severe Fireworks related Injuries in Washington State |
US |
Institutional fireworks injury database |
|
|
| Fulcher, J., Luttrell, H., Harvey, W., Ward, M. |
2015 |
Misuse and Modification of Fireworks With Fatal Injury |
US |
Case study |
|
|
| Gahagan, P. and Wismer, T. |
2012 |
Toxicology of explosives and fireworks in small animals |
US |
Review of different types of materials/chemicals, clinical signs of toxicosis, and their treatment |
|
|
| Gates, M. C., Zito, S., Walker, J. K. and Dale, A. R. |
2019 |
Owner perceptions and management of the adverse behavioural effects of fireworks on companion animals: an update |
New Zealand |
Survey |
|
|
| Gronqvist, G., Rogers, C. and Gee, R. |
2016 |
The Management of Horses during Fireworks in New Zealand |
New Zealand |
Survey |
|
|
| Hamad, S., Green, D., Heo, J. |
2016 |
Evaluation of health risk associated with fireworks activity at central London |
UK |
Risk analysis |
|
|
| Hargrave, C. |
2015 |
Helping companion animals with noise phobia |
UK |
Review of literature on companion animals and noise phobia |
|
|
| Hlavaty, L., Kasper, W., Sung, L. |
2019 |
Suicide by Detonation of Intraoral Firecracker Case Report and Review of the Literature |
US |
Case study and review of literature |
|
|
| Hunthausen, W. |
2009 |
Preventative behavioural medicine for dogs |
UK |
Book chapter |
|
|
| Information Services Division Scotland |
2019 |
Emergency Hospital Admissions as a result of an Unintentional Injury from Firework (W39), Scotland, 2001/02 to 2016/17 |
UK |
Analysis of FWRI in emergency hospital admissions |
|
|
| Janagaraj, P.D. |
2019 |
Fireworks related injury in the Northern Territory 2018 |
Australia |
Analysis of FWRI between 30 June and 6 July 2018 |
|
|
| Jeyabal, P., Davies, L., Rousselot, A. et al. |
2019 |
Fireworks: boon or bane to our eyes' |
International |
Literature review |
|
|
| Khanna, T. |
2003 |
Bang goes my quiet night (fireworks) |
UK |
Review |
|
|
| Knox, F.A., Chan, W.C., Jackson, A.J., Foot, B., Sharkey, J.A. and McGinnity, F.G. |
2008 |
A British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit study on serious ocular injuries from fireworks in the UK. |
UK |
Surveillance study of ocular injuries in UK |
|
|
| Kukulski, B., Wszolek, T., Mleczko, D. |
2018 |
The Impact of Fireworks Noise on the Acoustic Climate in Urban Areas |
Poland |
Assessment of noise during NYE 2016-17 |
|
|
| Landsberg, G. M. and Denenberg, S. |
2009 |
Behaviour problems in the senior pet |
UK |
Book chapter |
|
|
| Levine, E. |
2009 |
Sound sensitivities |
UK |
Book chapter |
|
|
| Levine, E. D., Ramos, D. and Mills, D. S. |
2007 |
A prospective study of two self-help CD based desensitization and counter-conditioning programmes with the use of Dog Appeasing Pheromone for the treatment of firework fears in dogs (Canis familiaris) |
UK |
Intervention evaluation using owner reports and videos of behaviour |
|
|
| Lin, C-C. |
2016 |
A review of the impact of fireworks on particulate matter in ambient air |
International |
Evidence review |
|
|
| Macneal, P., Torres-Grau, J., Atkins, J., Williams, G. |
2018 |
High numbers of firework related injury referrals to the London Burns Service during the recent 'Bonfire night' period, is it time for new regulations? |
UK |
Analysis of FWRI referred to the London Burns Centre from 14th October to 12th November 2018 |
|
|
| Means, C. |
2016 |
Illuminating the Toxicity of Fireworks |
US |
Guide to treating toxic fireworks ingredients in dogs |
|
|
| Mills, D., Braem, D. M. and Zulch, H. |
2013 |
Stress and Pheromonotherapy in Small Animal Clinical Behaviour |
UK |
Book based on authors' research experience |
|
|
| Molendijk, J., Vervloet, B., Wolvius, E.B., and Koudstaal, M.J. |
2016 |
The Big Bang: Facial Trauma Caused by Recreational Fireworks |
Netherlands |
Case study |
|
|
| Moore, J. X,, McGwin G. Jr., Griffin, R. L. |
2014 |
The epidemiology of firework-related injuries in the United States: 2000-2010 |
US |
Analysis of nat. rep. sample of FWRI |
|
|
| Nizamoglu M, Frew Q, Tan A, Band H, Band B, Barnes D, et al. |
2018 |
The Ten-Year Experience of Firework Injuries Treated at a UK Regional Burns & Plastic Surgery Unit |
UK |
Review of patients attending burns and plastic surgery unit |
|
|
| Pace, C. and Vella, A. J. |
2019 |
Contamination of water resources of a small island state by fireworks-derived perchlorate: A case study from Malta |
Malta |
Water samples |
|
|
| Palestrini, C. |
2009 |
Situational sensitivities. In Canine and Feline Behavioural Medicine. |
UK |
Book chapter |
|
|
| Passos, R. S., Carvalho, A. P. O. and Rocha, C. A. A. C. |
2015 |
Exposure to firework noise in festivals |
