Evaluation of Sixteen Women's Community Justice Services in Scotland

This document presents the findings of an evaluation of sixteen women’s community justice services in Scotland. The evaluation was conducted by the Institute for Research and Innovation in Social Services (IRISS) during 2014-15.


References

i. Scottish Government (2012) Commission on Women Offenders.
Available at: http://www.gov.scot/About/Review/commissiononwomenoffenders/finalreport-2012
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

ii. Scottish Prison Service (2013). Interim Delivery Plan 2012-2013. Annex 4 - 'Nine offender outcomes'.
Available at: http://www.sps.gov.uk/Corporate/Publications/Corporate7.aspx
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

iii. Scottish Government (2012) The Strategy for Justice in Scotland.
http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0040/00401836.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

iv. Pawson, R. and Tilley, N. (1997) Realistic Evaluation: London: Sage

v. Ritchie, J. and Lewis, J. editors. (2003) Qualitative Research Practice. A Guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. London: Sage

vi. Prison Reform Trust (2015) International good practice: alternatives to imprisonment for women offenders. p.2.
Available at: http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/portals/0/documents/international%20good%20practice%20final.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

vii. Hardwick, R. (2013) Integrated services for women through a One Stop Shop: a realist review. Journal of Integrated Care, 21(5), pp.263-275.

viii. Hedderman, C. and Gunby, C. (2013) Diverting women from custody: The importance of understanding sentencers' perspectives. Probation Journal, 60(4), pp.425-438.

ix. Ministry of Justice (2014) Transforming Rehabilitation: A summary of evidence on reducing reoffending (Second edition, updated April 2014) Ministry of Justice Analytical Series. Pp. 4-5, 32.
Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/transforming-rehabilitation-a-summary-of-evidence-on-reducing-reoffending
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

x. Sapouna, M., Bisset, C. and Conlong, A. (2011) What Works to Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the Evidence. Justice Analytical Services, Scottish Government.
Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Resource/0038/00385880.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xi. Burgess, C., Malloch, M. and McIvor, G. (2011) Women in Focus: an evaluation.
Available at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Women_in_Focus_FINAL_REPORT.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xii. Clinks. (2014) Who cares - where next for women offender services? p.23.
Available at: http://www.clinks.org/sites/default/files/basic/files-downloads/clinks_who-cares__WEB_FINAL%20%281%29.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xiii. Weaver, B. (2013) The Importance of Social Relations in Personal Change. Scottish Justice Matters. vol 1. no 2, December 2013, p.13.
Available at: http://scottishjusticematters.com/wp-content/uploads/SJM_1-2_December2013_SocialRelationshipsLo-Res.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xiv. McNeill, F., Farrall. S., Lightowler, C. and Maruna, S. (2012). How and why people stop offending: discovering desistance. IRISS Insights. no 15. April 2012, p.5.
Available at: http://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/how-and-why-people-stop-offending-discovering-desistance
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xv. McIvor, G., Trotter, C. and Sheehan, R. (2009) Women, resettlement and desistance. Probation Journal, 56(4), p.350.

xvi. Radcliffe, P., Hunter, G. and Vass, R. (2013). The development and impact of community services for women offenders : an evaluation. Institute for Criminal Policy Research, School of Law, Birkbeck College, London (February), p.22.

xvii. Hardwick, R. (2013) Integrated services for women through a One Stop Shop: a realist review. Journal of Integrated Care, 21(5), pp.264.

xviii. Malloch, M., McIvor, G., Schinkel, M. and Armstrong, S. (2013) The Elements of Effective Through-care. Part 1: International Review. p.7.
Available at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/International_Through-care_Review.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xix. McCoard, S., Skellington Orr, K., Shirley, A. and McCartney, P. (2010) Process Evaluation of the Drug Treatment and Testing Orders II (DTTO II) Pilots. Crime and Justice. Social Research Findings 21, Scottish Government.
Available at: http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2010/04/26095240/0
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xx. Radcliffe, P., Hunter, G. and Vass, R. (2013). The development and impact of community services for women offenders : an evaluation. Institute for Criminal Policy Research, School of Law, Birkbeck College, London (February), p.23.