Portugal |
Noise measurements at 5 events and survey |
|
|
| Pringle E, Eckstein MB, Casswell AG, Hughes EH. |
2012 |
New firework caused severe eye injuries at a public display |
UK |
Case study |
|
|
| Read, D. J., Bradbury, R. and Yeboah, E. |
2017 |
Firework-related injury in the Top End: a 16-year review |
Australia |
Audit of admitted patients with injury from fireworks |
|
|
| Romolo, F., Aromatario, M., Bottoni, E. et al. |
2014 |
Accidental death involving professional fireworks |
Italy |
Case study |
|
|
| Sandvall, B., Jacobson, L., Miller, E et al. |
2017 |
Fireworks type, injury pattern, and permanent impairment following severe fireworks related injuries |
US |
Retrospective case series of patients with fireworks related injuries |
|
|
| Sandvall, B., Keys, K. A., Friedrich, J. B. |
2017 |
Severe Hand Injuries From Fireworks: Injury Patterns, Outcomes and Fireworks Types |
US |
Retrospective cohort study |
|
|
| Seidel, D.J., Birnbaum, A.N. |
2015 |
Effects of Independence Day fireworks on atmospheric concentrations of fine particulate matter in the United States |
US |
Atmospheric measurements around July 4th from 315 sites across US |
|
|
| Seksel, K. |
2009 |
Preventative behavioural medicine for cats |
UK |
Book chapter |
|
|
| Shamoun-Baranes, J., Dokter, A. M., Gasteren, H., Loon, E. E., Leijnse, H. and Bouten, W. |
2011 |
Birds flee en mass from New Year's Eve fireworks |
Netherlands |
Operational weather radar |
|
|
| Sijimol, M. R. and Mohan, M. |
2014 |
Environmental impacts of perchlorate with special reference to fireworks-a review |
International |
Review |
|
|
| Stanley, M. K., Kelers, K., Boller, E. and Boller, M. |
2019 |
Acute barium poisoning in a dog after ingestion of handheld fireworks (party sparklers) |
Australia |
Case study |
|
|
| Storengen, L. M. and Lingaas, F. |
2015 |
Noise sensitivity in 17 dog breeds: Prevalence, breed risk and correlation with fear in other situations |
Norway |
Survey |
|
|
| Sun, Y., Han, Z., Du, Z., Li, Z., Cong, X. |
2017 |
Preparation and performance of environmental friendly Sulphur-Free propellant for fireworks |
China |
Laboratory testing of new firework propellant |
|
|
| Tadisina, K.K., Abcarian, A., and Omi, E. |
2014 |
Facial Firework Injury: A Case Series |
US |
Case series |
|
|
| Talamonti, Z., Cassis, C., Brambilla, P. G., Scarpa, P., Stefanello, D., Cannas, S., Minero, M. and Palestrini, C. |
2015 |
Preliminary study of pet owner adherence in behaviour, cardiology, urology and oncology fields |
Italy |
Survey |
|
|
| Tanaka, T., Inaba, R., Aoyama, A. |
2016 |
Noise and low-frequency sound levels due to aerial fireworks and prediction of the occupational exposure of pyrotechnicians to noise |
Japan |
Sound measurements 100m from the launch site of a firework display |
|
|
| ten Brink H, Otjes R, Weijers E, Henzing B. |
2018 |
Visibility in the Netherlands during New Year's fireworks: The role of soot and salty aerosol products |
Netherlands |
Integrating Nephlometer to measure light-scattering |
|
|
| The NHS Information Centre, Community and Mental Health Team, Brugha, T. et al. |
2012 |
Estimating the prevalence of autism spectrum conditions in adults: extending the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. |
UK |
Analysis of survey results |
|
|
| Under Age Sales |
2016 |
An analysis of intended firework purchasing by young people celebrating Bonfire Night in 2016 |
UK |
Survey |
|
|
| Valentinuzzi, M. E. |
2018 |
Fireworks, Autism, and Animals What "fun" noises do to sensitive humans and our beloved pets |
Unclear |
Journal article |
|
|
| Vella, A.J., Chircop, C., Micallef, T. and Pace, C. |
2015 |
Perchlorate in dust fall and indoor dust in Malta: An effect of fireworks |
Malta |
Dust samples analysed |
|
|
| Watson, S., Dobby, J. and Ramsay, S. |
2019 |
Incidence of Firework Related Injuries at Royal Hospital Children for Glasgow |
UK |
Analysis of firework related injuries from 2015-2018 |
|
|
| Witsaman, R.J., Comstock, R.D., Smith, G.A. |
2018 |
Pediatric fireworks related injuries in the United States: 1990-2003. |
US |
Analysis of fireworks related injuries |
|
|
| Young, T., Creighton, E., Smith, T. and Hosie, C. |
2012 |
A novel scale of behavioural indicators of stress for use with domestic horses |
UK |
Testing of new scale for behavioural scores to assess stress in horses |
|
|
| Zwirner J, Bayer R, Japes A, Eplinius F, Dressler J, Ondruschka B. |
2017 |
Suicide by the intraoral blast of firecrackers - experimental simulation using a skull simulant model |
Switzerland |
Case study and simulation |
|
|
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