xxi. Big Lottery Fund (2013) Learning from projects working with ex-offenders. p25.
Available at: https://www.biglotteryfund.org.uk/research/communities-and-places/offending-and-rehabilitation
[Accessed 5 May 2015];

Hardwick (2013) op cit p.269; Burgess, et al. (2011) op cit p.9; Radcliffe and Hunter (2013) op cit p.22; Scottish Government (2011) Needs, Risks and What Works to Reduce Reoffending in Women: A Summary of the Evidence - Justice Analytical Services: Prisons, Community Justice and Law Reform Analytical Unit; McIvor and Barry, 1998a; Malloch and McIvor (2012); and Wilson (2012) in Malloch et al. (2013) op cit p.24.

xxii. Trotter, C., McIvor, G. and Sheehan, R. (2012) The effectiveness of Support and Rehabilitation Services for Women Offenders. Australian Social Work, 65(1): p8;

xxiii. Worrall (1995:4) in Hardwick, R. (2013) op cit p.264.

xxiv. Radcliffe and Hunter (2013) op cit, p.27; Hardwick (2013) op cit, p.270; Nugent, B., Loureiro, T. and Loucks, N. (2010), Women Offender Pilot at the Willow Project: Report of the Evaluation, Families Outside, Edinburgh

xxv. Weaver, B. and Lightowler, C. (2012) Shaping the criminal justice system:

The role of those supported by criminal justice services. IRISS Insights. no 13. January 2012.
Available at: http://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/shaping-criminal-justice-system-role-those-supported-criminal-justice-services
[Accessed 5 May 2015];

Weaver, B. and McCulloch, T (2012) Co-producing Criminal Justice. Executive summary. Scottish Government Social Research Report 5. p.8.
Available at: http://www.sccjr.ac.uk/publications/co-producing-criminal-justiceexecutive-summary/
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xxvi. Mills A. and Codd, H. (2008) 'Prisoners' Families and Offender Management: Mobilizing Social Capital', Probation journal, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 9-24 in Jardine, C. (2013) Putting the pieces together: Prisoners, families and desistance. Scottish Justice Matters. vol 1. no 2, December 2013, p.16.
Available at: http://scottishjusticematters.com/wp-content/uploads/SJM_1-2_December2013_PuttingThePiecesTogetherLo-Res.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xxvii. Farrall, 2002, 2004; McNeill and Whyte, 2007, cited in McNeill, F., Farrall. S., Lightowler, C. and Maruna, S. (2012). How and why people stop offending: discovering desistance. IRISS Insights. no 15. April, p.9. Available at: http://www.iriss.org.uk/resources/how-and-why-people-stop-offending-discovering-desistance [Accessed 5 May 2015]

xxviii. Maruna, S., LeBel, TP., Mitchell, N., and Naples. M. (2004) Pygmalion in the reintegration process: Desistance from crime through the looking glass. Psychology, Crime & Law, 10(3), pp.271-281; Jardine, C. (2013) Putting the pieces together: Prisoners, families and desistance. Scottish Justice Matters. vol 1. no 2, December 2013, p.16.
Available at: http://scottishjusticematters.com/wp-content/uploads/SJM_1-2_December2013_PuttingThePiecesTogetherLo-Res.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xxix. Earle, J., Nadin, R. and Jacobsen, J. (2014) Brighter Futures, Working together to reduce women's offending. Prison Reform Trust.
Available at: http://www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/Portals/0/Documents/Brighter%20Futures%2025314web.pdf
[Accessed 5 May 2015]

xxx. Hardwick, R. (2013) op cit p.237.

How to access background or source data

The data collected for this social research publication:

☐ are available in more detail through Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics
☐ are available via an alternative route <specify or delete this text>
☒ may be made available on request, subject to consideration of legal and ethical factors. Please contact tamsyn.wilson@scotland.gsi.gov.uk for further information.
☐ cannot be made available by Scottish Government for further analysis as Scottish Government is not the data controller.

Contact

Email: Tamsyn Wilson

Back to top